The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Eoin A. King - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Environmental Noise Pollution
Environmental Noise Pollution, 2014Co-Authors: Enda Murphy, Eoin A. KingAbstract:This chapter offers an introduction to the concept of Environmental Noise pollution. In doing so, it provides the contextual background for understanding concerns around Environmental Noise pollution. This includes elucidating variations in the definition of Noise vis-à-vis Environmental Noise. It also provides a reflective introduction to key debates and challenges in the Environmental Noise pollution area from issues around the historical dimension of Noise pollution in cities to modern challenges facing policymakers in an increasingly urbanised society.
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Chapter 2 – Principles of Environmental Noise
Environmental Noise Pollution, 2014Co-Authors: Enda Murphy, Eoin A. KingAbstract:This chapter introduces the basic principles of Environmental Noise. At the outset the difference between the terms ‘Noise’ and ‘sound’ is discussed followed by the general theory informing the wave motion of sound. Then, key concepts associated with the frequency of sound are presented with an emphasis on how frequency information is represented in assessments of Environmental Noise. The decibel scale is described, together with examples of how its logarithmic scale operates within the field of acoustics. The manner in which the human ear responds to sound, and how this is accounted for through the use of a weighting system, is also discussed. The chapter concludes with observations on the measurement of Environmental Noise along with a description of how sound is attenuated through propagation outdoors.
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Chapter 3 – Environmental Noise and Health
Environmental Noise Pollution, 2014Co-Authors: Enda Murphy, Eoin A. KingAbstract:This chapter provides a systematic overview of the existing evidence investigating the health effects of Environmental Noise. There is now a considerable literature linking Environmental Noise exposure with a wide array of negative health effects. The most important of these are annoyance and sleep disturbance, but other emerging effects are potentially considerable including the relationship between excessive Noise exposure and cardiovascular outcomes such as hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction (heart attack) and stroke. Moreover, the after-effects of Noise-induced sleep disturbance are associated with numerous health-related problems including feeling of fatigue, reduced performance, increased anxiety and negative emotional responses such as anger and even depression. Children appear to be a particular risk group with respect to Noise with research, showing that Environmental Noise exposure has negative cognitive impacts in children. These include reduced reading and problem-solving ability as well as reduced attention span and motivation among Noise-exposed children. Moreover, the most recent evidence suggests a link with mental health issues including emotional problems, conduct disorder, hyperactivity, peer problems and prosocial behaviour.
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Environmental Noise Mapping Using Measurements in Transit
2010Co-Authors: Gareth J. Bennett, Eoin A. King, Jan Curn, Vinny Cahill, Fabián E. Bustamante, Henry J. RiceAbstract:Due to the ever increasing level of Environmental Noise that the EU population is exposed to, all countries are directed to disseminate community Noise level exposures to the public in accordance with EU Directive 2002/49/EC. Environmental Noise maps are used for this purpose and as a means to avoid, prevent or reduce the harmful effects caused by exposure to Environmental Noise. There is no common standard to which these maps are generated in the EU and indeed these maps are in most cases inaccurate due to poorly informed predictive models. This paper develops a novel Environmental Noise monitoring methodology which will allow accurate road Noise measurements to replace erroneous source model approximations in the generation of Noise maps. The approach proposes the acquisition of sound levels and position coordinates by instrumented vehicles such as bicycles or cars or by pedestrians equipped with a Smartphone. The accumulation of large amounts of data over time will result in extremely high spatial and temporal resolution resulting in an accurate measurement of Environmental Noise.
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Strategic Environmental Noise mapping : methodological issues concerning the implementation of the EU Environmental Noise Directive and their policy implications
Environment international, 2010Co-Authors: Enda Murphy, Eoin A. KingAbstract:Abstract This paper explores methodological issues and policy implications concerning the implementation of the EU Environmental Noise Directive (END) across Member States. Methodologically, the paper focuses on two key thematic issues relevant to the Directive: (1) calculation methods and (2) mapping methods. For (1), the paper focuses, in particular, on how differing calculation methods influence Noise prediction results as well as the value of the EU Noise indicator L den and its associated implications for comparability of Noise data across EU states. With regard to (2), emphasis is placed on identifying the issues affecting strategic Noise mapping, estimating population exposure, Noise action planning and dissemination of Noise mapping results to the general public. The implication of these issues for future Environmental Noise policy is also examined.
Enda Murphy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Current State-of-the-Art and New Directions in Strategic Environmental Noise Mapping
Current Pollution Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Enda Murphy, Jon Paul Faulkner, Owen DouglasAbstract:Environmental Noise mapping has the potential to act as a powerful resource for policymakers as a decision support tool for the mitigation of the negative effects of Environmental Noise pollution and its impact on public health. The aim of this paper is to review current state-of-the-art developments in how the strategic Noise mapping (SNM) process has progressed at the EU level since the introduction of the Environmental Noise Directive (END) in 2002. Reviewing such developments is important because of the relevance of SNM to public health. In this regard, the development of a new standardized Noise calculation method (i.e. CNOSSOS-EU) is also considered, as well as the future potential for Noise mapping and the impact of technology on the development of Noise pollution assessment.
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Environmental Noise Pollution
Environmental Noise Pollution, 2014Co-Authors: Enda Murphy, Eoin A. KingAbstract:This chapter offers an introduction to the concept of Environmental Noise pollution. In doing so, it provides the contextual background for understanding concerns around Environmental Noise pollution. This includes elucidating variations in the definition of Noise vis-à-vis Environmental Noise. It also provides a reflective introduction to key debates and challenges in the Environmental Noise pollution area from issues around the historical dimension of Noise pollution in cities to modern challenges facing policymakers in an increasingly urbanised society.
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Chapter 2 – Principles of Environmental Noise
Environmental Noise Pollution, 2014Co-Authors: Enda Murphy, Eoin A. KingAbstract:This chapter introduces the basic principles of Environmental Noise. At the outset the difference between the terms ‘Noise’ and ‘sound’ is discussed followed by the general theory informing the wave motion of sound. Then, key concepts associated with the frequency of sound are presented with an emphasis on how frequency information is represented in assessments of Environmental Noise. The decibel scale is described, together with examples of how its logarithmic scale operates within the field of acoustics. The manner in which the human ear responds to sound, and how this is accounted for through the use of a weighting system, is also discussed. The chapter concludes with observations on the measurement of Environmental Noise along with a description of how sound is attenuated through propagation outdoors.
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Chapter 3 – Environmental Noise and Health
Environmental Noise Pollution, 2014Co-Authors: Enda Murphy, Eoin A. KingAbstract:This chapter provides a systematic overview of the existing evidence investigating the health effects of Environmental Noise. There is now a considerable literature linking Environmental Noise exposure with a wide array of negative health effects. The most important of these are annoyance and sleep disturbance, but other emerging effects are potentially considerable including the relationship between excessive Noise exposure and cardiovascular outcomes such as hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction (heart attack) and stroke. Moreover, the after-effects of Noise-induced sleep disturbance are associated with numerous health-related problems including feeling of fatigue, reduced performance, increased anxiety and negative emotional responses such as anger and even depression. Children appear to be a particular risk group with respect to Noise with research, showing that Environmental Noise exposure has negative cognitive impacts in children. These include reduced reading and problem-solving ability as well as reduced attention span and motivation among Noise-exposed children. Moreover, the most recent evidence suggests a link with mental health issues including emotional problems, conduct disorder, hyperactivity, peer problems and prosocial behaviour.
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Strategic Environmental Noise mapping : methodological issues concerning the implementation of the EU Environmental Noise Directive and their policy implications
Environment international, 2010Co-Authors: Enda Murphy, Eoin A. KingAbstract:Abstract This paper explores methodological issues and policy implications concerning the implementation of the EU Environmental Noise Directive (END) across Member States. Methodologically, the paper focuses on two key thematic issues relevant to the Directive: (1) calculation methods and (2) mapping methods. For (1), the paper focuses, in particular, on how differing calculation methods influence Noise prediction results as well as the value of the EU Noise indicator L den and its associated implications for comparability of Noise data across EU states. With regard to (2), emphasis is placed on identifying the issues affecting strategic Noise mapping, estimating population exposure, Noise action planning and dissemination of Noise mapping results to the general public. The implication of these issues for future Environmental Noise policy is also examined.
Ben Milner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Environmental Noise classification for context-aware applications
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2003Co-Authors: Dan Smith, Ben MilnerAbstract:Context-awareness is essential to the development of adaptive information systems. Much work has been done on developing technologies and systems that are aware of absolute location in space and time; other aspects of context have been relatively neglected. We describe our approach to automatically sensing and recognising Environmental Noise as a contextual cue for context-aware applications. Environmental Noise provides much valuable information about a user's current context. This paper describes an approach to classifying the Noise context in the typical environments of our daily life, such as the office, car and city street. In this paper we present our hidden Markov model based Noise classifier. We describe the architecture of our system, the experimental results, and discuss the open issues in Environmental Noise classification for mobile computing.
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DEXA - Environmental Noise Classification for Context-Aware Applications
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2003Co-Authors: Dan Smith, Ben MilnerAbstract:Context-awareness is essential to the development of adaptive information systems. Much work has been done on developing technologies and systems that are aware of absolute location in space and time; other aspects of context have been relatively neglected. We describe our approach to automatically sensing and recognising Environmental Noise as a contextual cue for context-aware applications. Environmental Noise provides much valuable information about a user’s current context. This paper describes an approach to classifying the Noise context in the typical environments of our daily life, such as the office, car and city street. In this paper we present our hidden Markov model based Noise classifier. We describe the architecture of our system, the experimental results, and discuss the open issues in Environmental Noise classification for mobile computing.
Katarina Paunovic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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who Environmental Noise guidelines for the european region a systematic review on Environmental Noise and cognition
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2018Co-Authors: Charlotte Clark, Katarina PaunovicAbstract:This systematic review assesses the quality of the evidence across individual studies on the effect of Environmental Noise (road traffic, aircraft, and train and railway Noise) on cognition. Quantitative non-experimental studies of the association between Environmental Noise exposure on child and adult cognitive performance published up to June 2015 were reviewed: no limit was placed on the start date for the search. A total of 34 papers were identified, all of which were of child populations. 82% of the papers were of cross-sectional design, with fewer studies of longitudinal or intervention design. A range of cognitive outcomes were examined. The quality of the evidence across the studies for each individual Noise source and cognitive outcome was assessed using an adaptation of GRADE methodology. This review found, given the predominance of cross-sectional studies, that the quality of the evidence across studies ranged from being of moderate quality for an effect for some outcomes, e.g., aircraft Noise effects on reading comprehension and on long-term memory, to no effect for other outcomes such as attention and executive function and for some Noise sources such as road traffic Noise and railway Noise. The GRADE evaluation of low quality evidence across studies for some cognitive domains and for some Noise sources does not necessarily mean that there are no effects: rather, that more robust and a greater number of studies are required.
Alain Muzet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Environmental Noise, sleep and health.
Sleep medicine reviews, 2007Co-Authors: Alain MuzetAbstract:Unlike other physical ambient factors (i.e. electromagnetic fields or air pollutants), Noise is perceived by a specific system (auditory system) in humans. It is therefore a phenomenon that is sensed and evaluated by everybody, and this is why exposure to Noise is one of the most, if not the most, frequent complaints of populations living in large cities. In these areas and their surroundings, the sources of Noise most frequently cited are traffic, followed by neighbourhood Noises and aircraft Noises. Sleep is a physiological state that needs its integrity to allow the living organism to recuperate normally. It seems to be sensitive to Environmental factors that can interrupt it or reduce its amount. Ambient Noise, for example, is external stimuli that are still processed by the sleeper sensory functions, despite a non-conscious perception of their presence. Over the past 30 years, research into Environmental Noise and sleep has focused on different situations and environments, and therefore the findings are variable. However, it still seems necessary for some fundamental questions to be answered on whether Environmental Noise has long-term detrimental effects on health and quality of life and, if so, what these effects are for night-time, Noise-exposed populations.