The Experts below are selected from a list of 21 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Kristina Kochanova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Parenting Stress Among Biological, Adoptive, Foster, and Guardian Parents of Children with Prenatal and/or Environmental Substance Exposure
    2014
    Co-Authors: Kristina Kochanova
    Abstract:

    The presence of stress has been associated with unfavorable outcomes for both children and parents. Stressed parents are more likely to be negative, punitive, and withdrawn in interactions with children, which can lead to dysfunctional parent-child relationships and affect children’s development negatively 1, 2 . Parental stress has been shown to be influenced by multiple sources, including characteristics of the parent and/or the child. For example, child characteristics like behavioral problems, mental illnesses, and disabilities have been associated with higher parental stress 3, 4, 5, 6 . The purpose of this study was to investigate parental stress in different types of parents (biological, adoptive, foster, and guardian) of children with prenatal and/or Environmental Substance exposure. A sample of 209 children (60.8% males) was drawn from a larger study, which evaluated children who were prenatally and/or Environmentally exposed to Substances and collected data about psychological, physical, and family well being. The sample for this study was drawn based on the availability of the Parenting Stress Index (PSI-3) data and demographic information. It was predicted that adoptive parents will have higher parenting stress on the PSI-3 than biological, foster, and guardian parents. A significant effect of parent type (biological, adoptive, foster, and guardian parents) on parenting stress was found. Biological parents reported significantly greater stress on the Parent Domain and Total Stress scale than foster parents on the PSI-3. Adoptive parents reported significantly higher stress on the Child Domain than foster parents and significantly higher stress than both foster and guardian parents on the Parent Domain and the Total Stress scale of the PSI-3. The findings partially supported the hypothesis because adoptive parents did have significantly higher stress than foster and guardian parents, but not significantly higher stress than biological parents. Additional planned analyses will consider group difference within PSI subscales, as well as relations between reported stress and child Substance exposure (prenatal/Environmental), child diagnoses (category and total number) and length of current placement. Based on the results, it was concluded that biological and adoptive parents of children who were exposed to Substances prenatally and/or Environmentally reported higher stress than foster and guardian parents. To prevent unfavorable outcomes of parental stress, biological and adoptive parents of children with prenatal and/or Environmental Substance exposure should receive greater intervention for development of stress coping skills.

Evelyn V. Hess - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Environmental chemicals and autoimmune disease: cause and effect
    Toxicology, 2002
    Co-Authors: Evelyn V. Hess
    Abstract:

    Abstract Many important clues have been provided by the relationship of certain medications to lupus and other autoimmune syndromes. These are temporary conditions that resolve when the medication is removed. There are now over 70 such medications which have been reported related to these autoimmune conditions. Interest continues to grow in the potential for Environmental Substances to cause these syndromes. Among those under suspicion are hydrazines, tartrazines, hair dyes, trichloroethylene, industrial emissions and hazardous wastes. Other possible associations include silica, mercury, cadmium, gold and L canavanine. Two recognised outbreaks include ‘toxic oil syndrome’ related to contaminated rape seed oil in Spain in 1981 and exposure to a contaminated Environmental Substance associated with an autoimmune attack on muscle tissue in 1989. Recently, there have been proposals made for the definition and identification of Environmentally associated immune disorders. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has also provided recent publications for other Environmentally related problems. All these aspects will be presented and reviewed in detail.

Mark K. Atlas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Environmental Substance Abuse: The Substantive Competence of Social Science Empirical Environmental Policy Research
    SSRN Electronic Journal, 2010
    Co-Authors: Mark K. Atlas
    Abstract:

    In a 2002 article, social science scholars criticized legal scholars for violating empirical analysis principles in law review articles. Their review of hundreds of empirical law review articles led to a pervasively grim assessment of these articles and their authors, concluding that empirical legal scholarship was deeply flawed, with serious problems of inference and methodology everywhere. In essence, the 2002 article argued that although legal scholars’ articles might be substantively competent (i.e., knowledgeable about the law and facts), they were, at best, methodologically incompetent.This Report reverses the 2002 article’s focus, assessing the substantive competence of social science empirical research articles, ignoring their methodological competence. This Report focuses on about 550 social science articles from peer-reviewed journals since the 1960’s that used quantitative research to study United States domestic Environmental policies and practices. The 2002 article examined aspects of law review articles at which legal researchers might be deficient but at which social science researchers should be competent. This Report does the opposite by focusing on what legal researchers should be most expert – determining the relevant laws, government policies, and facts. Consequently, just as the 2002 article evaluated whether law review articles violated empirical research rules, this Report evaluates whether social science Environmental policy articles were incorrect or incomplete about the relevant laws, government policies, or facts.Although the 2002 article concluded that every empirical law review article was fatally flawed methodologically, this Report does not conclude that every social science Environmental policy article was fatally flawed substantively. However, the overwhelming majority of those articles were substantively uninformed, amateurish, shoddy, and/or deceptive. Anyone with a basic understanding of the Environmental laws, policies, facts, and/or data relevant to any particular article would conclude after only a brief review that the article was seriously flawed. Unfortunately, social science journals publishing Environmental policy articles have been like runaway trains of invalid research that keep picking up new passengers. This Report explains in detail the substantive problems with each of these articles.

Barry P. Rosen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • New mechanisms of bacterial arsenic resistance
    Biomedical journal, 2016
    Co-Authors: Hung-chi Yang, Barry P. Rosen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Arsenic is the most pervasive Environmental Substance and is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a Group 1 human carcinogen. Nearly every organism has resistance pathways for inorganic arsenic, and in bacteria, their genes are found in arsenic resistance (ars) operons. Recently, a parallel pathway for organic arsenicals has been identified. The ars genes responsible for the organoarsenical detoxification includes arsM, which encodes an As(III) S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase, arsI, which encodes a C–As bond lyase, and arsH, which encodes a methylarsenite oxidase. The identification and properties of arsM, arsI and arsH are described in this review.

William F. Bleam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Natural Organic Matter
    Soil and Environmental Chemistry, 2020
    Co-Authors: William F. Bleam
    Abstract:

    Natural organic matter is a component of the terrestrial carbon cycle, representing both an important Environmental Substance and a vital component of the biological energy cycle. The reduced carbon in bioorganic compounds is kinetically stable in the presence of O 2 and, as consequence, the release of the chemical energy stored in natural organic matter requires enzymatic catalysis by a complex microbial community. Natural organic matter has a composition well suited for high carbon-use efficiency and growth yield by the microbes responsible for carbon turnover.