The Experts below are selected from a list of 351834 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Takae Hirasawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Epigenetic understanding of gene-environment interactions in psychiatric disorders: a new concept of clinical genetics
Clinical Epigenetics, 2012Co-Authors: Takeo Kubota, Kunio Miyake, Takae HirasawaAbstract:Epigenetics is a mechanism that regulates gene expression independently of the underlying DNA sequence, relying instead on the chemical modification of DNA and histone proteins. Although environmental and genetic factors were thought to be independently associated with disorders, several recent lines of evidence suggest that Epigenetics bridges these two factors. Epigenetic gene regulation is essential for normal development, thus defects in Epigenetics cause various rare congenital diseases. Because Epigenetics is a reversible system that can be affected by various environmental factors, such as drugs, nutrition, and mental stress, the epigenetic disorders also include common diseases induced by environmental factors. In this review, we discuss the nature of epigenetic disorders, particularly psychiatric disorders, on the basis of recent findings: 1) susceptibility of the conditions to environmental factors, 2) treatment by taking advantage of their reversible nature, and 3) transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic changes, that is, acquired adaptive epigenetic changes that are passed on to offspring. These recently discovered aspects of Epigenetics provide a new concept of clinical genetics.
-
Epigenetic understanding of gene-environment interactions in psychiatric disorders: a new concept of clinical genetics
Clinical Epigenetics, 2012Co-Authors: Takeo Kubota, Kunio Miyake, Takae HirasawaAbstract:Epigenetics is a mechanism that regulates gene expression independently of the underlying DNA sequence, relying instead on the chemical modification of DNA and histone proteins. Although environmental and genetic factors were thought to be independently associated with disorders, several recent lines of evidence suggest that Epigenetics bridges these two factors. Epigenetic gene regulation is essential for normal development, thus defects in Epigenetics cause various rare congenital diseases. Because Epigenetics is a reversible system that can be affected by various environmental factors, such as drugs, nutrition, and mental stress, the epigenetic disorders also include common diseases induced by environmental factors. In this review, we discuss the nature of epigenetic disorders, particularly psychiatric disorders, on the basis of recent findings: 1) susceptibility of the conditions to environmental factors, 2) treatment by taking advantage of their reversible nature, and 3) transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic changes, that is, acquired adaptive epigenetic changes that are passed on to offspring. These recently discovered aspects of Epigenetics provide a new concept of clinical genetics.
-
Novel etiological and therapeutic strategies for neurodiseases: epigenetic understanding of gene-environment interactions.
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Takeo Kubota, Kunio Miyake, Takae Hirasawa, Kaoru Nagai, Tsuyoshi KoideAbstract:Epigenetics is a mechanism that regulates gene expression not depending on the underlying DNA sequence, but on the chemical modifications of DNA and histone proteins. Defects in the factors involved in epigenetic regulation cause congenital neurodevelopmental diseases, and thus, epigenetic regulation is essential for normal brain development. Besides these intrinsic defects, it is becoming increasingly apparent that extrinsic factors, such as insufficient nutrition, psychiatric drugs, and mental stress, also alter epigenetic regulation. Therefore, environmental factors may lead to “acquired” neurodevelopmental disorders through the failure of epigenetic regulation. Epigenetics is a biological key to understand the gene–environment interactions in neurodevelopmental disorders. As the mechanism is reversible, its comprehensive understanding will result in the development of new therapies for these disorders.
Takeo Kubota - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Epigenetic understanding of gene-environment interactions in psychiatric disorders: a new concept of clinical genetics
Clinical Epigenetics, 2012Co-Authors: Takeo Kubota, Kunio Miyake, Takae HirasawaAbstract:Epigenetics is a mechanism that regulates gene expression independently of the underlying DNA sequence, relying instead on the chemical modification of DNA and histone proteins. Although environmental and genetic factors were thought to be independently associated with disorders, several recent lines of evidence suggest that Epigenetics bridges these two factors. Epigenetic gene regulation is essential for normal development, thus defects in Epigenetics cause various rare congenital diseases. Because Epigenetics is a reversible system that can be affected by various environmental factors, such as drugs, nutrition, and mental stress, the epigenetic disorders also include common diseases induced by environmental factors. In this review, we discuss the nature of epigenetic disorders, particularly psychiatric disorders, on the basis of recent findings: 1) susceptibility of the conditions to environmental factors, 2) treatment by taking advantage of their reversible nature, and 3) transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic changes, that is, acquired adaptive epigenetic changes that are passed on to offspring. These recently discovered aspects of Epigenetics provide a new concept of clinical genetics.
-
Epigenetic understanding of gene-environment interactions in psychiatric disorders: a new concept of clinical genetics
Clinical Epigenetics, 2012Co-Authors: Takeo Kubota, Kunio Miyake, Takae HirasawaAbstract:Epigenetics is a mechanism that regulates gene expression independently of the underlying DNA sequence, relying instead on the chemical modification of DNA and histone proteins. Although environmental and genetic factors were thought to be independently associated with disorders, several recent lines of evidence suggest that Epigenetics bridges these two factors. Epigenetic gene regulation is essential for normal development, thus defects in Epigenetics cause various rare congenital diseases. Because Epigenetics is a reversible system that can be affected by various environmental factors, such as drugs, nutrition, and mental stress, the epigenetic disorders also include common diseases induced by environmental factors. In this review, we discuss the nature of epigenetic disorders, particularly psychiatric disorders, on the basis of recent findings: 1) susceptibility of the conditions to environmental factors, 2) treatment by taking advantage of their reversible nature, and 3) transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic changes, that is, acquired adaptive epigenetic changes that are passed on to offspring. These recently discovered aspects of Epigenetics provide a new concept of clinical genetics.
-
Novel etiological and therapeutic strategies for neurodiseases: epigenetic understanding of gene-environment interactions.
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Takeo Kubota, Kunio Miyake, Takae Hirasawa, Kaoru Nagai, Tsuyoshi KoideAbstract:Epigenetics is a mechanism that regulates gene expression not depending on the underlying DNA sequence, but on the chemical modifications of DNA and histone proteins. Defects in the factors involved in epigenetic regulation cause congenital neurodevelopmental diseases, and thus, epigenetic regulation is essential for normal brain development. Besides these intrinsic defects, it is becoming increasingly apparent that extrinsic factors, such as insufficient nutrition, psychiatric drugs, and mental stress, also alter epigenetic regulation. Therefore, environmental factors may lead to “acquired” neurodevelopmental disorders through the failure of epigenetic regulation. Epigenetics is a biological key to understand the gene–environment interactions in neurodevelopmental disorders. As the mechanism is reversible, its comprehensive understanding will result in the development of new therapies for these disorders.
Kunio Miyake - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Epigenetic understanding of gene-environment interactions in psychiatric disorders: a new concept of clinical genetics
Clinical Epigenetics, 2012Co-Authors: Takeo Kubota, Kunio Miyake, Takae HirasawaAbstract:Epigenetics is a mechanism that regulates gene expression independently of the underlying DNA sequence, relying instead on the chemical modification of DNA and histone proteins. Although environmental and genetic factors were thought to be independently associated with disorders, several recent lines of evidence suggest that Epigenetics bridges these two factors. Epigenetic gene regulation is essential for normal development, thus defects in Epigenetics cause various rare congenital diseases. Because Epigenetics is a reversible system that can be affected by various environmental factors, such as drugs, nutrition, and mental stress, the epigenetic disorders also include common diseases induced by environmental factors. In this review, we discuss the nature of epigenetic disorders, particularly psychiatric disorders, on the basis of recent findings: 1) susceptibility of the conditions to environmental factors, 2) treatment by taking advantage of their reversible nature, and 3) transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic changes, that is, acquired adaptive epigenetic changes that are passed on to offspring. These recently discovered aspects of Epigenetics provide a new concept of clinical genetics.
-
Epigenetic understanding of gene-environment interactions in psychiatric disorders: a new concept of clinical genetics
Clinical Epigenetics, 2012Co-Authors: Takeo Kubota, Kunio Miyake, Takae HirasawaAbstract:Epigenetics is a mechanism that regulates gene expression independently of the underlying DNA sequence, relying instead on the chemical modification of DNA and histone proteins. Although environmental and genetic factors were thought to be independently associated with disorders, several recent lines of evidence suggest that Epigenetics bridges these two factors. Epigenetic gene regulation is essential for normal development, thus defects in Epigenetics cause various rare congenital diseases. Because Epigenetics is a reversible system that can be affected by various environmental factors, such as drugs, nutrition, and mental stress, the epigenetic disorders also include common diseases induced by environmental factors. In this review, we discuss the nature of epigenetic disorders, particularly psychiatric disorders, on the basis of recent findings: 1) susceptibility of the conditions to environmental factors, 2) treatment by taking advantage of their reversible nature, and 3) transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic changes, that is, acquired adaptive epigenetic changes that are passed on to offspring. These recently discovered aspects of Epigenetics provide a new concept of clinical genetics.
-
Novel etiological and therapeutic strategies for neurodiseases: epigenetic understanding of gene-environment interactions.
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Takeo Kubota, Kunio Miyake, Takae Hirasawa, Kaoru Nagai, Tsuyoshi KoideAbstract:Epigenetics is a mechanism that regulates gene expression not depending on the underlying DNA sequence, but on the chemical modifications of DNA and histone proteins. Defects in the factors involved in epigenetic regulation cause congenital neurodevelopmental diseases, and thus, epigenetic regulation is essential for normal brain development. Besides these intrinsic defects, it is becoming increasingly apparent that extrinsic factors, such as insufficient nutrition, psychiatric drugs, and mental stress, also alter epigenetic regulation. Therefore, environmental factors may lead to “acquired” neurodevelopmental disorders through the failure of epigenetic regulation. Epigenetics is a biological key to understand the gene–environment interactions in neurodevelopmental disorders. As the mechanism is reversible, its comprehensive understanding will result in the development of new therapies for these disorders.
Andrew P. Feinberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the key role of Epigenetics in human disease prevention and mitigation
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Andrew P. FeinbergAbstract:Epigenetics in Disease Prevention and Mitigation Epigenetics is the regulation of gene expression through alterations in DNA or associated factors (other than the DNA sequence). These factors control the diverse manifestations of diseases. Insights into epigenetic modification may lead to new therapies for common diseases.
-
Epigenetics at the epicenter of modern medicine
JAMA, 2008Co-Authors: Andrew P. FeinbergAbstract:Epigenetics, the study of non-DNA sequence-related heredity, is at the epicenter of modern medicine because it can help to explain the relationship between an individual's genetic background, the environment, aging, and disease. It can do so because the epigenetic state varies among tissues and during a lifetime, whereas the DNA sequence remains essentially the same. As cells adapt to a changing internal and external environment, epigenetic mechanisms can remember these changes in the normal programming and reprogramming of gene activity. The common disease genetic and epigenetic (CDGE) model provides an epidemiologic framework that can incorporate epigenetic with genetic variation in the context of age-related susceptibility to disease. Under CDGE, the epigenetic program can modify the effects of deleterious genes or may be influenced by an adverse environment. Thus, including Epigenetics into epidemiologic studies of human disease may help explain the relationship between the genome and the environment and may provide new clues to modifying these effects in disease prevention and therapy.
-
phenotypic plasticity and the Epigenetics of human disease
Nature, 2007Co-Authors: Andrew P. FeinbergAbstract:It is becoming clear that epigenetic changes are involved in human disease as well as during normal development. A unifying theme of disease Epigenetics is defects in phenotypic plasticity — cells' ability to change their behaviour in response to internal or external environmental cues. This model proposes that hereditary disorders of the epigenetic apparatus lead to developmental defects, that cancer Epigenetics involves disruption of the stem-cell programme, and that common diseases with late-onset phenotypes involve interactions between the epigenome, the genome and the environment. Increased understanding of epigenetic-disease mechanisms could lead to disease-risk stratification for targeted intervention and to targeted therapies.
-
the Epigenetics of cancer etiology
Seminars in Cancer Biology, 2004Co-Authors: Andrew P. FeinbergAbstract:Abstract Epigenetic dysregulation is central to cancer development and progression. This dysregulation includes hypomethylation leading to oncogene activation and chromosomal instability, hypermethylation and tumor suppressor gene silencing, and chromatin modification acting directly, and cooperatively with methylation changes, to modify gene expression. In addition, disrupted genomic imprinting appears to contribute to colorectal cancer risk, and serves as a gatekeeper in Wilms tumor. A cancer predisposing disorder, Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, usually arises from epigenetic errors, solidifying the causal role of Epigenetics in cancer. While cancer Epigenetics has been reviewed extensively elsewhere, the main focus of this review will be to present the view that Epigenetics and genetics are complementary in the area of cancer etiology, the focus of this volume. I propose a hypothesis in which epigenetic alterations contribute to tumor progression, but they also increase the probability that genetic changes, when they occur, will lead to cancer initiation. This hypothesis could contribute to a new understanding of the role of environmental carcinogens that may not be fully explained through a purely genetic view or by tests, such as bacterial mutation frequency, that ignore epigenetic factors.
-
The history of cancer Epigenetics
Nature Reviews Cancer, 2004Co-Authors: Andrew P. Feinberg, Benjamin TyckoAbstract:Since its discovery in 1983, the Epigenetics of human cancer has been in the shadows of human cancer genetics. But this area has become increasingly visible with a growing understanding of specific epigenetic mechanisms and their role in cancer, including hypomethylation, hypermethylation, loss of imprinting and chromatin modification. This timeline traces the field from its conception to the present day. It also addresses the genetic basis of epigenetic changes — an emerging area that promises to unite cancer genetics and Epigenetics, and might serve as a model for understanding the epigenetic basis of human disease more generally.
Peter K. Dearden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
nutrition and epigenetic change in insects evidence and implications
Advances in Insect Physiology, 2017Co-Authors: Andrew G Cridge, Thomas W R Harrop, Mackenzie R Lovegrove, Emily J Remnant, Peter K. DeardenAbstract:Abstract Insects provide valuable model systems to help us understand the effects of nutrition on body form and life history traits. Insects often show very pronounced, extreme differences in phenotype in response to nutritional cues, and in recent years epigenetic mechanisms have been proposed as key to these responses. Here we review the links between nutrition, epigenetic change, and phenotype in a range of insects, focusing on evidence for epigenetic change linking nutrition and phenotype. While evidence exists that Epigenetics plays a key role in responding to nutrition, we suggest that investigating the chain of causality from nutritional change to epigenetic change to phenotype is required before we can understand the role of Epigenetics in insect nutrition.
