The Experts below are selected from a list of 8136 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David W. Mccandless - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy in Animals
Epilepsy, 2011Co-Authors: David W. MccandlessAbstract:Juvenile myoclonic Epilepsy is a common form of generalized idiopathic Epilepsy which usually has an onset between about 12 and 18 years of age, hence its name. The seizure types which may be seen include myoclonic jerks and seizures, absence seizures, and tonic clonic seizures (Zifkin et al. 2005). The seizures usually occur during daytime, but can occur upon awakening. Clinical examination does not reveal any focal neurological signs, and MRI shows no definitive characteristic anatomical lesions. Psychiatric examination does show a specific personality pattern in about 15% of patients which consists of low self-esteem, emotional instability, lack of discipline, mood changes, etc.
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Tonic-Clonic Epilepsy in Animals
Epilepsy, 2011Co-Authors: David W. MccandlessAbstract:The tonic-clonic seizure (grand mal) is one of the most dramatic seizures, lasts several minutes, and is what is commonly associated with a “seizure.” It is a generalized seizure in that consciousness is lost, and if standing, the patient falls to the ground (the falling sickness). The seizure originates, or is immediately a bilateral phenomenon. There is frequently, but not always, an aura, and the patient might emit a moan, or scream just as the seizure begins. Following the seizure (5 min or more) there is an obvious and significant post ictal depression period, in which the patient may sleep for over an hour. incontinence is common, and the patient should only be prevented from hurting himself, never restrained. Moving the patient onto his/her side helps prevent aspiration of vomit.
Carlos Paz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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in Vivo Experimental Models of Epilepsy
Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Carmen Rubio, Moisés Rubio-osornio, Socorro Retana-márquez, Marisol López, Verónica Custodio, Carlos PazAbstract:This study reviews the different in vivo experimental models that have been used for the study of epileptogenesis. in this review we will focus on how to replicate the different models that have led to the study of partial seizures, as well as generalized seizures and the status epilepticus. The main characteristics that participate in the processes that generate and modulate the manifestations of different models of epileptogenesis are described. The development of several models of experimental Epilepsy in Animals has clearly helped the study of specific brain areas capable of causing convulsions. The experimental models of Epilepsy also have helped in the study the mechanisms and actions of Epilepsy drugs. in order to develop experimental animal models of Epilepsy, Animals are generally chosen according to the kind of Epilepsy that can be developed and studied. It is currently known that animal species can have epileptic seizures similar to those in humans. However, it is important to keep in mind that it has not been possible to entirely evaluate all manifestations of human Epilepsy. Notwithstanding, these experimental models of Epilepsy have allowed a partial understanding of most of the underlying mechanisms of this disease.
Wolfgang Löscher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of the novel antiepileptic drug lacosamide on the development of amygdala kindling in rats
Epilepsia, 2006Co-Authors: Claudia Brandt, Heidrun Potschka, Anna Heile, Thomas Stoehr, Wolfgang LöscherAbstract:Summary: Purpose: The current treatment of Epilepsy focuses exclusively on the prophylaxis or suppression of seizures and thus provides merely a symptomatic treatment, without clear influence on the course of the disease. There is a need for new drugs that act at different molecular targets than currently available antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and for new therapies designed to block the process of epileptogenesis. in recent years, different research lines have examined the epileptogenic process in order to understand the different stages in this process, and with the hope that early recognition and intervention could prevent the development or progression of Epilepsy. in Animals, acquired Epilepsy is studied most commonly with the kindling model and status epilepticus models. in the present study, we used the kindling model to evaluate whether the novel AED lacosamide affects kindling-induced epileptogenesis. This drug does not seem to act by any of the mechanisms of currently available AEDs, but the exact molecular mechanisms of action of lacosamide have not yet been clarified. Methods: Groups of 9–10 rats were treated with either vehicle or different doses of lacosamide (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day) over 22–23 days during amygdala kindling. Results: Daily administration of lacosamide during kindling acquisition produced a dose-dependent effect on kindling development. While the drug was inactive at 3 mg/kg/day, significant retardation of kindling was observed at 10 mg/kg/day, by which the average number of stimulations to reach kindling criterion was increased by >90%. A significant inhibitory effect on kindling acquisition was also observed with 30 mg/kg/day, but this dose of lacosamide was associated with adverse effects. Conclusions: The present data demonstrate that lacosamide, in addition to exerting anticonvulsant activity, has the potential to retard kindling-induced epileptogenesis. Whether this indicates that lacosamide possesses antiepileptogenic or disease-modifying potential needs to be further evaluated, including studies in other models of acquired Epilepsy.
Carmen Rubio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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in Vivo Experimental Models of Epilepsy
Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Carmen Rubio, Moisés Rubio-osornio, Socorro Retana-márquez, Marisol López, Verónica Custodio, Carlos PazAbstract:This study reviews the different in vivo experimental models that have been used for the study of epileptogenesis. in this review we will focus on how to replicate the different models that have led to the study of partial seizures, as well as generalized seizures and the status epilepticus. The main characteristics that participate in the processes that generate and modulate the manifestations of different models of epileptogenesis are described. The development of several models of experimental Epilepsy in Animals has clearly helped the study of specific brain areas capable of causing convulsions. The experimental models of Epilepsy also have helped in the study the mechanisms and actions of Epilepsy drugs. in order to develop experimental animal models of Epilepsy, Animals are generally chosen according to the kind of Epilepsy that can be developed and studied. It is currently known that animal species can have epileptic seizures similar to those in humans. However, it is important to keep in mind that it has not been possible to entirely evaluate all manifestations of human Epilepsy. Notwithstanding, these experimental models of Epilepsy have allowed a partial understanding of most of the underlying mechanisms of this disease.
Claudia Brandt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of the novel antiepileptic drug lacosamide on the development of amygdala kindling in rats
Epilepsia, 2006Co-Authors: Claudia Brandt, Heidrun Potschka, Anna Heile, Thomas Stoehr, Wolfgang LöscherAbstract:Summary: Purpose: The current treatment of Epilepsy focuses exclusively on the prophylaxis or suppression of seizures and thus provides merely a symptomatic treatment, without clear influence on the course of the disease. There is a need for new drugs that act at different molecular targets than currently available antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and for new therapies designed to block the process of epileptogenesis. in recent years, different research lines have examined the epileptogenic process in order to understand the different stages in this process, and with the hope that early recognition and intervention could prevent the development or progression of Epilepsy. in Animals, acquired Epilepsy is studied most commonly with the kindling model and status epilepticus models. in the present study, we used the kindling model to evaluate whether the novel AED lacosamide affects kindling-induced epileptogenesis. This drug does not seem to act by any of the mechanisms of currently available AEDs, but the exact molecular mechanisms of action of lacosamide have not yet been clarified. Methods: Groups of 9–10 rats were treated with either vehicle or different doses of lacosamide (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day) over 22–23 days during amygdala kindling. Results: Daily administration of lacosamide during kindling acquisition produced a dose-dependent effect on kindling development. While the drug was inactive at 3 mg/kg/day, significant retardation of kindling was observed at 10 mg/kg/day, by which the average number of stimulations to reach kindling criterion was increased by >90%. A significant inhibitory effect on kindling acquisition was also observed with 30 mg/kg/day, but this dose of lacosamide was associated with adverse effects. Conclusions: The present data demonstrate that lacosamide, in addition to exerting anticonvulsant activity, has the potential to retard kindling-induced epileptogenesis. Whether this indicates that lacosamide possesses antiepileptogenic or disease-modifying potential needs to be further evaluated, including studies in other models of acquired Epilepsy.