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Yunfen Shen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phylogenetic relationships of the subclass Peritrichia (Oligohymenophorea, Ciliophora) inferred from small subunit rRNA gene sequences.
The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, 2004Co-Authors: Wei Miao, Wei-song Fen, Xi-yuan Zhang, Yunfen ShenAbstract:The phylogenetic relationships among peritrichs remain unresolved. In this study, the complete small subunit rRNA (SSrRNA) gene sequences of seven species (Epistylis galea, Campanella umbellaria, Carchesium polypinum, Zoothamnium arbuscula, Vaginicola crystallina, Ophrydium versatile, and Opercularia microdiscum) were determined. Trees were constructed using distance-matrix, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony methods, all of which strongly supported the monophyly of the subclass Peritrichia. Within the peritrichs, 1) E. galea grouped with Opercularia microdiscum and Campanella umbellaria but not the other Epistylis species, which indicates that the genus Epistylis might not be monophyletic; 2) the topological position of Carchesium and Campanella suggested that Carchesium should be placed in the family Zoothamniidae, or be elevated to a higher taxonomic rank, and that Campanella should be independent of the family Epistylididae, and probably be given a new rank; and 3) Opisthonecta grouped strongly with Astylozoon, which suggested that Opisthonecta species were not the ancestors of the stalked peritrichs.
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Phylogenetic relationships of the subclass Peritrichia (Oligohymenophorea, Ciliophora) with emphasis on the genus Epistylis, inferred from small subunit rRNA gene sequences
The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, 2001Co-Authors: Wei Miao, Yunfen ShenAbstract:The peritrichs have been recognized as a higher taxon of ciliates since 1968. However, the phylogenetic relationships among them are still unsettled, and their placement within the class Oligohymenophorea has only been supported by the analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene sequence of Opisthonecta henneguyi. DNA was isolated directly from field-sampled species for PCR, and was used to resolve relationships within the genus Epistylis and to confirm the stability of the placement of peritrichs. Small subunit rRNA gene sequences of Epistylis plicatilis, Epistylis urceolata, Epistylis chysemydis, Epistylis hentscheli, Epistylis wenrichi, and Vorticella campanula were sequenced and analyzed using both distance-matrix and maximum-parsimony methods. In phylogenetic trees, the monophyly of both the genus Epistylis and the subclass Peritrichia was strongly supported, while V. campanula clustered with Vorticella microstoma. The topology in which E. plicatilis and E. hentscheli formed a strongly supported sister clade to E. urceolata, E. chrysemydis, and E. wenrichi was consistent with variations in the thickness of the peristomial lip. We concluded that the peristomial area, especially the. peristomial lip, might be the important phylogenetic character within the genus Epistylis.
Wei Miao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phylogenetic relationships of the subclass Peritrichia (Oligohymenophorea, Ciliophora) inferred from small subunit rRNA gene sequences.
The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, 2004Co-Authors: Wei Miao, Wei-song Fen, Xi-yuan Zhang, Yunfen ShenAbstract:The phylogenetic relationships among peritrichs remain unresolved. In this study, the complete small subunit rRNA (SSrRNA) gene sequences of seven species (Epistylis galea, Campanella umbellaria, Carchesium polypinum, Zoothamnium arbuscula, Vaginicola crystallina, Ophrydium versatile, and Opercularia microdiscum) were determined. Trees were constructed using distance-matrix, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony methods, all of which strongly supported the monophyly of the subclass Peritrichia. Within the peritrichs, 1) E. galea grouped with Opercularia microdiscum and Campanella umbellaria but not the other Epistylis species, which indicates that the genus Epistylis might not be monophyletic; 2) the topological position of Carchesium and Campanella suggested that Carchesium should be placed in the family Zoothamniidae, or be elevated to a higher taxonomic rank, and that Campanella should be independent of the family Epistylididae, and probably be given a new rank; and 3) Opisthonecta grouped strongly with Astylozoon, which suggested that Opisthonecta species were not the ancestors of the stalked peritrichs.
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Phylogenetic relationships of the subclass Peritrichia (Oligohymenophorea, Ciliophora) with emphasis on the genus Epistylis, inferred from small subunit rRNA gene sequences
The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, 2001Co-Authors: Wei Miao, Yunfen ShenAbstract:The peritrichs have been recognized as a higher taxon of ciliates since 1968. However, the phylogenetic relationships among them are still unsettled, and their placement within the class Oligohymenophorea has only been supported by the analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene sequence of Opisthonecta henneguyi. DNA was isolated directly from field-sampled species for PCR, and was used to resolve relationships within the genus Epistylis and to confirm the stability of the placement of peritrichs. Small subunit rRNA gene sequences of Epistylis plicatilis, Epistylis urceolata, Epistylis chysemydis, Epistylis hentscheli, Epistylis wenrichi, and Vorticella campanula were sequenced and analyzed using both distance-matrix and maximum-parsimony methods. In phylogenetic trees, the monophyly of both the genus Epistylis and the subclass Peritrichia was strongly supported, while V. campanula clustered with Vorticella microstoma. The topology in which E. plicatilis and E. hentscheli formed a strongly supported sister clade to E. urceolata, E. chrysemydis, and E. wenrichi was consistent with variations in the thickness of the peristomial lip. We concluded that the peristomial area, especially the. peristomial lip, might be the important phylogenetic character within the genus Epistylis.
Robin M. Overstreet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seasonal variation of ectosymbiotic ciliates on farmed and wild shrimps from coastal Yucatan, Mexico
Aquaculture, 2008Co-Authors: Norma A. López-téllez, Víctor M. Vidal-martínez, Robin M. OverstreetAbstract:Abstract High levels of ciliate infestation can affect respiration, feed intake, and locomotion in farmed shrimps in the tropics. Information on seasonal variation of the infestation parameters of ciliates is scarce, but it would be useful for determining the suitability of preventive measures or therapeutic treatment if necessary. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and mean intensity of infestation (MII) of ciliates on wild native shrimps Penaeus ( Farfantepenaeus ) brasiliensis and P. ( Farfantepenaeus ) duorarum and farm-cultured juvenile shrimp Penaeus ( Litopenaeus ) vannamei over an annual cycle and to determine whether an association existed among physicochemical factors and infestation on cultured shrimp. The ectosymbiotic ciliates Acineta tuberosa, Epistylis sp. , and Zoothamnium sp . infested both farmed and wild shrimps. Based on examination of 360 farmed specimens of P. vannamei (30 examined each month), the species with highest infestation were Epistylis sp., (prevalence range = 22–100%; MII range = 13 ± 28–126 ± 124) and Zoothamnium sp. (0–87%; 0–144 ± 132). For both species, the highest values occurred during the rainy season. A total of 288 wild specimens of P. brasiliensis plus 120 of P. duorarum obtained during three recognized seasons—dry (February to May), rainy (June to September), and north-wind (October to January)—had ciliate infestations that were significantly lower than those from farmed shrimp. For P. brasiliensis , the ciliate species with the highest infestation values were Zoothamnium sp. (0–66%; 0.03 ± 0.2–66 ± 92), while on P. duorarum , were for Epistylis sp. (0–46%; 0–8 ± 16). Using multiple linear regression, we found significant relationships between stocking density, survival, temperature, turbidity and intensity of infestation of the ciliates. However, the regression only accounted for 11–26% of the variance ( R 2 ), meaning that there are still other environmental and biological variables that should be included to increase the reliability of the model. Thus, the physicochemical conditions of the farm increase the probability of ciliate transmission, especially during the rainy season.
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Two new species of Epistylis (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) on the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) in the Gulf of Mexico.
The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, 2006Co-Authors: Robin M. OverstreetAbstract:Two epibiotic peritrichs infested the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, from the Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi, USA. Epistylis callinectes n. sp. was isolated from the epipods of maxillipeds, bases of gill-cleaning setae, and gills, and Epistylis clampi n. sp. was isolated from the exterior surfaces of the exoskeleton. Epistylis callinectes has short, symmetrically and dichotomously branched stalks; its zooid is elongate ovoid and conspicuously longer than the individual stalk branches, measuring 40-57 (49) x 18-33 (26) microm in vivo and containing a thick, undivided peristomial lip (PL). It has a single contractile vacuole and a transverse horseshoe-shaped macronucleus. Its haplokinety (H) and polykinety (Po) complete one and one-half circuits on the peristome before entering the infundibulum. There is a distal kinetal fragment present at the distal end of both the H and Po. Epistylis callinectes has 48-70 transverse silverlines from the oral area to the trochal band (TB) and 19-26 from the TB to the scopula. Epistylis clampi has long, asymmetrically, and dichotomously branched stalks. Its zooid is elongate vase-shaped, measuring 35-64 (48) x 21-30 (27) microm in vivo and with a thick, transversely folded PL. The stalks supporting zooids are unequal in length. Its zooid has a single contractile vacuole and a transverse horseshoe-shaped macronucleus occurs in the upper half of the body. Its H and Po complete approximately one circuit around the peristome before entering the infundibulum. There is a distal kinetal fragment present at the distal end of both the H and Po. This species has 71-112 transverse silverlines from the peristome to the scopula.
Alan Warren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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morphology and molecular phylogeny of three Epistylis species found in freshwater habitats in china including the description of e foissneri n sp ciliophora peritrichia
European Journal of Protistology, 2021Co-Authors: Tengteng Zhang, Jun Hou, Alan WarrenAbstract:Abstract The peritrich genus Epistylis is speciose, however many species lack complete morphological description based on modern criteria and/or molecular data. In the present study, one new species, i.e., E. foissneri n. sp., and two morphologically similar species, i.e., E. hentscheli Kahl, 1935 and E. vaginula Stokes, 1884, collected from freshwater habitats in China, were studied. Epistylis foissneri n. sp. is characterized by its extremely slender zooids encased in a gelatinous sheath, symmetrically dichotomously branched stalk, trochal band located at mid-body, contractile vacuole located on dorsal wall of infundibulum, infundibular polykinety 3 (P3) composed of three equal-length rows that terminate above infundibular polykinety 1 (P1), 105–110 silverlines between the peristome and the trochal band, and about 110 silverlines between the trochal band and the scopula. Epistylis hentscheli is characterized by its asymmetric pyriform zooids (average length ca. 160 μm in vivo), dichotomously branched stalk with transverse striations on the surface of the upper portion, P3 three-rowed and terminating slightly above P1, 60–75 silverlines between the peristome and the trochal band, and 55–90 silverlines between the trochal band and the scopula. Epistylis vaginula is characterized by its elongated body shape (about 100 μm in length in vivo), dichotomously branched and smooth stalk, P3 three-rowed and terminating above P1, 80–100 silverlines between the peristome and the trochal band, and 45–80 silverlines between the trochal band and the scopula. The small subunit ribosomal DNA gene (SSU rDNA) of these three species was sequenced and supported the validity of each. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequence data revealed that all three morphospecies group with other congeners within the major clade of Epistylis.
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morphology and molecular analyses of four epibiotic peritrichs on crustacean and polychaete hosts including descriptions of two new species ciliophora peritrichia
European Journal of Protistology, 2020Co-Authors: Zhuo Shen, Alan Warren, Qianqian Zhang, Weibo SongAbstract:Four epibiotic sessilid peritrichs, i.e., Zoothamnium wilberti n. sp., Baikalonis microdiscus n. sp., Epistylis anastatica (Linnaeus, 1767) Ehrenberg, 1830, and Rhabdostyla commensalisMobius, 1888, were isolated from one syllid polychaete and three crustacean hosts in Qingdao, China. For each species, specimens were observed both in vivo and following silver staining. Their SSU rDNA was also sequenced for phylogenetic analyses. Zoothamnium wilberti n. sp. is characterized by the appearance of its colony, which is up to 350 μm high, and usually has fewer than 16 zooids, and the dichotomously branched stalk with transverse wrinkles, the conspicuously conical peristomial disc, and infundibular polykinety 3 comprising three isometric ciliary rows. Baikalonis microdiscus n. sp. can be recognized by its barrel-shaped zooid, small peristomial disc, smooth and short stalk, and its unusual infundibular polykinety 3 comprising a long inner row and a short outer row. Two poorly known species, i.e., Epistylis anastatica and Rhabdostyla commensalis, are redescribed and redefined. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that: (i) R. commensalis is closely related to the family Astylozoidae rather than to the morphologically similar Epistylididae; (ii) B. microdiscus n. sp. is sister to the family Scyphidiidae; (iii) E. anastatica groups with vorticellids and ophrydiids, which further supports the polyphyly of the genus Epistylis; and (iv) Z. wilberti n. sp. is nested within the Zoothamniidae, as expected.
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Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Two Freshwater Peritrich Ciliates, Epistylis chlorelligerum Shen 1980 and Epistylis chrysemydis Bishop and Jahn 1941 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia).
The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, 2015Co-Authors: Chuanqi Jiang, Xinlu Shi, Guijie Liu, Yu Jiang, Alan WarrenAbstract:Two populations of Epistylis chlorelligerum Shen 1980, a colonial limnetic peritrich ciliate, were collected from different locations in China: E. chlorelligerum 1 from West Lake, Hangzhou; E. chlorelligerum 2 from East Lake, Wuhan. The morphology, infraciliature and SSU rRNA gene sequence of the two populations were investigated based on living and protargol-stained specimens. Although both populations are consistent with previous descriptions of protargol-stained specimens of this species, some differences in the morphology in vivo were observed. The two populations had identical SSU rRNA gene sequences. A second species, Epistylis chrysemydis Bishop and Jahn 1941, was also collected from East Lake, Wuhan, and was investigated for its morphology, infraciliature and SSU rRNA gene sequence. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA gene sequence data indicate that the two populations of E. chlorelligerum are nested within the Epistylididae clade near E. wenrichi and E. urceolata. Epistylis chrysemydis is sister to the group comprising E. chlorelligerum, E. wenrichi, and E. urceolata.
Laura R. P. Utz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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host parasite relationship during Epistylis sp ciliophora epistylididae infestation in farmed cichlid and pimelodid fish
Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 2016Co-Authors: Santiago Benites De Padua, Laura R. P. Utz, Mauricio Laterca Martins, Gustavo Moraes Ramos Valladao, Fernando Jose Zara, Marcia Mayumi Ishikawa, Marco Antonio De Andrade BeloAbstract:The objective of this work was to describe the host‑ Epistylis sp. relationship during infestation on farmed fish. Five Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) and ten hybrid surubim catfish ( Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x P. corruscans ), all diseased, were used for in vivo morphological analysis of sessile peritrichs by contrast microscopy. Fragments of infected tissues were subjected to histological processing and scanning electron microscopy. Epistylis sp. caused hemorrhagic ulcer disease, and cichlids were more prone to develop infestations throughout the body surface due to the attachment of the colonies to the scales, which did not occur with pimelodids. Multifocal granulomatous dermatitis was observed, associated with the hydropic degeneration of the epithelium and to ulcerative areas of necrosis. Microscopic examination showed the presence of bacterial microflora associated to Epistylis sp. peduncles. Therefore, this species can be considered a portal of entry for opportunistic bacteria.
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Description of Epistylis riograndensis n.sp. (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) found in an
2016Co-Authors: Laura R. P. Utz, Eduarda Correa Freitas, Ana Carolina, Silva Rodrigues Farias, Gabriella Oliveira, De AraújoAbstract:Epistylis riograndensis n. sp., a freshwater peritrich hosting symbiotic algae in its cytoplasm, was collected from an arti-ficial lake, in a Botanical garden in Southern Brazil. Its detailed morphology was investigated using live and silver-stained specimens. The colonial sessile E. riograndensis has elongate zooids measuring, on average, 162 μm in length and 45 μm in width. A single contractile vacuole located near the infundibulum and a C-shaped macronucleus located transversely in the adoral half of the cell were also observed. The oral infraciliature revealed in silver-stained specimens was typical of peritrich ciliates. Three infundibular polykineties consisting of 3 rows of kinetosomes were observed. Molecular analy-ses of 18s rDNA placed E. riograndensis among other Epistylis species in the Order Vorticellida
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Epistylis portoalegrensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Peritrichia): A New Freshwater Ciliate Species from Southern Brazil
The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, 2015Co-Authors: Steffen Kühner, Taiz L. L. Simão, Lúcia S. L. Safi, Eduardo Eizirik, Fernanda Benedetto Gazulha, Laura R. P. UtzAbstract:The peritrich ciliate Epistylis portoalegrensis n. sp. was found in two bodies of freshwater located in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. Morphological features were investigated using live and protargol-stained specimens. The zooids presented a vase to cylindrical shape narrowed at the scopula, and a mean size of 131 × 37 μm in vivo. A C-shaped macronucleus lay in the middle of the cell close to a single contractile vacuole. The oral infraciliature was typical for the genus, with all infundibular polykineties composed by three distinct rows of kinetosomes. Colonies are often nonbranched with no lateral stalk, carrying several zooids stemming from a single point. Specimens from the two sampling sites showed identical arrangement of the infraciliature, similar morphometry, identical 18S rDNA sequences, and a single nucleotide difference across the more variable ITS regions. Molecular phylogenetic analyses placed E. portoalegrensis in a well-supported clade containing other Epistylis species, within the order Vorticellida.
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Description of Epistylis riograndensis n.sp. (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) found in an artificial lake in Southern Brazil.
Zootaxa, 2014Co-Authors: Laura R. P. Utz, Ana Carolina Silva Rodrigues Farias, Eduarda Correa Freitas, Gabriella Oliveira De AraujoAbstract:Epistylis riograndensis n. sp., a freshwater peritrich hosting symbiotic algae in its cytoplasm, was collected from an artificial lake, in a Botanical garden in Southern Brazil. Its detailed morphology was investigated using live and silver-stained specimens. The colonial sessile E. riograndensis has elongate zooids measuring, on average, 162 μm in length and 45 μm in width. A single contractile vacuole located near the infundibulum and a C-shaped macronucleus located transversely in the adoral half of the cell were also observed. The oral infraciliature revealed in silver-stained specimens was typical of peritrich ciliates. Three infundibular polykineties consisting of 3 rows of kinetosomes were observed. Molecular analyses of 18s rDNA placed E. riograndensis among other Epistylis species in the Order Vorticellida.
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Expanded phylogenetic representation of genera Opercularia and Epistylis sheds light on the evolution and higher-level taxonomy of peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora: Peritrichia).
The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Laura R. P. Utz, Taiz L. L. Simão, Lúcia S. L. Safi, Eduardo EizirikAbstract:We have generated 18S rRNA sequences for peritrichs collected in Brazil, including four Opercularia species, two different populations of Epistylis plicatilis (one epibiont and another free-living), and one additional Epistylis species. Our Opercularia species clustered with the previously available Opercularia microdiscum, corroborating the monophyly of this genus. The Epistylis sampled here clustered with previously sequenced species of this genus. The two populations of E. plicatilis collected in Brazil clustered closely together despite their different ecological contexts, whereas both were very divergent from the sample assigned to the same species previously sampled in China. If affirmed by additional morphological corroboration of species assignment, this observation would indicate that samples from different continents morphologically allocated in the same species may in fact belong to distant evolutionary lineages. More broadly, our results support the recognition of two major clades within Peritrichia. Given the robustness of their support, we suggest that these two clades should be formally recognized as orders, and propose the names Vorticellida and Operculariida to designate them. Furthermore, Epistylis species occurred in both orders, tending to occupy basal positions. This suggests that characters used to define this genus may be plesiomorphic for Peritrichia, so that Epistylis may in fact represent an assemblage of basal species retaining ancestral features.
