The Experts below are selected from a list of 159 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Leonard V Petrus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the anterior Epitympanic Recess ct anatomy and pathology
American Journal of Neuroradiology, 1997Co-Authors: Leonard V PetrusAbstract:PURPOSE: To describe the variation in size and shape of the anterior Epitympanic Recess and to discuss pathologic processes that affect this space. METHODS: Axial CT scans of the temporal bones of 31 adults and 19 children were reviewed retrospectively to ascertain the morphology and size of the anterior Epitympanic Recess. Selected confirmed disease processes involving this space were studied. RESULTS: The anterior Epitympanic Recess, which is consistently identified on axial CT scans, is either single or multicelled. In our study, it was made up of a solitary cell in 61 of 100 ears. Side-to-side symmetry in shape was present in 78 of 100 cases. The size of a solitary air cell ranged from 1.0 to 7.0 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The configuration of the anterior Epitympanic Recess is readily affected by a persistent stapedial artery, by facial nerve schwannomas, by hemangiomas of the facial nerve canal in the geniculate region, and by congenital and acquired cholesteatomas. Familiarity with the CT anatomy of this space facilitates recognition of these pathologic processes at an early stage.
Ewan St. J. Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Middle ear cavities of bathyergids.
2016Co-Authors: Matthew J. Mason, Hannah L. Cornwall, Ewan St. J. SmithAbstract:WinSurf reconstructions of the left middle ear cavities and associated structures in four species of bathyergids (Heterocephalus glaber, Fukomys micklemi, Cryptomys hottentotus and Georychus capensis), from lateral and slightly anterior views. The walls of the middle ear cavities are shown semitranslucent. Positions of the tympanic membranes are indicated by brown shading. The Epitympanic Recess is colour-coded red, the dorsal mastoid cavity blue and the ventral mastoid cavity green. The ossicles are yellow. The posteromedial mastoid cavity, present only in Heterocephalus, is not visible in this view. The posterior parts of the middle ear cavities of the other species extend into the mastoid region and are equivalent to the ventral mastoid cavity of Heterocephalus, but they lack constricted entrances and so have not been separately coloured. Not to scale. APSC = ampulla for posterior semicircular canal; ASC = anterior semicircular canal; C = cochlea; DMC = dorsal mastoid cavity; ED = bony tube for endolymphatic duct; ER = Epitympanic Recess; FP = footplate of stapes; HM = head of malleus; LA = lenticular apophysis of incus; LPI = long process of incus; LSC = lateral semicircular canal; MI = malleoincus; MM = manubrium of malleus; OW = oval window; PC = posterior crus of stapes; PD = bony tube for perilymphatic duct (canaliculus cochleae); PMC = posteromedial mastoid cavity; PSC = posterior semicircular canal; RW = round window; SPI = short process of incus; TC = tympanic cavity; TM = tympanic membrane; TT = tensor tympani tendon; V = vestibule of inner ear; VMC = ventral mastoid cavity.
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Bony labyrinths and mastoid cavities of Heterocephalus.
2016Co-Authors: Matthew J. Mason, Hannah L. Cornwall, Ewan St. J. SmithAbstract:WinSurf reconstructions of the left bony labyrinths and mastoid cavities of three Heterocephalus specimens of different ages, seen from approximately posterior views. In the youngest specimen on the left, coloured arrows indicate the future directions of expansion of the middle ear cavity into the mastoid region. Blue = dorsal mastoid cavity; green = ventral mastoid cavity; orange = posteromedial mastoid cavity. The 38-month-old specimen had smaller mastoid cavities than many younger specimens, so this diagram should not be taken to indicate a strict temporal sequence. APSC = ampulla for posterior semicircular canal; ASC = anterior semicircular canal; C = cochlea; DMC = dorsal mastoid cavity; ED = bony tube for endolymphatic duct; ER = Epitympanic Recess; FP = footplate of stapes; HM = head of malleus; LA = lenticular apophysis of incus; LPI = long process of incus; LSC = lateral semicircular canal; MI = malleoincus; MM = manubrium of malleus; OW = oval window; PC = posterior crus of stapes; PD = bony tube for perilymphatic duct (canaliculus cochleae); PMC = posteromedial mastoid cavity; PSC = posterior semicircular canal; RW = round window; SPI = short process of incus; TC = tympanic cavity; TM = tympanic membrane; TT = tensor tympani tendon; V = vestibule of inner ear; VMC = ventral mastoid cavity.
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Middle ear structures of Heterocephalus.
2016Co-Authors: Matthew J. Mason, Hannah L. Cornwall, Ewan St. J. SmithAbstract:A: Photomicrograph of a dissected left ear of an adult Heterocephalus (54 months), medial view. The malleus, incus and tympanic membrane are visible; the stapes and tensor tympani muscle have been removed. Scale bar 1 mm. B: Tomogram section through the left malleus of an adult mole-rat (65 months), posterior view. Note the difference between the compact bone which forms the head and the spongy bone which forms the manubrium. The tensor tympani tendon is also visible. Scale bar 0.5 mm. APSC = ampulla for posterior semicircular canal; ASC = anterior semicircular canal; C = cochlea; DMC = dorsal mastoid cavity; ED = bony tube for endolymphatic duct; ER = Epitympanic Recess; FP = footplate of stapes; HM = head of malleus; LA = lenticular apophysis of incus; LPI = long process of incus; LSC = lateral semicircular canal; MI = malleoincus; MM = manubrium of malleus; OW = oval window; PC = posterior crus of stapes; PD = bony tube for perilymphatic duct (canaliculus cochleae); PMC = posteromedial mastoid cavity; PSC = posterior semicircular canal; RW = round window; SPI = short process of incus; TC = tympanic cavity; TM = tympanic membrane; TT = tensor tympani tendon; V = vestibule of inner ear; VMC = ventral mastoid cavity.
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Bony labyrinths of three bathyergid species.
2016Co-Authors: Matthew J. Mason, Hannah L. Cornwall, Ewan St. J. SmithAbstract:WinSurf reconstructions of the left bony labyrinths of Heterocephalus glaber, Cryptomys hottentotus and Fukomys micklemi, seen from approximately lateral (left column), posterior (middle column) and medial (right column) views. Grey shading has been added to indicate the positions of the openings into the labyrinth. The stapedes are shown in yellow. Note that Heterocephalus has fewer cochlear turns than Cryptomys and Fukomys. The lateral semicircular canal of Heterocephalus reaches the vestibule directly, whereas in Fukomys it merges with the ampulla of the posterior canal; the condition in Cryptomys is intermediate. Not to scale. APSC = ampulla for posterior semicircular canal; ASC = anterior semicircular canal; C = cochlea; DMC = dorsal mastoid cavity; ED = bony tube for endolymphatic duct; ER = Epitympanic Recess; FP = footplate of stapes; HM = head of malleus; LA = lenticular apophysis of incus; LPI = long process of incus; LSC = lateral semicircular canal; MI = malleoincus; MM = manubrium of malleus; OW = oval window; PC = posterior crus of stapes; PD = bony tube for perilymphatic duct (canaliculus cochleae); PMC = posteromedial mastoid cavity; PSC = posterior semicircular canal; RW = round window; SPI = short process of incus; TC = tympanic cavity; TM = tympanic membrane; TT = tensor tympani tendon; V = vestibule of inner ear; VMC = ventral mastoid cavity.
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Auditory ossicles of bathyergids.
2016Co-Authors: Matthew J. Mason, Hannah L. Cornwall, Ewan St. J. SmithAbstract:Left auditory ossicles of bathyergid mole-rats, drawn to scale. The mallei and incudes, which are fused in these animals, are shown from an internal view in each case, the stapedes from a dorsal view. A: Heterocephalus glaber; B: Fukomys micklemi; C: Heliophobius argenteocinereus; D: Bathyergus suillus; E: Georychus capensis; F: Cryptomys hottentotus. Two stapedes are shown for Heterocephalus: the lower one comes from a neonate and has a small intercrural foramen and a cartilaginous head and neck (indicated by a dashed outline). Two stapedes are also shown for Cryptomys, in this case illustrating individual variation in the adult ossicle. Scale bar 2 mm. APSC = ampulla for posterior semicircular canal; ASC = anterior semicircular canal; C = cochlea; DMC = dorsal mastoid cavity; ED = bony tube for endolymphatic duct; ER = Epitympanic Recess; FP = footplate of stapes; HM = head of malleus; LA = lenticular apophysis of incus; LPI = long process of incus; LSC = lateral semicircular canal; MI = malleoincus; MM = manubrium of malleus; OW = oval window; PC = posterior crus of stapes; PD = bony tube for perilymphatic duct (canaliculus cochleae); PMC = posteromedial mastoid cavity; PSC = posterior semicircular canal; RW = round window; SPI = short process of incus; TC = tympanic cavity; TM = tympanic membrane; TT = tensor tympani tendon; V = vestibule of inner ear; VMC = ventral mastoid cavity.
Livio Presutti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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CT morphological evaluation of anterior Epitympanic Recess in patients with attic cholesteatoma
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2009Co-Authors: Daniele Marchioni, Francesco Mattioli, Milena Cobelli, Alessandra Todeschini, Matteo Alicandri-ciufelli, Livio PresuttiAbstract:The objective of this study is to analyze the possible variations in size and shape of the AER in the ear affected by acquired cholesteatoma versus the healthy ear in the same patient. A total of 22 patients affected by acquired cholesteatoma were included in our study. A CT morphological evaluation of both ears (pathologic and non-pathologic) was made. Measures of the AER were done, on axial plane, parallel to incudomalleal axis for the deepest anterior-to-posterior (AP) diameter and perpendicular to this line for the maximum transverse (T) diameter, selecting the most inferior cut that showed the Cog in its entirety. A third superior–inferior (SI) measure was done, on coronal plane from the tegmen tympani to the cochleariform process. Comparisons between the mean of AP, T and SI in affected ears versus non-affected have been carried out using a paired t test. The AER measurement was considerably smaller in affected ears than in the non-affected ones. Mean AP ± DS was 5.1 (1.46) versus 3.1 (0.90), P values
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ct morphological evaluation of anterior Epitympanic Recess in patients with attic cholesteatoma
European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology, 2009Co-Authors: Daniele Marchioni, Francesco Mattioli, Milena Cobelli, Alessandra Todeschini, Matteo Alicandriciufelli, Livio PresuttiAbstract:The objective of this study is to analyze the possible variations in size and shape of the AER in the ear affected by acquired cholesteatoma versus the healthy ear in the same patient. A total of 22 patients affected by acquired cholesteatoma were included in our study. A CT morphological evaluation of both ears (pathologic and non-pathologic) was made. Measures of the AER were done, on axial plane, parallel to incudomalleal axis for the deepest anterior-to-posterior (AP) diameter and perpendicular to this line for the maximum transverse (T) diameter, selecting the most inferior cut that showed the Cog in its entirety. A third superior–inferior (SI) measure was done, on coronal plane from the tegmen tympani to the cochleariform process. Comparisons between the mean of AP, T and SI in affected ears versus non-affected have been carried out using a paired t test. The AER measurement was considerably smaller in affected ears than in the non-affected ones. Mean AP ± DS was 5.1 (1.46) versus 3.1 (0.90), P values <0.0001. Mean T ± DS was 4.1 (0.74) versus 3.2 (0.74), P values <0.0014. Mean SI ± DS was 4.0 (1.01) versus 2.0 (0.82), P values <0.0001. In conclusion, based on our results, the AER in an affected ear seems smaller than in a non-affected one. Whether a hypovolumetric AER could be a congenital morphological condition predisposing cholesteatoma despite adequate aeration of the Epitympanic compartment, on the contrary the presence of membranous and/or ligamentous folds could exclude the AER from the posterior Epitympanic space and from the protympanum, predisposing it for attical dysventilation, should be clarified in further studies.
Thomas Martin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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“Septal compass” and “septal formula”: a new method for phylogenetic investigations of the middle ear region in the squirrel-related clade (Rodentia: Mammalia)
Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2015Co-Authors: Cathrin Pfaff, Thomas MartinAbstract:Here, we introduce the “septal compass” and the “septal formula” as a new method for phylogenetic investigations of the middle ear region in squirrel-related clade. The middle ear cavity is characterized by bony septa that divide the dorsally lying Epitympanic Recess and the ventrally lying tympanic cavity into several segments or diverticula. The distribution patterns of these septa are conservative among the squirrel-related clade and are restricted to the species, genus, and family level. In the studied outgroups represented by † Ischyromys typus and lagomorphs, no septa are found in the Epitympanic Recess and tympanic cavity. Therefore, the “septal compass” and the “septal formula” provide a new approach for phylogenetic interpretations of the middle ear region. It is user-optimized and can be modified for other rodent families and mammalian taxa and will facilitate phylogenetic assumptions in future investigations. Additionally, this method will enable the allocation of isolated tympanic bullae to the respective genus level.
Rashmi Dixit - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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HRCT imaging of acquired cholesteatoma: a pictorial review
Insights into Imaging, 2019Co-Authors: Malvika Gulati, Swati Gupta, Anjali Prakash, Anju Garg, Rashmi DixitAbstract:Chronically discharging ear is a common cause of morbidity in developing countries, and it is also associated with intratemporal and intracranial complications. The surgeon is often able to detect the disease. However, cholesteatoma in the “hidden areas” like anterior Epitympanic Recess and sinus tympani can be missed. Facial nerve involvement and cholesteatomatous erosion of the bony labyrinth are dreaded complications, the extent of which cannot be assessed completely on clinical examination. Adding to the complexity are the various variations in anatomy like high riding jugular bulb and aberrant internal carotid artery which could lead to catastrophic complications during surgery if left undetected preoperatively. HRCT temporal bone is useful to detect the extent of the disease, various complications, and guide the surgeon for pre-operative planning. In this review, we go through the various HRCT imaging features of acquired cholesteatoma, a reporting template, and a few words about imaging of the post-operative ear.