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Chad P Bown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trade policy under the gatt wto empirical evidence of the Equal Treatment rule
Canadian Journal of Economics, 2004Co-Authors: Chad P BownAbstract:. A fundamental difference between multilateral trade agreements like the GATT and WTO and a preferential agreement is the multilateral agreements’ inclusion of a most-favoured-nation principle. Though MFN requires that members implement policies that provide Equal Treatment to all GATT/WTO countries, how far do members actually follow the MFN principle when so required? We empirically investigate a sample of GATT/WTO trade disputes and the effect of successful dispute settlement negotiations on the disputed product trade of third country exporters to the defendant country. We document evidence of trade liberalization consistent with defendant countries successfully applying the Equal Treatment rule. JEL classification F13 Politique commerciale sous le regime GATT/OMC : resultats empiriques de la regle du traitement equivalent. Une difference fondamentale entre les accords commerciaux multilateraux comme le GATT ou l’OMC et un accord preferentiel est que dans le premier cas on fait appel au principe de la nation la plus favorisee. Meme si ce principe requiert que les membres mettent en place des politiques qui assurent un traitement equivalent a tous les pays de l’accord GATT/OMC, reste a savoir jusqu’a quel point les membres se soumettent a ce principe quand c’est requis. Ce memoire etudie la question en faisant enquete sur un echantillon de disputes commerciales autour d’accords de type GATT/OMC, et sur l’effet du succes des negociations dans la resolution de conflit sur le commerce du produit au caeur de la dispute en provenance de pays tiers exportant vers le pays qui se defend. On montre que les resultats de la liberalisation du commerce sont consistants avec l’application de la regle du traitement equivalent par les pays qui se defendent.
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trade policy under the gatt wto empirical evidence of the Equal Treatment rule
Canadian Journal of Economics, 2004Co-Authors: Chad P BownAbstract:A fundamental difference between multilateral trade agreements like the GATT and WTO and a preferential agreement is the multilateral agreements' inclusion of a most-favoured-nation principle. Though MFN requires that members implement policies that provide Equal Treatment to all GATT-WTO countries, how far do members actually follow the MFN principle when so required? We empirically investigate a sample of GATT-WTO trade disputes and the effect of successful dispute settlement negotiations on the disputed product trade of third country exporters to the defendant country. We document evidence of trade liberalization consistent with defendant countries successfully applying the Equal Treatment rule.
Dorte Sindbjerg Martinsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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free movement and Equal Treatment in an unEqual union
Social Science Research Network, 2018Co-Authors: Susanne K. Schmidt, Michael Blauberger, Dorte Sindbjerg MartinsenAbstract:The European Union’s (EU) fundamental principles of free movement of persons and non-discrimination have long challenged the traditional closure of the welfare state. Whereas the relationship between the EU and the welfare state appeared largely reconciled before the grand enlargement of 2004, economic downturn and politicisation question the nexus anew. This collection explores the current dynamics, scope and limits of free movement and welfare Equal Treatment for EU citizens on the move. The different contributions bring together the normative, legal and political developments and about-turns which dynamically square the circle of pan-European social solidarity. The collection covers the new politics of EU cross-border welfare but also the structuring role of the European Court of Justice. It includes the political economy of free movement as well as its outputs and outcomes in selected member states. Finally, it analyses the mechanisms that activate attitudinal polarisation on intra-EU migration and welfare.
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free movement and Equal Treatment in an unEqual union
Journal of European Public Policy, 2018Co-Authors: Susanne K. Schmidt, Michael Blauberger, Dorte Sindbjerg MartinsenAbstract:The European Union’s (EU) fundamental principles of free movement of persons and non-discrimination have long challenged the traditional closure of the welfare state. Whereas the relationship betwe...
Andy Snell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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downward real wage rigidity and Equal Treatment wage contracts theory and evidence
2018Co-Authors: Andy Snell, Heiko Stuber, Jonathan P ThomasAbstract:Recent dynamic contracting models of downward real wage rigidity with "Equal Treatment" – newly hired workers cannot price themselves into jobs by undercutting incumbents – imply that real wages are relatively rigid in "bad" times but upwardly flexible during "good" times. We use an administrative panel dataset to establish that such asymmetries are a feature of West German labor markets. We find that the elasticity of real wages with respect to output is very close to zero in downswings but large and highly significant in upswings. In a separate analysis we find that after controlling for match fixed effects the cyclicality of new hire wages is approximately the same as that for incumbent wages regardless of whether or not they joined the establishment from unemployment This is supportive of Equal Treatment. We also show that a four parameter version of the Equal Treatment contracting model of Snell and Thomas (2010) can replicate reasonably well the salient time series properties and co-properties of real wages, output, and unemployment, in particular the asymmetric response of wages to output that we find in the data.
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downward real wage rigidity and Equal Treatment wage contracts evidence from germany
VfS Annual Conference 2014 (Hamburg): Evidence-based Economic Policy, 2014Co-Authors: Heiko Stuber, Andy SnellAbstract:Theoretical models of downward real wage rigidity generate asymmetric wage cyclicality with real wages being rigid in "bad" times but upwardly flexible during "good". In this paper we use an administrative panel dataset from Germany to establish that such asymmetries are very salient in Germany. We find that the semi elasticity of real wages with respect to unemployment is very close to zero when unemployment is above its long term average but large and highly significant when below. We also find that Equal Treatment - where new hires are exposed to the same cyclicality as incumbents - is supported in our data. Equal Treatment is a central driver of downwardly rigid wages in many contracting models (e.g., Hall, 2005; Gertler and Trigari, 2009; Snell and Thomas, 2010). We find that an Equal Treatment model in which wages are smoothed by firms can generate the asymmetric wage cyclicality found in the panel data. The model also can match most of the properties of wages and unemployment. It cannot however match the persistence of the German unemployment rate. We conjecture that extending the model to allow for search frictions and/or adjustment costs may rectify this deficiency.
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labor contracts Equal Treatment and wage unemployment dynamics
American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2010Co-Authors: Andy Snell, Jonathan P ThomasAbstract:This paper analyses a model in which firms cannot pay discriminate based on year of entry to a firm, and develops an equilibrium model of wage dynamics and unemployment. The model is developed under the assumption of worker mobility, so that workers can costlessly quit jobs at any time. Firms on the other hand are committed to contracts. Thus the model is related to Beaudry and DiNardo (1991). We solve for the dynamics of wages and unemployment, and show that real wages do not necessarily clear the labour market. Using sectoral productivity data from the post-war US economy, we assess the ability of the model to match actual unemployment and wage series. We also show that Equal Treatment follows in our model from the assumption of at-will employment contracting.
Jonathan P Thomas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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downward real wage rigidity and Equal Treatment wage contracts theory and evidence
2018Co-Authors: Andy Snell, Heiko Stuber, Jonathan P ThomasAbstract:Recent dynamic contracting models of downward real wage rigidity with "Equal Treatment" – newly hired workers cannot price themselves into jobs by undercutting incumbents – imply that real wages are relatively rigid in "bad" times but upwardly flexible during "good" times. We use an administrative panel dataset to establish that such asymmetries are a feature of West German labor markets. We find that the elasticity of real wages with respect to output is very close to zero in downswings but large and highly significant in upswings. In a separate analysis we find that after controlling for match fixed effects the cyclicality of new hire wages is approximately the same as that for incumbent wages regardless of whether or not they joined the establishment from unemployment This is supportive of Equal Treatment. We also show that a four parameter version of the Equal Treatment contracting model of Snell and Thomas (2010) can replicate reasonably well the salient time series properties and co-properties of real wages, output, and unemployment, in particular the asymmetric response of wages to output that we find in the data.
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labor contracts Equal Treatment and wage unemployment dynamics
American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2010Co-Authors: Andy Snell, Jonathan P ThomasAbstract:This paper analyses a model in which firms cannot pay discriminate based on year of entry to a firm, and develops an equilibrium model of wage dynamics and unemployment. The model is developed under the assumption of worker mobility, so that workers can costlessly quit jobs at any time. Firms on the other hand are committed to contracts. Thus the model is related to Beaudry and DiNardo (1991). We solve for the dynamics of wages and unemployment, and show that real wages do not necessarily clear the labour market. Using sectoral productivity data from the post-war US economy, we assess the ability of the model to match actual unemployment and wage series. We also show that Equal Treatment follows in our model from the assumption of at-will employment contracting.
Susanne K. Schmidt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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free movement and Equal Treatment in an unEqual union
Social Science Research Network, 2018Co-Authors: Susanne K. Schmidt, Michael Blauberger, Dorte Sindbjerg MartinsenAbstract:The European Union’s (EU) fundamental principles of free movement of persons and non-discrimination have long challenged the traditional closure of the welfare state. Whereas the relationship between the EU and the welfare state appeared largely reconciled before the grand enlargement of 2004, economic downturn and politicisation question the nexus anew. This collection explores the current dynamics, scope and limits of free movement and welfare Equal Treatment for EU citizens on the move. The different contributions bring together the normative, legal and political developments and about-turns which dynamically square the circle of pan-European social solidarity. The collection covers the new politics of EU cross-border welfare but also the structuring role of the European Court of Justice. It includes the political economy of free movement as well as its outputs and outcomes in selected member states. Finally, it analyses the mechanisms that activate attitudinal polarisation on intra-EU migration and welfare.
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free movement and Equal Treatment in an unEqual union
Journal of European Public Policy, 2018Co-Authors: Susanne K. Schmidt, Michael Blauberger, Dorte Sindbjerg MartinsenAbstract:The European Union’s (EU) fundamental principles of free movement of persons and non-discrimination have long challenged the traditional closure of the welfare state. Whereas the relationship betwe...