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Arican Mustafa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Comparasion of Laboratory and Cardiopulmonary Effects of Desflurane, Detomidine and Medetomidine Anaesthetic Combinations in Horses
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017Co-Authors: Erol Hanifi, Arican MustafaAbstract:Background: Equine Anesthesia morbidity and mortality rates are greater than in other domestic animals because of hypotension and hypoventilation. The important features desired in general Anesthesia for horses are a rapid effect, rapid emergence and balanced Anesthesia. The long duration of action of currently used anesthetic agents cause various complications in horses. The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical effects of combination of the anesthetics desflurane, detomidine and medetomidine in horses.Materials, Methods & Results: Eight healthy mixed-breed horses (four males and four females) with weighing 275 ± 56 kg [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] and aged 6.8 ± 5 years [(mean ± SD)] were used for this study. The horses were placed into one of four groups: group I (detomidine-desflurane), group II (detomidine-desflurane-atipamezole), group III (medetomidinedesflurane), or group IV (medetomidine-desflurane-atipamezole). Horses were rested for 15 days before each group starts to study. Intravenous detomidine (25 µg/kg) was used for premedication in groups I and II, and intravenous medetomidine (7 µg/ kg) was used for premedication in groups III and IV. Ketamine hydrocholoride (2 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.03 mg/kg) were intravenously administered in the same syringe to induce Anesthesia. After induction of Anesthesia, horses were placed in the left lateral recumbent position, and the trachea was intubated with a cuffed endotracheal tube with an internal diameter of 28 mm. The endotracheal tube was attached to a large animal circle breathing system Anesthesia machine, and Anesthesia was maintained with desflurane for 90 min. The initial dosage of desflurane was 14% + 4 L O2/min, and was reduced by 2% every 10 min over the first 30 min of Anesthesia. After 30 min, the desflurane dose was changed to 8% + 4 L, which was maintained until the end of Anesthesia (90 min). After 90 min, the administration of desflurane was discontinued, and all animals were supported by O2, with groups II and IV receiving 0.06 mg/kg atipamezole in addition to oxygen. Anaesthetic action times, hematological parameters, blood gas levels, electrolyte levels, biochemical values, electrocardiography values and end-tidal carbon dioxide volume were measured before, during, at the end of, and 24 h after Anesthesia.Discussion: In this study, medetomidine (7 µg/kg) and detomidine (25 µg/kg) were intravenously administered, which was adequate and suitable for sedating horses. At the end of Anesthesia, 0.06 mg/kg atipamezole was intravenously administered in groups II and IV. However, atipamezole did not affect the clinical parameters. Stress, excitement, fear, catecholamine exchange in blood circulation, hyperglycemia, and hypoxia can all cause changes in venous blood parameters. These are potential reasons for the changes in venous blood parameters (i.e., WBC and Hb) observed at the beginning of and during Anesthesia in the present study. During and after the anesthetic period, serum biochemical values can be different from baseline values. They are dependent on the effects of anesthetic agents. During Anesthesia, the decrease and increase of biochemical values stabilize the changes in the enzyme system that develops because of the effects of anesthetic agents. In the present study, it was considered that the changes in the biochemical values aimed to stabilize the changes induced by Anesthesia. Regarding the electrolyte parameters evaluated in the study, there was a statistical difference detected in Na values between 90 min after induction of Anesthesia and 24 h after induction of Anesthesia in group IV. However, in previous studies, the changes in Na values did not influence the cardiac pressure during general Anesthesia. In our study, significant changes were not seen in any electrolyte parameters except Na, and atrioventricular block was not detected in ECG traces. Generally, decreased ETCO2 levels are evidence of lung perfusion deficiency. It depends on the effects of anesthetic agents on the cardiopulmonary, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. In particular, the higher pressure and dose of desflurane supress respiratory system. Oxygen supplementation in general Anesthesia increases respiratory rate, but a-2 agonists and ketamine-midazolam effects can eliminate the increasing respiratory rate in general Anesthesia
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A Comparasion of Laboratory and Cardiopulmonary Effects of Desflurane, Detomidine and Medetomidine Anaesthetic Combinations in Horses
2017Co-Authors: Erol Hanifi, Arican MustafaAbstract:Background: Equine Anesthesia morbidity and mortality rates are greater than in other domestic animals because of hypotension and hypoventilation. The important features desired in general Anesthesia for horses are a rapid effect, rapid emergence and balanced Anesthesia. The long duration of action of currently used anesthetic agents cause various complications in horses. The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical effects of combination of the anesthetics desflurane, detomidine and medetomidine in horses
Erol Hanifi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Comparasion of Laboratory and Cardiopulmonary Effects of Desflurane, Detomidine and Medetomidine Anaesthetic Combinations in Horses
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017Co-Authors: Erol Hanifi, Arican MustafaAbstract:Background: Equine Anesthesia morbidity and mortality rates are greater than in other domestic animals because of hypotension and hypoventilation. The important features desired in general Anesthesia for horses are a rapid effect, rapid emergence and balanced Anesthesia. The long duration of action of currently used anesthetic agents cause various complications in horses. The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical effects of combination of the anesthetics desflurane, detomidine and medetomidine in horses.Materials, Methods & Results: Eight healthy mixed-breed horses (four males and four females) with weighing 275 ± 56 kg [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] and aged 6.8 ± 5 years [(mean ± SD)] were used for this study. The horses were placed into one of four groups: group I (detomidine-desflurane), group II (detomidine-desflurane-atipamezole), group III (medetomidinedesflurane), or group IV (medetomidine-desflurane-atipamezole). Horses were rested for 15 days before each group starts to study. Intravenous detomidine (25 µg/kg) was used for premedication in groups I and II, and intravenous medetomidine (7 µg/ kg) was used for premedication in groups III and IV. Ketamine hydrocholoride (2 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.03 mg/kg) were intravenously administered in the same syringe to induce Anesthesia. After induction of Anesthesia, horses were placed in the left lateral recumbent position, and the trachea was intubated with a cuffed endotracheal tube with an internal diameter of 28 mm. The endotracheal tube was attached to a large animal circle breathing system Anesthesia machine, and Anesthesia was maintained with desflurane for 90 min. The initial dosage of desflurane was 14% + 4 L O2/min, and was reduced by 2% every 10 min over the first 30 min of Anesthesia. After 30 min, the desflurane dose was changed to 8% + 4 L, which was maintained until the end of Anesthesia (90 min). After 90 min, the administration of desflurane was discontinued, and all animals were supported by O2, with groups II and IV receiving 0.06 mg/kg atipamezole in addition to oxygen. Anaesthetic action times, hematological parameters, blood gas levels, electrolyte levels, biochemical values, electrocardiography values and end-tidal carbon dioxide volume were measured before, during, at the end of, and 24 h after Anesthesia.Discussion: In this study, medetomidine (7 µg/kg) and detomidine (25 µg/kg) were intravenously administered, which was adequate and suitable for sedating horses. At the end of Anesthesia, 0.06 mg/kg atipamezole was intravenously administered in groups II and IV. However, atipamezole did not affect the clinical parameters. Stress, excitement, fear, catecholamine exchange in blood circulation, hyperglycemia, and hypoxia can all cause changes in venous blood parameters. These are potential reasons for the changes in venous blood parameters (i.e., WBC and Hb) observed at the beginning of and during Anesthesia in the present study. During and after the anesthetic period, serum biochemical values can be different from baseline values. They are dependent on the effects of anesthetic agents. During Anesthesia, the decrease and increase of biochemical values stabilize the changes in the enzyme system that develops because of the effects of anesthetic agents. In the present study, it was considered that the changes in the biochemical values aimed to stabilize the changes induced by Anesthesia. Regarding the electrolyte parameters evaluated in the study, there was a statistical difference detected in Na values between 90 min after induction of Anesthesia and 24 h after induction of Anesthesia in group IV. However, in previous studies, the changes in Na values did not influence the cardiac pressure during general Anesthesia. In our study, significant changes were not seen in any electrolyte parameters except Na, and atrioventricular block was not detected in ECG traces. Generally, decreased ETCO2 levels are evidence of lung perfusion deficiency. It depends on the effects of anesthetic agents on the cardiopulmonary, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. In particular, the higher pressure and dose of desflurane supress respiratory system. Oxygen supplementation in general Anesthesia increases respiratory rate, but a-2 agonists and ketamine-midazolam effects can eliminate the increasing respiratory rate in general Anesthesia
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A Comparasion of Laboratory and Cardiopulmonary Effects of Desflurane, Detomidine and Medetomidine Anaesthetic Combinations in Horses
2017Co-Authors: Erol Hanifi, Arican MustafaAbstract:Background: Equine Anesthesia morbidity and mortality rates are greater than in other domestic animals because of hypotension and hypoventilation. The important features desired in general Anesthesia for horses are a rapid effect, rapid emergence and balanced Anesthesia. The long duration of action of currently used anesthetic agents cause various complications in horses. The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical effects of combination of the anesthetics desflurane, detomidine and medetomidine in horses
Tabanera De Lucio, Agustín - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluación de la infusión continua de detomidina y su reversión con atipamezol durante la recuperación anestésica en el caballo
'Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)', 2013Co-Authors: Tabanera De Lucio, AgustínAbstract:El caballo es una de las especies domésticas más desafiantes para anestesiar y cuyo riesgo de muerte durante la anestesia es mucho más elevado que en otras especies domésticas pues es más susceptible de poder presentar complicaciones perianestésicas, sobre todo durante la fase de recuperación, por ser éste un periodo crítico y poco controlable. Las causas de estas complicaciones son debidas a la acción directa de los agentes anestésicos sobre los sistemas cardiovascular y respiratorio, y también al manejo, pues los efectos nocivos del decúbito se potencian con los efectos depresores de las drogas anestésicas empleadas, especialmente, si consideramos que esta especie no está adaptada anatómica ni fisiológicamente a períodos prolongados de decúbito. Se han utilizado muchos procedimientos para evitar estas complicaciones (agentes anestésicos, analgésicos postoperatorios, sedación, duración de la anestesia, ambiente tranquilo, posición del caballo en el box, hora de la cirugía, etc.) con resultados diversos. Hemos utilizado la detomidina en nuestro trabajo por sus propiedades. Es un compuesto que se utiliza habitualmente en la clínica equina como sedante-analgésico para la sujeción farmacológica del caballo, como fármaco preanestésico y, en general, para producir sedación, analgesia y relajación muscular. Además, es un producto compatible con muchos fármacos anestésicos, que disminuye la respuesta al estrés quirúrgico, que se aplica en pequeño volumen de infusión, y con un grado y duración de efecto dosis-dependiente. Sin embargo, pese a las virtudes indudables de la detomidina, la bibliografía científica y el trabajo de campo nos demuestran que muchos de los efectos de la acción sedante pueden permanecer más tiempo que el terapéuticamente deseado y que existen efectos adversos propios de los agonistas de los receptores alfa-2 adrenérgicos (ataxia, bradicardia, arritmias, disminución del gasto cardiaco, hipotensión, el caballo reacciona al ruido y a los estímulos externos, etc.) que no benefician a mejorar la recuperación anestésica. La posibilidad de antagonizar los efectos adversos de la infusión de detomidina con atipamezol durante la recuperación anestésica en caballos se nos antoja de gran importancia en la práctica equina; permitiendo al anestesista un mayor control de la misma y dotarle de una nueva herramienta terapéutica de gran ayuda para el manejo de esta etapa crítica de la anestesia equina. [ABSTRACT] We know that horses are one of the most challenging domestic species to anesthetize and that its risk of death during Anesthesia is much higher than in other domestic species because is more susceptible perianesthetic complications especially during the critical and uncontrollable recovery phase. The causes of these complications are due to the direct action of anesthetic agents on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and also to handling, as the depressant effects of the anesthetic drugs used enhance the harmful effects of recumbency, especially if we consider that this species of animal is not anatomically or physiologically adapted to prolonged periods of recumbency. Many methods have been used to avoid these complications (anesthetic agents, postoperative analgesics, sedation, duration of Anesthesia, calm and quiet environment, position in the recovery stall, time of surgery, etc.) with variable results. The use of detomidine in the present work id justify by its properties. It is widely used in the clinic as an Equine sedative-analgesic drug to manage the horse, as a preanesthetic drug and as a general rule to produce sedation, analgesia and muscle relaxation. Furthermore, it is a product compatible with many anesthetic agents, which decreases the response to surgical stress, is applied in as a small volume, and with a dose-dependent condition and duration of the effect. Nevertheless, despite the undoubted virtues of detomidine, scientific literature and field work show that many of the effects of sedation may last longer than desired and that these effects are adverse and specific of the agonists of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (ataxia, bradycardia, arrhythmias, decreased cardiac output, hypotension, reactions to noise and external stimuli, etc.) which does not benefit neither improve the recovery from Anesthesia. The ability to antagonize the adverse effects of detomidine infusion with atipamezole during the Anesthesia recovery in horses seems to us of great importance in Equine practice; allowing the anesthetist a greater control of it and providing it with a new therapeutic tool of great help in managing this critical stage of Equine Anesthesia
K. Portier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Modification and Performance of a Large Animal Anesthesia Machine (Tafonius((R))) in Order to Deliver Xenon to a Horse
Front Vet Sci, 2017Co-Authors: B. Santangelo, A. Robin, K. Simpson, J. Potier, Michel Guichardant, K. PortierAbstract:INTRODUCTION: Xenon, due to its interesting anesthetic properties, could improve the quality of Anesthesia protocols in horses despite its high price. This study aimed to modify and test an Anesthesia machine capable of delivering xenon to a horse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An Equine Anesthesia machine (Tafonius, Vetronic Services Ltd., UK) was modified by including a T-connector in the valve block to introduce xenon, so that the xenon was pushed into the machine cylinder by the expired gases. A xenon analyzer was connected to the expiratory limb of the patient circuit. The operation of the machine was modeled and experimentally tested for denitrogenation, wash-in, and maintenance phases. The system was considered to consist of two compartments, one being the horse's lungs, the other being the machine cylinder and circuit. A 15-year-old, 514-kg, healthy gelding horse was anesthetized for 70 min using acepromazine, romifidine, morphine, diazepam, and ketamine. Anesthesia was maintained with xenon and oxygen, co-administered with lidocaine. Ventilation was controlled. Cardiorespiratory variables, expired fraction of xenon (FeXe), blood gases were measured and xenon was detected in plasma. Recovery was unassisted and recorded. RESULTS: FeXe remained around 65%, using a xenon total volume of 250 L. Five additional boli of ketamine were required to maintain Anesthesia. PaO2 was 45 +/- 1 mmHg. The recovery was calm. Xenon was detected in blood during the entire administration time. CONCLUSION: This pilot study describes how to deliver xenon to a horse. Although many technical problems were encountered, their correction could guide future endeavors to study the use of xenon in horses.
Portier K. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Modification and Performance of a Large Animal Anesthesia Machine (Tafonius((R))) in Order to Deliver Xenon to a Horse
'Frontiers Media SA', 2017Co-Authors: Santangelo B., Robin A., Simpson K., Potier J., Guichardant Michel, Portier K.Abstract:International audienceINTRODUCTION: Xenon, due to its interesting anesthetic properties, could improve the quality of Anesthesia protocols in horses despite its high price. This study aimed to modify and test an Anesthesia machine capable of delivering xenon to a horse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An Equine Anesthesia machine (Tafonius, Vetronic Services Ltd., UK) was modified by including a T-connector in the valve block to introduce xenon, so that the xenon was pushed into the machine cylinder by the expired gases. A xenon analyzer was connected to the expiratory limb of the patient circuit. The operation of the machine was modeled and experimentally tested for denitrogenation, wash-in, and maintenance phases. The system was considered to consist of two compartments, one being the horse's lungs, the other being the machine cylinder and circuit. A 15-year-old, 514-kg, healthy gelding horse was anesthetized for 70 min using acepromazine, romifidine, morphine, diazepam, and ketamine. Anesthesia was maintained with xenon and oxygen, co-administered with lidocaine. Ventilation was controlled. Cardiorespiratory variables, expired fraction of xenon (FeXe), blood gases were measured and xenon was detected in plasma. Recovery was unassisted and recorded. RESULTS: FeXe remained around 65%, using a xenon total volume of 250 L. Five additional boli of ketamine were required to maintain Anesthesia. PaO2 was 45 +/- 1 mmHg. The recovery was calm. Xenon was detected in blood during the entire administration time. CONCLUSION: This pilot study describes how to deliver xenon to a horse. Although many technical problems were encountered, their correction could guide future endeavors to study the use of xenon in horses