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Sara M Thomasy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of 0 2 brimonidine and 0 2 brimonidine 0 5 timolol on intraocular pressure and pupil size in normal Equine Eyes
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2017Co-Authors: M. Von Zup, Mary E Lassaline, Philip H. Kass, Paul E. Miller, Sara M ThomasyAbstract:SummaryBackground Brimonidine is an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist that decreases aqueous humor production and may increase uveoscleral outflow. It has not been evaluated in normal or glaucomatous Equine Eyes. Objectives To evaluate the IOP-lowering efficacy and safety of brimonidine, alone and in conjunction with timolol, as a treatment for Equine glaucoma by comparing IOP in normal Equine Eyes treated with brimonidine and brimonidine-timolol to control Eyes. Study design A balanced crossover design with 16 horses receiving one of two treatments, brimonidine and brimonidine-timolol, during each of two 10-day study phases, was used. Four horses were randomly assigned to each of four combinations of treated eye (right or left) and drug order within the two 10-day study phases (brimonidine first or brimonidine-timolol first). Methods Pupil size and conjunctival hyperemia were assessed twice daily and IOP was measured three times daily using rebound tonometry in both Eyes of 16 normal horses throughout two 10-day study periods (brimonidine and brimonidine-timolol) followed by an 18-day washout period. One eye of each horse was treated with brimonidine or brimonidine-timolol while the opposite eye was treated with balanced salt solution. Results There were no adverse effects and no significant changes in pupil size in normal Equine Eyes treated with brimonidine or brimonidine-timolol. Average IOP in normal Equine Eyes treated with brimonidine (25.6 mm Hg) was statistically higher than in Eyes treated with brimonidine-timolol (24.6 mm Hg) or balanced salt solution (24.5 mm Hg) however IOP differences were 1 mm Hg or less and thus not clinically important. Main limitations Horses with normal Eyes may not be as sensitive to IOP-lowering effects of treatment as horses with glaucoma. Conclusions Brimonidine and briminonidine-timolol are well tolerated in normal horses but do not decrease IOP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
M. Von Zup - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of 0 2 brimonidine and 0 2 brimonidine 0 5 timolol on intraocular pressure and pupil size in normal Equine Eyes
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2017Co-Authors: M. Von Zup, Mary E Lassaline, Philip H. Kass, Paul E. Miller, Sara M ThomasyAbstract:SummaryBackground Brimonidine is an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist that decreases aqueous humor production and may increase uveoscleral outflow. It has not been evaluated in normal or glaucomatous Equine Eyes. Objectives To evaluate the IOP-lowering efficacy and safety of brimonidine, alone and in conjunction with timolol, as a treatment for Equine glaucoma by comparing IOP in normal Equine Eyes treated with brimonidine and brimonidine-timolol to control Eyes. Study design A balanced crossover design with 16 horses receiving one of two treatments, brimonidine and brimonidine-timolol, during each of two 10-day study phases, was used. Four horses were randomly assigned to each of four combinations of treated eye (right or left) and drug order within the two 10-day study phases (brimonidine first or brimonidine-timolol first). Methods Pupil size and conjunctival hyperemia were assessed twice daily and IOP was measured three times daily using rebound tonometry in both Eyes of 16 normal horses throughout two 10-day study periods (brimonidine and brimonidine-timolol) followed by an 18-day washout period. One eye of each horse was treated with brimonidine or brimonidine-timolol while the opposite eye was treated with balanced salt solution. Results There were no adverse effects and no significant changes in pupil size in normal Equine Eyes treated with brimonidine or brimonidine-timolol. Average IOP in normal Equine Eyes treated with brimonidine (25.6 mm Hg) was statistically higher than in Eyes treated with brimonidine-timolol (24.6 mm Hg) or balanced salt solution (24.5 mm Hg) however IOP differences were 1 mm Hg or less and thus not clinically important. Main limitations Horses with normal Eyes may not be as sensitive to IOP-lowering effects of treatment as horses with glaucoma. Conclusions Brimonidine and briminonidine-timolol are well tolerated in normal horses but do not decrease IOP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Paul E. Miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of 0 2 brimonidine and 0 2 brimonidine 0 5 timolol on intraocular pressure and pupil size in normal Equine Eyes
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2017Co-Authors: M. Von Zup, Mary E Lassaline, Philip H. Kass, Paul E. Miller, Sara M ThomasyAbstract:SummaryBackground Brimonidine is an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist that decreases aqueous humor production and may increase uveoscleral outflow. It has not been evaluated in normal or glaucomatous Equine Eyes. Objectives To evaluate the IOP-lowering efficacy and safety of brimonidine, alone and in conjunction with timolol, as a treatment for Equine glaucoma by comparing IOP in normal Equine Eyes treated with brimonidine and brimonidine-timolol to control Eyes. Study design A balanced crossover design with 16 horses receiving one of two treatments, brimonidine and brimonidine-timolol, during each of two 10-day study phases, was used. Four horses were randomly assigned to each of four combinations of treated eye (right or left) and drug order within the two 10-day study phases (brimonidine first or brimonidine-timolol first). Methods Pupil size and conjunctival hyperemia were assessed twice daily and IOP was measured three times daily using rebound tonometry in both Eyes of 16 normal horses throughout two 10-day study periods (brimonidine and brimonidine-timolol) followed by an 18-day washout period. One eye of each horse was treated with brimonidine or brimonidine-timolol while the opposite eye was treated with balanced salt solution. Results There were no adverse effects and no significant changes in pupil size in normal Equine Eyes treated with brimonidine or brimonidine-timolol. Average IOP in normal Equine Eyes treated with brimonidine (25.6 mm Hg) was statistically higher than in Eyes treated with brimonidine-timolol (24.6 mm Hg) or balanced salt solution (24.5 mm Hg) however IOP differences were 1 mm Hg or less and thus not clinically important. Main limitations Horses with normal Eyes may not be as sensitive to IOP-lowering effects of treatment as horses with glaucoma. Conclusions Brimonidine and briminonidine-timolol are well tolerated in normal horses but do not decrease IOP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Mary E Lassaline - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of 0 2 brimonidine and 0 2 brimonidine 0 5 timolol on intraocular pressure and pupil size in normal Equine Eyes
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2017Co-Authors: M. Von Zup, Mary E Lassaline, Philip H. Kass, Paul E. Miller, Sara M ThomasyAbstract:SummaryBackground Brimonidine is an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist that decreases aqueous humor production and may increase uveoscleral outflow. It has not been evaluated in normal or glaucomatous Equine Eyes. Objectives To evaluate the IOP-lowering efficacy and safety of brimonidine, alone and in conjunction with timolol, as a treatment for Equine glaucoma by comparing IOP in normal Equine Eyes treated with brimonidine and brimonidine-timolol to control Eyes. Study design A balanced crossover design with 16 horses receiving one of two treatments, brimonidine and brimonidine-timolol, during each of two 10-day study phases, was used. Four horses were randomly assigned to each of four combinations of treated eye (right or left) and drug order within the two 10-day study phases (brimonidine first or brimonidine-timolol first). Methods Pupil size and conjunctival hyperemia were assessed twice daily and IOP was measured three times daily using rebound tonometry in both Eyes of 16 normal horses throughout two 10-day study periods (brimonidine and brimonidine-timolol) followed by an 18-day washout period. One eye of each horse was treated with brimonidine or brimonidine-timolol while the opposite eye was treated with balanced salt solution. Results There were no adverse effects and no significant changes in pupil size in normal Equine Eyes treated with brimonidine or brimonidine-timolol. Average IOP in normal Equine Eyes treated with brimonidine (25.6 mm Hg) was statistically higher than in Eyes treated with brimonidine-timolol (24.6 mm Hg) or balanced salt solution (24.5 mm Hg) however IOP differences were 1 mm Hg or less and thus not clinically important. Main limitations Horses with normal Eyes may not be as sensitive to IOP-lowering effects of treatment as horses with glaucoma. Conclusions Brimonidine and briminonidine-timolol are well tolerated in normal horses but do not decrease IOP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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a promising surgical approach to Equine glaucoma
Equine Veterinary Education, 2015Co-Authors: Mary E LassalineAbstract:Summary The preceding case report by Wilson et al. (2015) describes the surgical placement of a Baerveldt glaucoma shunt in a glaucomatous Equine eye that had been refractory to aggressive medical and repeated surgical therapies yet maintained functional vision. Shunt placement surgery successfully maintained vision and intraocular pressure in the normal range in the affected eye. This is the first report of long-term successful glaucoma filtration surgery in a horse. Glaucoma shunt placement shows promise for maintaining vision and comfort in Equine Eyes affected with glaucoma. There is much to be learned in terms of the most appropriate implant type for the Equine eye, the risk of complications such as ocular hypotony or tube fibrosis, and the utility of combination therapy with transcleral cyclophotocoagulation and implant placement, but with the report of one case in which gonioimplant placement has been associated with intraocular pressure control for over one year, further investigations appear warranted. This case provides a glimmer of hope for long-term treatment of a painful, blinding disease that has traditionally carried a poor prognosis in horses.
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Equine amniotic membrane transplantation for corneal ulceration and keratomalacia in three horses
Veterinary Ophthalmology, 2005Co-Authors: Mary E Lassaline, Maria E. Kallberg, F. J. Ollivier, Dennis Brooks, Andras M Komaromy, Kirk N. GelattAbstract:Purpose Amniotic membrane has antifibrotic, anti-angiogenic and antiprotease properties. This retrospective study was designed to investigate the use of Equine amniotic membrane transplants (AMT) at preserving vision, maintaining the structural integrity of the globe and maximizing cosmesis in Equine Eyes with corneal ulceration and severe keratomalacia. Methods Equine amnion had previously been aseptically harvested from a 12-year-old Thoroughbred mare during an elective Cesarean section. Sections of amnion were stored at −80 °C and thawed as needed. Records of Equine cases at the University of Florida with keratomalacia that received an AMT without adjunctive conjunctival grafting were examined. Clinical description, details of medical and surgical treatment, globe survival and visual outcome were documented. Etiologies were determined by cytology, culture or histology. Results Three horses with corneal ulceration and severe keratomalacia received an AMT without conjunctival graft between December 2002 and April 2003. Pseudomonas spp. were cultured from all three Eyes, with evidence of a concurrent fungal infection in two Eyes. The three ulcers were 50, 72, and 76% of corneal diameter, and each one worsened in the face of aggressive medical therapy. In all three cases, the AMT sloughed over a 4 to 6-week period. At last follow-up, all three Eyes receiving AMT were comfortable and receiving no medication, with light perception and an inconsistent location-dependent menace response. All three horses returned to their prior work. Conclusions Results of a small number of Equine AMT suggest that amnion can be used successfully to preserve both globe structure and limited vision, as well as optimize cosmesis, in horse Eyes with corneal ulceration and severe keratomalacia.
Philip H. Kass - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of 0 2 brimonidine and 0 2 brimonidine 0 5 timolol on intraocular pressure and pupil size in normal Equine Eyes
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2017Co-Authors: M. Von Zup, Mary E Lassaline, Philip H. Kass, Paul E. Miller, Sara M ThomasyAbstract:SummaryBackground Brimonidine is an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist that decreases aqueous humor production and may increase uveoscleral outflow. It has not been evaluated in normal or glaucomatous Equine Eyes. Objectives To evaluate the IOP-lowering efficacy and safety of brimonidine, alone and in conjunction with timolol, as a treatment for Equine glaucoma by comparing IOP in normal Equine Eyes treated with brimonidine and brimonidine-timolol to control Eyes. Study design A balanced crossover design with 16 horses receiving one of two treatments, brimonidine and brimonidine-timolol, during each of two 10-day study phases, was used. Four horses were randomly assigned to each of four combinations of treated eye (right or left) and drug order within the two 10-day study phases (brimonidine first or brimonidine-timolol first). Methods Pupil size and conjunctival hyperemia were assessed twice daily and IOP was measured three times daily using rebound tonometry in both Eyes of 16 normal horses throughout two 10-day study periods (brimonidine and brimonidine-timolol) followed by an 18-day washout period. One eye of each horse was treated with brimonidine or brimonidine-timolol while the opposite eye was treated with balanced salt solution. Results There were no adverse effects and no significant changes in pupil size in normal Equine Eyes treated with brimonidine or brimonidine-timolol. Average IOP in normal Equine Eyes treated with brimonidine (25.6 mm Hg) was statistically higher than in Eyes treated with brimonidine-timolol (24.6 mm Hg) or balanced salt solution (24.5 mm Hg) however IOP differences were 1 mm Hg or less and thus not clinically important. Main limitations Horses with normal Eyes may not be as sensitive to IOP-lowering effects of treatment as horses with glaucoma. Conclusions Brimonidine and briminonidine-timolol are well tolerated in normal horses but do not decrease IOP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Field use of N-butylscopolammonium bromide to facilitate thorough ophthalmic examination in horses.
The Veterinary Journal, 2016Co-Authors: J. Palmero, Steven R. Hollingsworth, Philip H. Kass, Sarah A. Moore, Nicola PusterlaAbstract:N-butylscopolammonium bromide (NBB), an anticholinergic muscarinic antagonist, was assessed as a mydriatic agent for field examination of Equine Eyes. Six adult horses were randomly assigned to four treatments with 2 weeks washout between treatments: (1) topical saline/IV saline (negative control); (2) topical tropicamide/IV saline (positive control); (3) topical NBB/IV saline; or (4) topical saline/IV NBB. Horizontal and vertical pupil diameters, temperature, pulse, respiration, pupillary light reflexes (PLRs) and mydriasis sufficient to perform complete fundic examination were recorded. Tropicamide induced mydriasis in all horses. Topical NBB induced mydriasis in one horse, and IV NBB enabled thorough fundic examination in two horses, delayed PLRs without allowing thorough examination in two horses and had no effect in two horses.