The Experts below are selected from a list of 177 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Ronald C. Montelaro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • lessons in aids vaccine development learned from studies of Equine Infectious Anemia virus infection and immunity
    Viruses, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jodi K. Craigo, Ronald C. Montelaro
    Abstract:

    Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA), identified in 1843 [1] as an Infectious disease of horses and as a viral infection in 1904, remains a concern in veterinary medicine today. Equine Infectious Anemia virus (EIAV) has served as an animal model of HIV-1/AIDS research since the original identification of HIV. Similar to other lentiviruses, EIAV has a high propensity for genomic sequence and antigenic variation, principally in its envelope (Env) proteins. However, EIAV possesses a unique and dynamic disease presentation that has facilitated comprehensive analyses of the interactions between the evolving virus population, progressive host immune responses, and the definition of viral and host correlates of immune control and vaccine efficacy. Summarized here are key findings in EIAV that have provided important lessons toward understanding long term immune control of lentivirus infections and the parameters for development of an enduring broadly protective AIDS vaccine.

  • replication of Equine Infectious Anemia virus in engineered mouse nih 3t3 cells
    Journal of Virology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Baoshan Zhang, Ronald C. Montelaro
    Abstract:

    We employed the Equine lentivirus Equine Infectious Anemia virus (EIAV) to investigate the cellular restrictions for lentivirus replication in murine NIH 3T3 cells. The results of these studies demonstrate that NIH 3T3 cells expressing the EIAV receptor ELR1 and Equine cyclin T1 supported productive replication of EIAV and produced Infectious virions at levels similar to those found in a reference permissive Equine cell line. The studies presented here demonstrate, for the first time, differential levels of restriction for EIAV and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in murine cells and suggest that these differences can be exploited to reveal critical virus-cell interactions required for HIV-1 assembly and budding of lentivirus particles.

  • Equine Infectious Anemia Virus
    Encyclopedia of Virology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Jodi K. Craigo, Ronald C. Montelaro
    Abstract:

    Equine Infectious Anemia virus (EIAV), a macrophage-tropic lentivirus, causes persistent infection in equids and a chronic disseminated disease of worldwide importance in veterinary medicine. EIAV was first identified as the ‘filterable agent’ responsible for the syndrome Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) in 1904, making EIAV one of the first animal diseases to be assigned a viral etiology and the first identified virus of the lentivirus family. The disease, transmitted via blood-feeding insects or iatrogenic sources such as contaminated syringe needles, is characterized by recurring cycles of viremia and of clinical episodes characterized by fever, Anemia, thrombocytopenia, edema, and various wasting symptoms. The uniquely dynamic process is distinguished by a rapid onset of acute disease, intermittent cycles of disease (chronic EIA) at irregular intervals during the first year post infection, and is followed by progression to a long-term inapparent carrier status typically for the remainder of the horse's average 20-year lifespan. EIAV is genetically the simplest of the lentiviruses, encoding only three accessory genes (tat, rev, and S2) in addition to the gag, pol, and env genes common to all retroviruses. A renewed interest in EIAV research developed over the last two decades as a model for both the role of antigenic variation in a persistent retrovirus infection and as an animal model for HIV/AIDS research.

  • Equine Infectious Anemia virus eiav what has hiv s country cousin got to tell us
    Veterinary Research, 2004
    Co-Authors: Caroline Leroux, Jeanluc Cadore, Ronald C. Montelaro
    Abstract:

    Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) is a lentivirus, of the Retrovirus family, with an almost worldwide distribution, infecting equids. It causes a persistent infection characterized by recurring febrile episodes associating viremia, fever, thrombocytopenia, and wasting symptoms. The disease is experimentally reproducible by inoculation of Shetland ponies or horses with EIAV pathogenic strains. Among lentiviruses, EIAV is unique in that, despite a rapid virus replication and antigenic variation, most animals progress from a chronic stage characterized by recurring peaks of viremia and fever to an asymptomatic stage of infection. The inapparent carriers remain infective for life, as demonstrated by experimental transfer of blood to naive animals. The understanding of the correlates of this immune control is of great interest in defining vaccine strategies. Research on EIAV, this "country cousin" of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), over the last five decades has produced some interesting results on natural immunological control of lentivirus replication and disease and on the nature and role of virus variation in persistence and pathogenesis. These studies are of interest in the context of HIV and efforts to develop a vaccine. This review will focus on some of the most recent results. Equine Infectious Anemia virus / lentivirus / equids / vaccine / viral evolution

  • High Prevalence of Serum Antibodies to Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Reverse Transcriptase
    AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 1993
    Co-Authors: Anthony L. Devico, Charles J Issel, Ronald C. Montelaro, S. F. J. Le Grice, Susan Payne, M. G. Sarngadharan
    Abstract:

    The immunogenicity of the Equine Infectious Anemia virus (EIAV) reverse transcriptase (RT) was examined by immunoblot assay with recombinant EIAV RT. All of the 19 sera from EIAV-infected horses tested contained antibodies that recognized EIAV RT and directly inhibited the polymerase activity of the enzyme. An examination of sera obtained sequentially from two experimentally infected animals revealed that anti-RT antibodies arise early in infection and increase in level. The appearance of the antibodies correlated with progression toward the asymptomatic period of infection.

Caroline Leroux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • interstitial lung disease associated with Equine Infectious Anemia virus infection in horses
    Veterinary Research, 2013
    Co-Authors: P. Bolfă, Caroline Leroux, Marie Nolf, Jeanluc Cadore, C Catoi, Fabienne Archer, Christine Dolmazon, J F Mornex
    Abstract:

    EIA (Equine Infectious Anemia) is a blood-borne disease primarily transmitted by haematophagous insects or needle punctures. Other routes of transmission have been poorly explored. We evaluated the potential of EIAV (Equine Infectious Anemia Virus) to induce pulmonary lesions in naturally infected equids. Lungs from 77 EIAV seropositive horses have been collected in Romania and France. Three types of lesions have been scored on paraffin-embedded lungs: lymphocyte infiltration, bronchiolar inflammation, and thickness of the alveolar septa. Expression of the p26 EIAV capsid (CA) protein has been evaluated by immunostaining. Compared to EIAV-negative horses, 52% of the EIAV-positive horses displayed a mild inflammation around the bronchioles, 22% had a moderate inflammation with inflammatory cells inside the wall and epithelial bronchiolar hyperplasia and 6.5% had a moderate to severe inflammation, with destruction of the bronchiolar epithelium and accumulation of smooth muscle cells within the pulmonary parenchyma. Changes in the thickness of the alveolar septa were also present. Expression of EIAV capsid has been evidenced in macrophages, endothelial as well as in alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells, as determined by their morphology and localization. To summarize, we found lesions of interstitial lung disease similar to that observed during other lentiviral infections such as FIV in cats, SRLV in sheep and goats or HIV in children. The presence of EIAV capsid in lung epithelial cells suggests that EIAV might be responsible for the broncho-interstitial damages observed.

  • Equine Infectious Anemia and Equine Infectious Anemia virus in 2013 a review
    Veterinary Microbiology, 2013
    Co-Authors: R F Cook, Caroline Leroux, Charles J Issel
    Abstract:

    Abstract A detailed description of Equine Infectious Anemia virus and host responses to it are presented. Current control and eradication of the infection are discussed with suggestions for improvements to increase their effectiveness.

  • Equine Infectious Anemia virus eiav what has hiv s country cousin got to tell us
    Veterinary Research, 2004
    Co-Authors: Caroline Leroux, Jeanluc Cadore, Ronald C. Montelaro
    Abstract:

    Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) is a lentivirus, of the Retrovirus family, with an almost worldwide distribution, infecting equids. It causes a persistent infection characterized by recurring febrile episodes associating viremia, fever, thrombocytopenia, and wasting symptoms. The disease is experimentally reproducible by inoculation of Shetland ponies or horses with EIAV pathogenic strains. Among lentiviruses, EIAV is unique in that, despite a rapid virus replication and antigenic variation, most animals progress from a chronic stage characterized by recurring peaks of viremia and fever to an asymptomatic stage of infection. The inapparent carriers remain infective for life, as demonstrated by experimental transfer of blood to naive animals. The understanding of the correlates of this immune control is of great interest in defining vaccine strategies. Research on EIAV, this "country cousin" of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), over the last five decades has produced some interesting results on natural immunological control of lentivirus replication and disease and on the nature and role of virus variation in persistence and pathogenesis. These studies are of interest in the context of HIV and efforts to develop a vaccine. This review will focus on some of the most recent results. Equine Infectious Anemia virus / lentivirus / equids / vaccine / viral evolution

Charles J Issel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Equine Infectious Anemia in 2014 live with it or eradicate it
    Veterinary Clinics of North America-equine Practice, 2014
    Co-Authors: Charles J Issel, Robert H Mealey, Frank R Cook, D W Horohov
    Abstract:

    In the absence of an effective vaccine, the success of the test and removal approach for the control of Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) cannot be overstated, at least in those areas where testing has been traditionally routine. This article addresses 4 main aspects: what has been learned about EIA virus, host control of its replication, and inapparent carriers; international status regarding the control of EIA; diagnostic and laboratory investigation; and reducing the spread of blood-borne infections by veterinarians. An attempt is made to put these issues into practical contemporary perspectives for the Equine practitioner.

  • Equine Infectious Anemia in 2014: Live with It or Eradicate It?
    Veterinary Clinics of North America-equine Practice, 2014
    Co-Authors: Charles J Issel, R F Cook, Robert H Mealey, D W Horohov
    Abstract:

    In the absence of an effective vaccine, the success of the test and removal approach for the control of Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) cannot be overstated, at least in those areas where testing has been traditionally routine. This article addresses 4 main aspects: what has been learned about EIA virus, host control of its replication, and inapparent carriers; international status regarding the control of EIA; diagnostic and laboratory investigation; and reducing the spread of blood-borne infections by veterinarians. An attempt is made to put these issues into practical contemporary perspectives for the Equine practitioner.

  • Equine Infectious Anemia and Equine Infectious Anemia virus in 2013 a review
    Veterinary Microbiology, 2013
    Co-Authors: R F Cook, Caroline Leroux, Charles J Issel
    Abstract:

    Abstract A detailed description of Equine Infectious Anemia virus and host responses to it are presented. Current control and eradication of the infection are discussed with suggestions for improvements to increase their effectiveness.

  • High Prevalence of Serum Antibodies to Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Reverse Transcriptase
    AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 1993
    Co-Authors: Anthony L. Devico, Charles J Issel, Ronald C. Montelaro, S. F. J. Le Grice, Susan Payne, M. G. Sarngadharan
    Abstract:

    The immunogenicity of the Equine Infectious Anemia virus (EIAV) reverse transcriptase (RT) was examined by immunoblot assay with recombinant EIAV RT. All of the 19 sera from EIAV-infected horses tested contained antibodies that recognized EIAV RT and directly inhibited the polymerase activity of the enzyme. An examination of sera obtained sequentially from two experimentally infected animals revealed that anti-RT antibodies arise early in infection and increase in level. The appearance of the antibodies correlated with progression toward the asymptomatic period of infection.

  • In vitro isolation of a neutralization escape mutant of Equine Infectious Anemia virus (EIAV).
    Archives of virology, 1990
    Co-Authors: P M Rwambo, Charles J Issel, K A Hussain, Ronald C. Montelaro
    Abstract:

    A neutralization escape mutant (A/1 E) of Equine Infectious Anemia virus was isolated after 13 passages in cell culture in the presence of serum containing antibodies to type- and group-specific determinants of EIAV envelope glycoproteins. Loss of neutralization by the selecting serum correlated with loss of two epitopes in the major envelope glycoprotein gp90 of A/1 E which were present in a parallel variant isolated from a persistently infected pony.

Jeanluc Cadore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • interstitial lung disease associated with Equine Infectious Anemia virus infection in horses
    Veterinary Research, 2013
    Co-Authors: P. Bolfă, Caroline Leroux, Marie Nolf, Jeanluc Cadore, C Catoi, Fabienne Archer, Christine Dolmazon, J F Mornex
    Abstract:

    EIA (Equine Infectious Anemia) is a blood-borne disease primarily transmitted by haematophagous insects or needle punctures. Other routes of transmission have been poorly explored. We evaluated the potential of EIAV (Equine Infectious Anemia Virus) to induce pulmonary lesions in naturally infected equids. Lungs from 77 EIAV seropositive horses have been collected in Romania and France. Three types of lesions have been scored on paraffin-embedded lungs: lymphocyte infiltration, bronchiolar inflammation, and thickness of the alveolar septa. Expression of the p26 EIAV capsid (CA) protein has been evaluated by immunostaining. Compared to EIAV-negative horses, 52% of the EIAV-positive horses displayed a mild inflammation around the bronchioles, 22% had a moderate inflammation with inflammatory cells inside the wall and epithelial bronchiolar hyperplasia and 6.5% had a moderate to severe inflammation, with destruction of the bronchiolar epithelium and accumulation of smooth muscle cells within the pulmonary parenchyma. Changes in the thickness of the alveolar septa were also present. Expression of EIAV capsid has been evidenced in macrophages, endothelial as well as in alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells, as determined by their morphology and localization. To summarize, we found lesions of interstitial lung disease similar to that observed during other lentiviral infections such as FIV in cats, SRLV in sheep and goats or HIV in children. The presence of EIAV capsid in lung epithelial cells suggests that EIAV might be responsible for the broncho-interstitial damages observed.

  • Equine Infectious Anemia virus eiav what has hiv s country cousin got to tell us
    Veterinary Research, 2004
    Co-Authors: Caroline Leroux, Jeanluc Cadore, Ronald C. Montelaro
    Abstract:

    Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) is a lentivirus, of the Retrovirus family, with an almost worldwide distribution, infecting equids. It causes a persistent infection characterized by recurring febrile episodes associating viremia, fever, thrombocytopenia, and wasting symptoms. The disease is experimentally reproducible by inoculation of Shetland ponies or horses with EIAV pathogenic strains. Among lentiviruses, EIAV is unique in that, despite a rapid virus replication and antigenic variation, most animals progress from a chronic stage characterized by recurring peaks of viremia and fever to an asymptomatic stage of infection. The inapparent carriers remain infective for life, as demonstrated by experimental transfer of blood to naive animals. The understanding of the correlates of this immune control is of great interest in defining vaccine strategies. Research on EIAV, this "country cousin" of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), over the last five decades has produced some interesting results on natural immunological control of lentivirus replication and disease and on the nature and role of virus variation in persistence and pathogenesis. These studies are of interest in the context of HIV and efforts to develop a vaccine. This review will focus on some of the most recent results. Equine Infectious Anemia virus / lentivirus / equids / vaccine / viral evolution

D I Stuart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • structure of Equine Infectious Anemia virus matrix protein
    Journal of Virology, 2002
    Co-Authors: H Hatanaka, Oleg Iourin, Alan J Kingsman, D I Stuart
    Abstract:

    The Gag polyprotein is key to the budding of retroviruses from host cells and is cleaved upon virion maturation, the N-terminal membrane-binding domain forming the matrix protein (MA). The 2.8-A resolution crystal structure of MA of Equine Infectious Anemia virus (EIAV), a lentivirus, reveals that, despite showing no sequence similarity, more than half of the molecule can be superimposed on the MAs of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). However, unlike the structures formed by HIV-1 and SIV MAs, the oligomerization state observed is not trimeric. We discuss the potential of this molecule for membrane binding in the light of conformational differences between EIAV MA and HIV or SIV MA.