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S R Wood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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In Vitro Studies on Erythrosine-Based Photodynamic Therapy of Malignant and Pre-Malignant Oral Epithelial Cells
PloS one, 2012Co-Authors: Abhishek D. Garg, Muthiah Bose, Mohammed I. Ahmed, W. A. Bonass, S R WoodAbstract:Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) involves the administration of a tumor localizing photosensitizing agent, which upon activation with light of an appropriate wavelength leads to the destruction of the tumor cells. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of Erythrosine as a photosensitizer for the PDT of oral malignancies. The drug uptake kinetics of Erythrosine in malignant (H357) and pre-malignant (DOK) oral epithelial cells and their susceptibility to Erythrosine-based PDT was studied along with the determination of the subcellular localization of Erythrosine. This was followed by initial investigations into the mechanism of cell killing induced following PDT involving both high and low concentrations of Erythrosine. The results showed that at 37°C the uptake of Erythrosine by both DOK and H357 cells increased in an Erythrosine dose dependent manner. However, the percentage of cell killing observed following PDT differed between the 2 cell lines; a maximum of ∼80% of DOK cell killing was achieved as compared to ∼60% killing for H357 cells. Both the DOK and H357 cell types exhibited predominantly mitochondrial accumulation of Erythrosine, but the mitochondrial trans-membrane potential (ΔΨm) studies showed that the H357 cells were far more resistant to the changes in ΔΨm when compared to the DOK cells and this might be a factor in the apparent relative resistance of the H357 cells to PDT. Finally, cell death morphology and caspase activity analysis studies demonstrated the occurrence of extensive necrosis with high dose PDT in DOK cells, whereas apoptosis was observed at lower doses of PDT for both cell lines. For H357 cells, high dose PDT produced both apoptotic as well as necrotic responses. This is the first instance of Erythrosine-based PDT's usage for cancer cell killing.
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Enhancement of Erythrosine-mediated photodynamic therapy of Streptococcus mutans biofilms by light fractionation
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2006Co-Authors: Daniel G Metcalf, Deirdre A Devine, C. Robinson, S R WoodAbstract:Objectives: We aimed to increase the bacterial cell killing efficacy of Erythrosine-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) of Streptococcus mutans biofilms by fractionating the delivered light dose into a series of shorter pulses. Methods: S. mutans biofilms of 200 μm thickness were grown in a constant-depth film fermenter (CDFF). Biofilms were incubated with 22 μM Erythrosine before being irradiated with white light for increasing periods of time. We also used light dose fractionation to deliver the same overall dose of light in a series of shorter pulses separated by dark periods. Bacterial cell killing as a result of each killing protocol was quantified by colony counting. Results: A 2 log 10 of bacterial cell killing was achieved with 5 min of continuous white light irradiation. For time periods longer than 5 min the amount of killing increased more slowly, which was probably due to photobleaching of the Erythrosine. Fractionation of the light dose into 5x 1 min doses separated by dark recovery periods of 5 min increased the amount of bacterial killing by 1 log 10 compared with 5 min continuous irradiation. Further fractionation of the light dose into 10x 30 s doses separated by 2 min recovery periods resulted in 3.7 log 10 of cell kill, an improvement of 1.7 log 10 compared with the continuous irradiation protocol. Conclusions: Erythrosine-mediated PDT of S. mutans biofilms can be further enhanced by fractionation of the applied light dose.
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Erythrosine is a potential photosensitizer for the photodynamic therapy of oral plaque biofilms
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2006Co-Authors: S R Wood, Daniel G Metcalf, Deirdre A Devine, C. RobinsonAbstract:OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical plaque disclosing agent Erythrosine as a photosensitizer in the photodynamic killing of the oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans grown as a biofilm. METHODS: S. mutans biofilms of 200 microm thickness were grown in a constant-depth film fermenter. In addition to determining localization of the photosensitizer within biofilms using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), we compared the bacterial killing efficacy of Erythrosine with that of two well-characterized photosensitizers, methylene blue (MB) and photofrin. Incubations were carried out with each photosensitizer (22 microM), and irradiation was for 15 min using a 400 W white light source. RESULTS: The CLSM results showed that Erythrosine is taken up into S. mutans biofilms, where it is associated with the biomass of the biofilm rather than the fluid-filled channels and voids. Comparison of the cell killing efficacy of Erythrosine in S. mutans biofilms of different ages showed that Erythrosine was 1-2 log(10) more effective at killing biofilm bacteria than photofrin and 0.5-1 log(10) more effective than MB. The results were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with all three photosensitizers was increasingly effective as biofilm age increased, suggesting that temporal changes in biofilm architecture and composition affect susceptibility to PDT. CONCLUSIONS: PDT using Erythrosine as photosensitizer shows excellent potential as a treatment for oral plaque biofilms.
Aroon Teerakapong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inhibitory effects of Erythrosine curcumin derivatives nano titanium dioxide mediated photodynamic therapy on candida albicans
Molecules, 2021Co-Authors: Kasama Kanpittaya, Aroon Teerakapong, Noppawan Phumala Morales, Doosadee Hormdee, Aroonsri Priprem, Wilawan Weeraarchakul, Teerasak DamrongrungruangAbstract:This study focuses on the role of photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. The photosensitizers were prepared in combinations of 110/220 µM Erythrosine and/or 10/20 µM demethoxy/bisdemethoxy curcumin with/without 10% (w/w) nano-titanium dioxide. Irradiation was performed with a dental blue light in the 395–480 nm wavelength range, with a power density of 3200 mW/cm2 and yield of 72 J/cm2. The production of ROS and hydroxyl radical was investigated using an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer for each individual photosensitizer or in photosensitizer combinations. Subsequently, a PrestoBlue® toxicity test of the gingival fibroblast cells was performed at 6 and 24 h on the eight highest ROS-generating photosensitizers containing curcumin derivatives and Erythrosine 220 µM. Finally, the antifungal ability of 22 test photosensitizers, Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), were cultured in biofilm form at 37 °C for 48 h, then the colonies were counted in colony-forming units (CFU/mL) via the drop plate technique, and then the log reduction was calculated. The results showed that at 48 h the test photosensitizers could simultaneously produce both ROS types. All test photosensitizers demonstrated no toxicity on the fibroblast cells. In total, 18 test photosensitizers were able to inhibit Candida albicans similarly to nystatin. Conclusively, 20 µM bisdemethoxy curcumin + 220 µM Erythrosine + 10% (w/w) nano-titanium dioxide exerted the highest inhibitory effect on Candida albicans.
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fungicidal effect of combined nano tio 2 with Erythrosine for mediated photodynamic therapy on candida albicans an in vitro study
Lasers in Dental Science, 2017Co-Authors: Aroon Teerakapong, Teerasak Damrongrungruang, Sajee Sattayut, Noppawan Phumala Morales, Angkhana Sangpanya, Manuswee TanapoomchaiAbstract:Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause oral candidiasis. Antifungal drugs have been used for treatment, but resistance to these drugs has emerged in recent years. Photodynamic therapy is one of the alternative treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the killing of C. albicans biofilms in photodynamic therapy in vitro by Erythrosine (Ery) gel on its own or in combination with nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) stimulated by blue light (BL). Four test groups were studied, namely, Ery gel at 220 and 440 μM, in the presence or absence of 1% TiO2 + BL, and the control group. After C. albicans biofilms were prepared, a photosensitizer was applied to them for 15 min. Test groups were then activated by BL with 15 J/cm2 energy for 1 min, and the number of CFU/mL in log10 was compared between the test and control groups. In addition, the generation of reactive oxygen species by the effective photosensitizer was tested by electron spin resonance spectrometer (ESR) using 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide. C. albicans survival rates were different with statistical significance across all groups by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.001). The group of 440 μM Ery gel + 1% TiO2 + BL showed the highest efficacy (p = 0.05). Results of ESR showed that all Ery gel + BL groups generated significantly more singlet oxygen compared with control groups. None of the groups, however, generated detectable levels of hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion. Erythrosine with blue light is an effective photosensitizer that can kill C. albicans, and nano-titanium dioxide acts as a catalyst that enhances the effect of Erythrosine.
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Efficacy of Erythrosine and cyanidin-3-glucoside mediated photodynamic therapy on Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms using green light laser.
Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy, 2017Co-Authors: Aroon Teerakapong, Teerasak Damrongrungruang, Sajee Sattayut, Noppawan Phumala Morales, Surada TantananugoolAbstract:Abstract Background The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of Erythrosine and cyanidin-3-glucoside as photosensitizers in PDT for the elimination of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) biofilms. Methods P. gingivalis biofilms were prepared from a chronic periodontitis subject. Erythrosine and cyanidin-3-glucoside were prepared and randomly allocated as follows: 110, 220, 330, and 440 μM Erythrosine; 101, 202, 303, and 404 μM anthocyanin; and 440 μM Erythrosine + 404 μM cyanidin-3-glucoside. There were 18 PDT experimental groups (non-irradiated/irradiated with a 532-nm green light diode laser at 1.29 J/cm 2 for 60 s). The 3 controls were grouped as follows: biofilms exposed to the photosensitizers alone, biofilms exposed to the laser alone, and biofilms exposed to 0.12% chlorhexidine. All sample groups were cultured at 1, 3 and 6 h after PDT and incubated in an anaerobic chamber at 37 °C for 4 days. The surviving fraction was calculated from the log 10 CFU/ml. The 330 and 440 μM Erythrosine and the 440 μM Erythrosine + 404 μM cyanidin-3-glucoside were mixed with spin traps (TEMPO, DMPO), and the electron spin resonance spectra were evaluated. Results The log 10 CFU/ml measurements showed that the PDT groups with 330 μM or 440 μM Erythrosine and 440 μM Erythrosine + 404 μM cyanidin-3-glucoside had statistically significant differences from the other groups (one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test, p- value ≤ 0.05). Conclusions PDT using 330 μM Erythrosine, 440 μM Erythrosine or 440 μM Erythrosine + 404 μM cyanidin-3-glucoside irradiated with the laser more effectively inhibited P. gingivalis in biofilms.
Erkan Yilmaz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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magnetic solid phase extraction of Erythrosine e127 in pharmaceutical samples with fe3o4 c nanodots hybrid material prior to spectrophotometric analysis
Microchemical Journal, 2021Co-Authors: Erkan Yilmaz, Elifcan Emiroglu, Donay Yuvali, Gokhan Sarp, Ibrahim NarinAbstract:Abstract In this study, a green production method was used to obtain magnetic carbon nanodot hybrid material (Fe3O4@C-nanodots). The new material was used as adsorbent for the magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of Erythrosine (E127) in pharmaceutical samples prior to UV-VIS spectrophotometry analysis. C-nanodots were produced from pasteurized cow milk by using a simple and cheap hydrothermal synthesis method. After production of the C-nanodots, Fe3O4@C-nanodot hybrid material was fabricated with one-step hydrothermal method in green solvent medium. Experimental variables affecting the extraction efficiency of Erythrosine such as pH of sample solution, amount of adsorbent, extraction time, eluent type and volume were studied and optimized in details. The characterization studies for the Fe3O4@C-nanodots were carried out by X-ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD), Raman spectrometry (Raman) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Under the optimum experimental conditions, The limit of detection (LOD) was 60 ng·L−1 and the recoveries at three spiked levels were ranged from 94.8% to 97.6% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 5.0%. The results show that the combination MSPE with UV-VIS spectrophotometer provided a simple and rapid method for extraction and determination of Erythrosine.
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an environment friendly and rapid liquid liquid microextraction based on new synthesized hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for separation and preconcentration of Erythrosine e127 in biological and pharmaceutical samples
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2021Co-Authors: Donay Yuvali, Mustafa Soylak, Ibrahim Narin, Muslum Seyhaneyildizi, Erkan YilmazAbstract:Abstract In this study, a new deep eutectic solvent (DES) consist of tetrabuthylammonium bromide (TBABr) and 1-octanol at 1:2 M ratio was prepared for the first time and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) techniques. The new DES was used as an extraction solvent in the ultrasound assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-LLME) of Erythrosine (E127) in blood, urine, pharmaceutical tablet and syrup samples. Accurate and sensitive determination of Erythrosine was accomplished with the combination use of DES-UA-LLME and UV–Vis spectrophotometric detection. Before applying UA-LLME, while protein precipitation was applied to blood samples, pharmaceutical tablets were homogenized and dissolved in methanol. The proposed DES-UA-LLME/UV–VIS procedure was applied directly to urine, syrup sample and supernatant of blood and tablet samples with high recoveries in range of 90% and 100%. Erythrosine in the aqueous sample phase was extracted into 200 μL hydrophobic DES phase at pH 7.0. The effect of important analytical variables such as pH of sample solution, mol ratio of DES components, volume of DES, ultrasonic-based extraction time, sample volume and salt effect were optimized. The preconcentration factor (PF), limit of detection (LOD), intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD, %) for the developed procedure were found as 40, 3.75 μg·L−1, 2.6% and 4.6%, respectively.
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separation enrichment and spectrophotometric determination of Erythrosine e127 in drug cosmetic and food samples by heat induced homogeneous liquid liquid microextraction method
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Nebiye Ozkantar, Erkan Yilmaz, Mustafa Soylak, Mustafa TuzenAbstract:Heat-induced homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction method (HIH-LLME) has been proposed for separation/enrichment of trace levels of Erythrosine in drug, cosmetic and food samples prior to its U...
Noboru Hioka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Multivariate analysis of protolytic and tautomeric equilibria of Erythrosine B and its ester derivatives in ionic and non-ionic micelles
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2020Co-Authors: Diogo Silva Pellosi, Noboru Hioka, Wilker Caetano, Camila Fabiano Freitas, Douglas Vanzin, Thais Lazzarotto Braga, Vagner Roberto BatistelaAbstract:Abstract Erythrosine B (ERY) is a xanthene dye that has been widely used in recent years as a photoactive drug for Photodynamic Therapy. However, application of ERY and its derivatives as photosensitizer drugs depend not only on their singlet oxygen quantum yield, but also on their hydrophobicity, and photoactive protolytic and tautomeric species. In this work, the objective was to evaluate the acid-base equilibria of ERY and its derivatives: Erythrosine methyl ester (ERYMET); Erythrosine butyl ester (ERYBUT) and Erythrosine decyl ester (ERYDEC), in biomimetic media (micelles of SDS and CTAB) as well as in some drug delivery systems of triblock copolymer Poloxamer (P-123 and F-127). All protolytic chemical equilibria were studied by employing chemometric multivariate analysis based on the Imbrie's Q-Mode Factor Analysis and k-Matrix methods. Tautomeric equilibria were evaluated taking into account of possible chemical structures and electronic spectroscopic approximations. Results from ester derivatives presenting only one protolytic equilibrium (at the phenolate group) and two possible tautomers, allow us to determine that protolytic equilibria follow the sequence pKaCOOH
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Multivariate analysis of protolytic and tautomeric equilibria of Erythrosine B and its ester derivatives in ionic and non-ionic micelles
'Elsevier BV', 2020Co-Authors: Camila Fabiano Freitas, Wilker Caetano, Vanzin Douglas, Braga, Thais Lazzarotto, Pellosi, Diogo Silva, Batistela, Vagner Roberto, Noboru HiokaAbstract:Erythrosine B (ERY) is a xanthene dye that has been widely used in recent years as a photoactive drug for Photodynamic Therapy. However, application of ERY and its derivatives as photosensitizer drugs depend not only on their singlet oxygen quantum yield, but also on their hydrophobicity, and photoactive protolytic and tautomeric species. In this work, the objective was to evaluate the acid-base equilibria of ERY and its derivatives: Erythrosine methyl ester (ERYMET); Erythrosine butyl ester (ERYBUT) and Erythrosine decyl ester (ERYDEC), in biomimetic media (micelles of SDS and CTAB) as well as in some drug delivery systems of triblock copolymer Poloxamer (P-123 and F-127). All protolytic chemical equilibria were studied by employing chemometric multivariate analysis based on the Imbrie's Q-Mode Factor Analysis and k-Matrix methods. Tautomeric equilibria were evaluated taking into account of possible chemical structures and electronic spectroscopic approximations. Results from ester derivatives presenting only one protolytic equilibrium (at the phenolate group) and two possible tautomers, allow us to determine that protolytic equilibria follow the sequence pKaCOOH < pKaOH in SDS media for ERY by structure comparison. On the other hand, CTAB and polaxamers inverted the acidity of ERY protolytic groups (pKaOH < pKaCOOH) due to changes in the tautomeric equilibrium due to a lactone formation for the dyes neutral protolytic species inside the micelles. Chemometric approaches provided detailed analyses of protolytic/tautomeric equilibria of ERY. Through this, we achieved a deeper understanding of how ERY and its derivatives are affected by microenvironments in biomimetic and drug delivery systems.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP: 2019/01604-
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Xanthene Dyes and Green LED for the Inactivation of Foodborne Pathogens in Planktonic and Biofilm States
'Wiley', 2019Co-Authors: Alex Fiori Silva, Noboru Hioka, Adriele Rodrigues Dos Santos, Daliah Alves Coelho Trevisan, Edineia Bonin, Camila Fabiano Freitas, Andreia Farias Pereira Batista, Manuel Simões, Jane Martha Graton MikchaAbstract:This study evaluated the rose bengal- and Erythrosine-mediated photoinactivation against Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus planktonic and sessile cells using green LED as a light source. The free-living or 2-day-old biofilm cells were treated with different concentrations of the photosensitizing agents and subjected to irradiation. Only 5 min photosensitization with rose bengal at 25 nmol L-1 and 75 mu mol L-1 completely eliminated S. aureus and S. Typhimurium planktonic cells, respectively. Erythrosine at 500 nmol L-1 and 5 min of light exposure also reduced S. aureus planktonic cells to undetectable levels. Eradication of S. aureus biofilms was achieved when 500 mu mol L-1 of Erythrosine or 250 mu mol L-1 of rose bengal was combined with 30 min of irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy allowed the observation of morphological changes in planktonic cells and disruption of the biofilm architecture after photodynamic treatment. The overall data demonstrate that rose bengal and Erythrosine activated by green LED may be a targeted strategy for controlling foodborne pathogens in both planktonic and sessile states
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antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy using Erythrosine methylene blue combination on streptococcus mutans biofilm
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 2018Co-Authors: Laise Midori Tokubo, Noboru Hioka, Pedro Luiz Rosalen, Mitsue Fujimaki, Janaina De Cassia Orlandi Sardi, Irlan Almeida Freires, Josely Emiko Umeda, Patricia Magalhaes Barbosa, Gabriela Ortolan Tecchio, Camila Fabiano FreitasAbstract:Abstract Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has demonstrated promising results in the treatment of several clinical pathologies through the photochemical reaction caused by the combination of a photosensitizer and a light source. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the combination of the photosensitizers (PSs) Erythrosine/methylene blue activated by a white halogen light device on Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Methods Two separate experiments were conducted, the first using the PSs at the concentration of 100 μM, and the second 250 μM. The PSs were tested on S. mutans biofilms cultured for 24 h in isolation, in combination, with and without light activation for 2 min fractionated in 4 periods of 30 s. After treatment, biofilms were diluted and plated on BHI medium and incubated for 24 h for colony forming units (CFU) counting. The results (log10) were analyzed with ANOVA followed by Tukey test (p Results The Erythrosine/methylene blue combination activated by white halogen light at 100 and 250 μM, and Erythrosine at 250 μM, methylene blue at 250 μM presented significantly reduced cell counts (3.2 log10, 5.3 log10, 4.5 log10, 4.3 log10, respectively) when compared to controls (p Conclusion PDT with the combination of Erythrosine/methylene blue demonstrated better results that the PSs in isolation regardless of the concentration. The use of this combination at the concentration of 250 μM shows promise as an antibacterial treatment for carious lesions and should be further assessed.
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Singlet oxygen production by combining Erythrosine and halogen light for photodynamic inactivation of Streptococcus mutans
Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy, 2016Co-Authors: Camila Fracalossi, Juliana Yuri Nagata, Diogo Silva Pellosi, Raquel Sano Suga Terada, Noboru Hioka, Mauro Luciano Baesso, Francielle Sato, Pedro Luiz Rosalen, Wilker Caetano, Mitsue FujimakiAbstract:Abstract Background Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms is based on a photosensitizing substance which, in the presence of light and molecular oxygen, produces singlet oxygen, a toxic agent to microorganisms and tumor cells. This study aimed to evaluate singlet oxygen quantum yield of Erythrosine solutions illuminated with a halogen light source in comparison to a LED array (control), and the photodynamic effect of Erythrosine dye in association with the halogen light source on Streptococcus mutans . Methods Singlet oxygen quantum yield of Erythrosine solutions was quantified using uric acid as a chemical-probe in an aqueous solution. The in vitro effect of the photodynamic antimicrobial activity of Erythrosine in association with the halogen photopolimerizing light on Streptococcus mutans (UA 159) was assessed during one minute. Bacterial cultures treated with Erythrosine alone served as negative control. Results Singlet oxygen with 24% and 2.8% degradation of uric acid in one minute and a quantum yield of 0.59 and 0.63 was obtained for the Erythrosine samples illuminated with the halogen light and the LED array, respectively. The bacterial cultures with Erythrosine illuminated with the halogen light presented a decreased number of CFU mL −1 in comparison with the negative control, with minimal inhibitory concentrations between 0.312 and 0.156 mg mL −1 . Conclusions The photodynamic response of Erythrosine induced by the halogen light was capable of killing S. mutans. Clinical trials should be conducted to better ascertain the use of Erythrosine in association with halogen light source for the treatment of dental caries.
Teerasak Damrongrungruang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inhibitory effects of Erythrosine curcumin derivatives nano titanium dioxide mediated photodynamic therapy on candida albicans
Molecules, 2021Co-Authors: Kasama Kanpittaya, Aroon Teerakapong, Noppawan Phumala Morales, Doosadee Hormdee, Aroonsri Priprem, Wilawan Weeraarchakul, Teerasak DamrongrungruangAbstract:This study focuses on the role of photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. The photosensitizers were prepared in combinations of 110/220 µM Erythrosine and/or 10/20 µM demethoxy/bisdemethoxy curcumin with/without 10% (w/w) nano-titanium dioxide. Irradiation was performed with a dental blue light in the 395–480 nm wavelength range, with a power density of 3200 mW/cm2 and yield of 72 J/cm2. The production of ROS and hydroxyl radical was investigated using an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer for each individual photosensitizer or in photosensitizer combinations. Subsequently, a PrestoBlue® toxicity test of the gingival fibroblast cells was performed at 6 and 24 h on the eight highest ROS-generating photosensitizers containing curcumin derivatives and Erythrosine 220 µM. Finally, the antifungal ability of 22 test photosensitizers, Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), were cultured in biofilm form at 37 °C for 48 h, then the colonies were counted in colony-forming units (CFU/mL) via the drop plate technique, and then the log reduction was calculated. The results showed that at 48 h the test photosensitizers could simultaneously produce both ROS types. All test photosensitizers demonstrated no toxicity on the fibroblast cells. In total, 18 test photosensitizers were able to inhibit Candida albicans similarly to nystatin. Conclusively, 20 µM bisdemethoxy curcumin + 220 µM Erythrosine + 10% (w/w) nano-titanium dioxide exerted the highest inhibitory effect on Candida albicans.
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fungicidal effect of combined nano tio 2 with Erythrosine for mediated photodynamic therapy on candida albicans an in vitro study
Lasers in Dental Science, 2017Co-Authors: Aroon Teerakapong, Teerasak Damrongrungruang, Sajee Sattayut, Noppawan Phumala Morales, Angkhana Sangpanya, Manuswee TanapoomchaiAbstract:Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause oral candidiasis. Antifungal drugs have been used for treatment, but resistance to these drugs has emerged in recent years. Photodynamic therapy is one of the alternative treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the killing of C. albicans biofilms in photodynamic therapy in vitro by Erythrosine (Ery) gel on its own or in combination with nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) stimulated by blue light (BL). Four test groups were studied, namely, Ery gel at 220 and 440 μM, in the presence or absence of 1% TiO2 + BL, and the control group. After C. albicans biofilms were prepared, a photosensitizer was applied to them for 15 min. Test groups were then activated by BL with 15 J/cm2 energy for 1 min, and the number of CFU/mL in log10 was compared between the test and control groups. In addition, the generation of reactive oxygen species by the effective photosensitizer was tested by electron spin resonance spectrometer (ESR) using 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide. C. albicans survival rates were different with statistical significance across all groups by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.001). The group of 440 μM Ery gel + 1% TiO2 + BL showed the highest efficacy (p = 0.05). Results of ESR showed that all Ery gel + BL groups generated significantly more singlet oxygen compared with control groups. None of the groups, however, generated detectable levels of hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion. Erythrosine with blue light is an effective photosensitizer that can kill C. albicans, and nano-titanium dioxide acts as a catalyst that enhances the effect of Erythrosine.
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Efficacy of Erythrosine and cyanidin-3-glucoside mediated photodynamic therapy on Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms using green light laser.
Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy, 2017Co-Authors: Aroon Teerakapong, Teerasak Damrongrungruang, Sajee Sattayut, Noppawan Phumala Morales, Surada TantananugoolAbstract:Abstract Background The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of Erythrosine and cyanidin-3-glucoside as photosensitizers in PDT for the elimination of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) biofilms. Methods P. gingivalis biofilms were prepared from a chronic periodontitis subject. Erythrosine and cyanidin-3-glucoside were prepared and randomly allocated as follows: 110, 220, 330, and 440 μM Erythrosine; 101, 202, 303, and 404 μM anthocyanin; and 440 μM Erythrosine + 404 μM cyanidin-3-glucoside. There were 18 PDT experimental groups (non-irradiated/irradiated with a 532-nm green light diode laser at 1.29 J/cm 2 for 60 s). The 3 controls were grouped as follows: biofilms exposed to the photosensitizers alone, biofilms exposed to the laser alone, and biofilms exposed to 0.12% chlorhexidine. All sample groups were cultured at 1, 3 and 6 h after PDT and incubated in an anaerobic chamber at 37 °C for 4 days. The surviving fraction was calculated from the log 10 CFU/ml. The 330 and 440 μM Erythrosine and the 440 μM Erythrosine + 404 μM cyanidin-3-glucoside were mixed with spin traps (TEMPO, DMPO), and the electron spin resonance spectra were evaluated. Results The log 10 CFU/ml measurements showed that the PDT groups with 330 μM or 440 μM Erythrosine and 440 μM Erythrosine + 404 μM cyanidin-3-glucoside had statistically significant differences from the other groups (one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test, p- value ≤ 0.05). Conclusions PDT using 330 μM Erythrosine, 440 μM Erythrosine or 440 μM Erythrosine + 404 μM cyanidin-3-glucoside irradiated with the laser more effectively inhibited P. gingivalis in biofilms.