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Frank F. Eves - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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learnt effects of environmental cues on transport related walking disrupting habits with health promotion
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Frank F. Eves, Anna PuigriberaAbstract:Background In Ecological models, physical environments can be important determinants of transport-related walking. With repeated exposure to the same environment, learning of a linkage between the cues in the environment and walking should occur. Subsequent encounters with the cues can prompt the behaviour relatively automatically. No studies have experimentally tested the potential learning of this linkage between cues and behaviour. Choices between stairs and Escalators in public access settings were employed to test this premise for transport-related walking. Methods Three studies investigated the effects of visual cues on stair/Escalator choices (combined n = 115,062). In quasi-experimental, interrupted time-series designs, observers audited choices in public access settings. Design alone phases with art or coloured backgrounds were compared with design plus message phases in which verbal health promotion messages were superimposed on the visual cues. Analyses used bootstrapped logistic regression. Results In initial studies, the design alone phases had no effect whereas subsequent design plus message phases reduced Escalator choice. In two further studies, a 5-6 week design plus message phase that reduced Escalator choice preceded a design alone phase. The visual background behind the successful health promotion message was reintroduced four weeks after the intervention was removed. The visual cue of design alone reduced Escalator choice after it had been paired with the verbal health promotion message. There were no differences between art and coloured backgrounds. Conclusion These studies demonstrate for the first time a learnt linkage between transport-related walking and environmental cues. Discussion focuses on the mechanisms that may underlie this learning and cues in the environment that are relevant to transport-related walking.
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Increasing stair climbing in a train station: The effects of contextual variables and visibility
Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Frank F. Eves, Ellinor K. Olander, Gayle Nicoll, Anna Puig-ribera, Carl GriffinAbstract:Accumulation of physical activity during daily living is a current public health target that is influenced by the layout of the built environment. This study reports how the layout of the environment may influence responsiveness to an intervention. Pedestrian choices between stairs and the adjacent Escalators were monitored for 7 weeks in a train station (Birmingham, UK). After a 3.5 week baseline period, a stair riser banner intervention to increase stair climbing was installed on two staircases adjacent to Escalators and monitoring continued for a further 3.5 weeks. Logistic regression analyses revealed that the visibility of the intervention, defined as the area of visibility in the horizontal plane opposite to the direction of travel (termed the isovist) had a major effect on success of the intervention. Only the largest isovist produced an increase in stair climbing. Additionally, stair climbing was more common during the morning rush hour and at higher levels of pedestrian traffic volume. The layout of the intervention site can influence responsiveness to point-of-choice interventions. Changes to the design of train stations may maximize the choice of the stairs at the expense of the Escalator by pedestrians leaving the station.
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modelling effects of stair width on rates of stair climbing in a train station
Preventive Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Frank F. Eves, Amanda L Lewis, Christine GriffinAbstract:Abstract Objectives Commuters leaving a station often choose the stair as a quicker exit than the Escalator. This paper models the effects of speed leaving the station and stair width on choice of the stairs or Escalator. Methods Aggregated data from previous studies ( n = 82,347) revealed a plateau at about 45% stair use as the number leaving each train rose. Subsequently, the time taken by passengers on the stairs and Escalator was measured in a station in Birmingham, UK in 2007 ( n = 5848). The resulting transport rates (passengers s − 1 ) for stairs and Escalators at the average commuting traffic were used to estimate the effects of increases in stair width on choice of the stairs. Results Average transport rates were higher for the Escalator (0.93 ± 0.33 passengers s − 1 ) than the stairs (0.58 ± 0.24 passengers s − 1 ). Modelling of the effects of transport rate with multiple regression suggested 40.1% of passengers would use the stairs, a figure close to the observed rate. Using similar calculations, a doubling of width of the stairs could result maximally in a 17.2% increase in stair use. Conclusions Changes to the width of stairs could produce a permanent increase in lifestyle physical activity immune to the effects of time on healthy intentions.
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promoting stair climbing intervention effects generalize to a subsequent stair ascent
American Journal of Health Promotion, 2007Co-Authors: Oliver J Webb, Frank F. EvesAbstract:Abstract Purpose. Studies report a significant increase in stair use when message prompts are introduced at the “point of choice” between stairs and Escalators. Climbing one set of stairs, however, will not confer meaningful health dividends. Therefore, this study examined whether exposure to point of choice prompts also encouraged individuals to climb the next set of stairs that they encountered. Design. Interrupted time-series design. Settings. Two separate stair/Escalator pairings within a U.K. shopping mall (the “intervention” site and the “generalization” site), separated by a 25-m long atrium. Subjects. Ascending pedestrians (intervention site n = 29,713; generalization site n = 47,553). Interventions. Two weeks of baseline monitoring were followed by a 13-week intervention in which banners carrying health promotion messages were introduced at the intervention site only. Measures. At both sites observers inconspicuously recorded pedestrians' methods of ascent, along with their gender, age, ethnicity...
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worksite interventions to increase stair climbing reasons for caution
Preventive Medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Frank F. Eves, Oliver J WebbAbstract:Point-of-choice prompts to use the stairs rather than the Escalator consistently increase physical activity at public access staircases such as those in shopping malls. More recently, exercise promoters have targeted stair climbing in the worksite. A review of interventions in worksites reveals little hard evidence of successful increases in stair climbing, though the increases in stair usage are encouraging. The contrast between the worksites and public access staircases, however, is not simply one of location. In a worksite, the choice is between the stairs and an elevator rather than an Escalator. We reason that the availability of the elevator or the stairwell may be the major immediate determinant of stair climbing in worksites and dilute any possible effects of an intervention.
Carl Griffin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Increasing stair climbing in a train station: The effects of contextual variables and visibility
Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Frank F. Eves, Ellinor K. Olander, Gayle Nicoll, Anna Puig-ribera, Carl GriffinAbstract:Accumulation of physical activity during daily living is a current public health target that is influenced by the layout of the built environment. This study reports how the layout of the environment may influence responsiveness to an intervention. Pedestrian choices between stairs and the adjacent Escalators were monitored for 7 weeks in a train station (Birmingham, UK). After a 3.5 week baseline period, a stair riser banner intervention to increase stair climbing was installed on two staircases adjacent to Escalators and monitoring continued for a further 3.5 weeks. Logistic regression analyses revealed that the visibility of the intervention, defined as the area of visibility in the horizontal plane opposite to the direction of travel (termed the isovist) had a major effect on success of the intervention. Only the largest isovist produced an increase in stair climbing. Additionally, stair climbing was more common during the morning rush hour and at higher levels of pedestrian traffic volume. The layout of the intervention site can influence responsiveness to point-of-choice interventions. Changes to the design of train stations may maximize the choice of the stairs at the expense of the Escalator by pedestrians leaving the station.
Richard D Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ion elevators and Escalators in multilevel structures for lossless ion manipulations
Analytical Chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Yehia M Ibrahim, Ahmed M. Hamid, Sandilya V.b. Garimella, Jonathan T Cox, Richard D SmithAbstract:We describe two approaches based upon ion “elevator” and “Escalator” components that allow moving ions to different levels in structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM). Guided by ion motion simulations, we designed elevator and Escalator components based upon ion current measurements providing essentially lossless transmission in multilevel designs. The ion elevator design allowed ions to efficiently bridge a 4 mm gap between levels. The component was integrated in a SLIM and coupled to a QTOF mass spectrometer using an ion funnel interface to evaluate the m/z range transmitted as compared to transmission within a level (e.g., in a linear section). The analysis of singly charged ions of m/z 600–2700 produced similar mass spectra for both elevator and straight (linear motion) components. In the ion Escalator design, traveling waves (TW) were utilized to transport ions efficiently between two SLIM levels. Ion current measurements and ion mobility (IM) spectrometry analysis illustrated that ions can b...
Oliver J Webb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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promoting stair climbing intervention effects generalize to a subsequent stair ascent
American Journal of Health Promotion, 2007Co-Authors: Oliver J Webb, Frank F. EvesAbstract:Abstract Purpose. Studies report a significant increase in stair use when message prompts are introduced at the “point of choice” between stairs and Escalators. Climbing one set of stairs, however, will not confer meaningful health dividends. Therefore, this study examined whether exposure to point of choice prompts also encouraged individuals to climb the next set of stairs that they encountered. Design. Interrupted time-series design. Settings. Two separate stair/Escalator pairings within a U.K. shopping mall (the “intervention” site and the “generalization” site), separated by a 25-m long atrium. Subjects. Ascending pedestrians (intervention site n = 29,713; generalization site n = 47,553). Interventions. Two weeks of baseline monitoring were followed by a 13-week intervention in which banners carrying health promotion messages were introduced at the intervention site only. Measures. At both sites observers inconspicuously recorded pedestrians' methods of ascent, along with their gender, age, ethnicity...
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worksite interventions to increase stair climbing reasons for caution
Preventive Medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Frank F. Eves, Oliver J WebbAbstract:Point-of-choice prompts to use the stairs rather than the Escalator consistently increase physical activity at public access staircases such as those in shopping malls. More recently, exercise promoters have targeted stair climbing in the worksite. A review of interventions in worksites reveals little hard evidence of successful increases in stair climbing, though the increases in stair usage are encouraging. The contrast between the worksites and public access staircases, however, is not simply one of location. In a worksite, the choice is between the stairs and an elevator rather than an Escalator. We reason that the availability of the elevator or the stairwell may be the major immediate determinant of stair climbing in worksites and dilute any possible effects of an intervention.
Christine Griffin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modelling effects of stair width on rates of stair climbing in a train station
Preventive Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Frank F. Eves, Amanda L Lewis, Christine GriffinAbstract:Abstract Objectives Commuters leaving a station often choose the stair as a quicker exit than the Escalator. This paper models the effects of speed leaving the station and stair width on choice of the stairs or Escalator. Methods Aggregated data from previous studies ( n = 82,347) revealed a plateau at about 45% stair use as the number leaving each train rose. Subsequently, the time taken by passengers on the stairs and Escalator was measured in a station in Birmingham, UK in 2007 ( n = 5848). The resulting transport rates (passengers s − 1 ) for stairs and Escalators at the average commuting traffic were used to estimate the effects of increases in stair width on choice of the stairs. Results Average transport rates were higher for the Escalator (0.93 ± 0.33 passengers s − 1 ) than the stairs (0.58 ± 0.24 passengers s − 1 ). Modelling of the effects of transport rate with multiple regression suggested 40.1% of passengers would use the stairs, a figure close to the observed rate. Using similar calculations, a doubling of width of the stairs could result maximally in a 17.2% increase in stair use. Conclusions Changes to the width of stairs could produce a permanent increase in lifestyle physical activity immune to the effects of time on healthy intentions.