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P H Alsbirk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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corneal diameter in greenland Eskimos anthropometric and genetic studies with special reference to primary angle closure glaucoma
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2009Co-Authors: P H AlsbirkAbstract:In a population survey the corneal diameter (CD) was measured in 1,211 adult Greenland Eskimos from six districts. Using a Wessely keratometer, transversal and vertical readings were performed, and the CD value taken as the average. The unimodal distributions obtained were found to differ from normality. The results suggested a small decrease of CD with age whereas the sex difference (0.2 mm) was highly significant. Geographical variation was found, a West Greenland group (Umanaq) being below the others, while the purest Eskimos (from Angmagssalik) showed higher mean values. A Danish control sample had significantly larger corneae, about 0.5 mm above the Eskimos, and agreed with other reports on Europeans. The CD values and the anterior chamber depth (ACD) were positively correlated. The Eskimo primary angle-closure glaucoma patients showed a slight deviation towards the lower CD classes. The familial CD distributions suggested a mainly genetic determination of corneal size.
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anterior chamber depth and primary angle closure glaucoma i an epidemiologic study in greenland Eskimos
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2009Co-Authors: P H AlsbirkAbstract:The anterior chamber depth (ACD) was measured by optical pachymetry in 60 Eskimos with primary angle-closure glaucoma (a.c.g.). They lived in seven medical districts from nearly all parts of Greenland, in locations with a total of 2,800 Eskimo inhabitants over 40 years. Out of these, an ACD survey, recently described, covered 1,072. The a.c.g. patients had been ascertained by symptoms or through screenings. Prevalence rates are given according to epidemiologic method, age, and sex, totalling 1.6% in males and 5.1% in females, on an average 3.5%. The risk of a.c.g. at various levels of ACD was estimated in the survey population. The ACD mean value of the a.c.g. patients closely agreed with that of the Caucasian series. On the other hand, in Eskimos the mean value of the general population was only 0.5 mm above the mean ACD found in a.c.g. patients, whereas in Caucasians this difference is reported to be about 1.0 mm. An attempt is made to explain the ethnic variation and the sex difference with respect to prevalence of a.c.g. simply in terms of the ACD distribution.
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corneal thickness i age variation sex difference and oculometric correlations
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2009Co-Authors: P H AlsbirkAbstract:An oculometric survey was performed in a Greenland Eskimo population, covering 98% of selected age groups. From this sample 839 persons without corneal abnormalities, aged 7–89 years, formed the basis of a central corneal thickness (CT) study. A sample of 98 Danes in Greenland was measured for comparison. Using Haag Streit 900 pachymeter No. I, the average of three readings from both eyes was taken to represent the individuals. In Eskimos a Gaussian distribution of CT values was found with mean and SD: 0.518 + 0.032 mm in males and 0.529 + 0.029 mm in females. A significant corneal thinning with age was seen, predominantly in males (0.0007 mm decrease per year). Thus in adults an increasingly significant sex difference was observed (0.019 mm above the age of 40), while boys and girls differed only little (0.005 mm). A subsample with primary angle-closure glaucoma showed an insignificant CT excess. The Danes showed a corresponding thinning with age although not significant. A highly significant ethnic difference was found, but only in men (Eskimos 0.024 mm below Danes). In a subsample of 325 adult Eskimos oculometric correlations were studied. Between CT and refractive error (r = +0.12) as well as CT and anterior chamber depth (r = -0.12) just significant correlations were found (P < 0.05). Other relationships showed weaker correlations.
Pavel Flegontov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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palaeo Eskimo genetic ancestry and the peopling of chukotka and north america
Nature, 2019Co-Authors: Pavel Flegontov, Piya Changmai, Ezgi N Altinisik, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, Nicole AdamskiAbstract:Much of the American Arctic was first settled 5,000 years ago, by groups of people known as Palaeo-Eskimos. They were subsequently joined and largely displaced around 1,000 years ago by ancestors of the present-day Inuit and Yup’ik1–3. The genetic relationship between Palaeo-Eskimos and Native American, Inuit, Yup’ik and Aleut populations remains uncertain4–6. Here we present genomic data for 48 ancient individuals from Chukotka, East Siberia, the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and the Canadian Arctic. We co-analyse these data with data from present-day Alaskan Inupiat and West Siberian populations and published genomes. Using methods based on rare-allele and haplotype sharing, as well as established techniques4,7–9, we show that Palaeo-Eskimo-related ancestry is ubiquitous among people who speak Na-Dene and Eskimo–Aleut languages. We develop a comprehensive model for the Holocene peopling events of Chukotka and North America, and show that Na-Dene-speaking peoples, people of the Aleutian Islands, and Yup’ik and Inuit across the Arctic region all share ancestry from a single Palaeo-Eskimo-related Siberian source. DNA analysis of ancient individuals and modern populations suggests that the population history of North America can be explained by the admixture of two ancestral lineages—Palaeo-Eskimos and First Peoples.
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genomic study of the ket a paleo Eskimo related ethnic group with significant ancient north eurasian ancestry
Scientific Reports, 2016Co-Authors: Pavel Flegontov, Piya Changmai, Anastassiya Zidkova, Maria D Logacheva, Ezgi N Altinisik, Olga FlegontovaAbstract:The Kets, an ethnic group in the Yenisei River basin, Russia, are considered the last nomadic hunter-gatherers of Siberia, and Ket language has no transparent affiliation with any language family. We investigated connections between the Kets and Siberian and North American populations, with emphasis on the Mal'ta and Paleo-Eskimo ancient genomes, using original data from 46 unrelated samples of Kets and 42 samples of their neighboring ethnic groups (Uralic-speaking Nganasans, Enets, and Selkups). We genotyped over 130,000 autosomal SNPs, identified mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal haplogroups, and performed high-coverage genome sequencing of two Ket individuals. We established that Nganasans, Kets, Selkups, and Yukaghirs form a cluster of populations most closely related to Paleo-Eskimos in Siberia (not considering indigenous populations of Chukotka and Kamchatka). Kets are closely related to modern Selkups and to some Bronze and Iron Age populations of the Altai region, with all these groups sharing a high degree of Mal'ta ancestry. Implications of these findings for the linguistic hypothesis uniting Ket and Na-Dene languages into a language macrofamily are discussed.
Nicole Adamski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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palaeo Eskimo genetic ancestry and the peopling of chukotka and north america
Nature, 2019Co-Authors: Pavel Flegontov, Piya Changmai, Ezgi N Altinisik, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, Nicole AdamskiAbstract:Much of the American Arctic was first settled 5,000 years ago, by groups of people known as Palaeo-Eskimos. They were subsequently joined and largely displaced around 1,000 years ago by ancestors of the present-day Inuit and Yup’ik1–3. The genetic relationship between Palaeo-Eskimos and Native American, Inuit, Yup’ik and Aleut populations remains uncertain4–6. Here we present genomic data for 48 ancient individuals from Chukotka, East Siberia, the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and the Canadian Arctic. We co-analyse these data with data from present-day Alaskan Inupiat and West Siberian populations and published genomes. Using methods based on rare-allele and haplotype sharing, as well as established techniques4,7–9, we show that Palaeo-Eskimo-related ancestry is ubiquitous among people who speak Na-Dene and Eskimo–Aleut languages. We develop a comprehensive model for the Holocene peopling events of Chukotka and North America, and show that Na-Dene-speaking peoples, people of the Aleutian Islands, and Yup’ik and Inuit across the Arctic region all share ancestry from a single Palaeo-Eskimo-related Siberian source. DNA analysis of ancient individuals and modern populations suggests that the population history of North America can be explained by the admixture of two ancestral lineages—Palaeo-Eskimos and First Peoples.
Grösslová Lucie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Annotated translation: Cottie Burland. 1965.North American Indian Mythology, London: Paul Hamlyn, p. 7-29.
2018Co-Authors: Grösslová LucieAbstract:The present bachelors thesis comprises of the translation of selected chapters from North American Indian Mythology, written by Cottie Burland. The text describes the life, traditions and mythology of the Eskimo and various Indian tribes. The second part of the thesis deals with the translation commentary, with the main focus on the translation analysis, translation method and the typology of shifts. Key words: Cottie Burland, mythology, Eskimo, Indian tribe, commentary, translation, translation analysis, translation method, translation shif
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Annotated translation: Cottie Burland. 1965.North American Indian Mythology, London: Paul Hamlyn, p. 7-29.
Univerzita Karlova Filozofická fakulta, 2018Co-Authors: Grösslová LucieAbstract:Tato bakalářská práce sestává z překladu vybraných kapitol knihy North American Indian Mythology, jejímž autorem je Cottie Burland. Text popisuje život, tradice a mytologii Eskymáků a nejrůznějších indiánských kmenů. Druhá část práce se zabývá komentářem překladu, ve kterém je věnována pozornost analýze originálu, překladatelské metodě a typologii posunů. Klíčová slova: Cottie Burland, mytologie, Eskymák, indiánský kmen, komentář, překlad, překladatelská analýza, překladatelské metoda, překladatelský posunThe present bachelors thesis comprises of the translation of selected chapters from North American Indian Mythology, written by Cottie Burland. The text describes the life, traditions and mythology of the Eskimo and various Indian tribes. The second part of the thesis deals with the translation commentary, with the main focus on the translation analysis, translation method and the typology of shifts. Key words: Cottie Burland, mythology, Eskimo, Indian tribe, commentary, translation, translation analysis, translation method, translation shiftÚstav translatologieInstitute of Translation StudiesFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult
Poul Helge Alsbirk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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limbal and axial chamber depth variations a population study in Eskimos
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2009Co-Authors: Poul Helge AlsbirkAbstract:In an unselected population sample of 505 adult Greenland Eskimos limbal chamber depth (LCD) was estimated according to van Herick et al. (1969), and axial chamber depth (ACD) was measured optically using Haag Streit pachymetry. For comparison LCD was estimated in 308 Danes above 40 years. A marked naso-temporal asymmetry in LCD scoring was found indicating a shallower chamber at the temporal limbus. No corresponding gonioscopic asymmetry was observed. Significant age, sex, and ethnic variations were demonstrated, the lower levels of both parameters being found in elderly persons, women and Eskimos, respectively. Danes showed a lower level of LCD scores than reported in Americans. In detection of eyes showing shallow chambers in the Eskimo population (arbitrarily: ACD less than or equal to 2.0 mm) the van Herick slit-lamp test at temporal limbus yielded a sensitivity of 91%, a specificity of 53% and predictive values of a positive and a negative test of 30% and 96%, respectively. At gonioscopy narrow angles were often found among eyes showing LCD less than or equal to 1/4 of corneal thickness, even when ACD was greater than 2.0 mm (in 25%).
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limbal and axial chamber depth variations a population study in Eskimos
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2009Co-Authors: Poul Helge AlsbirkAbstract:: In an unselected population sample of 505 adult Greenland Eskimos limbal chamber depth (LCD) was estimated according to van Herick et al. (1969), and axial chamber depth (ACD) was measured optically using Haag Streit pachymetry. For comparison LCD was estimated in 308 Danes above 40 years. A marked naso-temporal asymmetry in LCD scoring was found indicating a shallower chamber at the temporal limbus. No corresponding gonioscopic asymmetry was observed. Significant age, sex, and ethnic variations were demonstrated, the lower levels of both parameters being found in elderly persons, women and Eskimos, respectively. Danes showed a lower level of LCD scores than reported in Americans. In detection of eyes showing shallow chambers in the Eskimo population (arbitrarily: ACD less than or equal to 2.0 mm) the van Herick slit-lamp test at temporal limbus yielded a sensitivity of 91%, a specificity of 53% and predictive values of a positive and a negative test of 30% and 96%, respectively. At gonioscopy narrow angles were often found among eyes showing LCD less than or equal to 1/4 of corneal thickness, even when ACD was greater than 2.0 mm (in 25%).