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H Gulvanessian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Robustness and Eurocodes
Structural Engineering International, 2006Co-Authors: H Gulvanessian, A.c.w.m. VrouwenvelderAbstract:The topic of robustness is essentially covered by two Eurocodes, EN 1990: Euro-code: Basis of Structural Design [5] which provides the high level principles for achieving robustness and EN 1991-1-7 Eurocode 1: Part 1-7 Accidental Actions [6] which provides strategies and methods to obtain robustness and the actions to consider.
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Eurocodes using reliability analysis to combine action effects
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings, 2005Co-Authors: H Gulvanessian, Milan HolickýAbstract:The head structural Eurocode for the design of buildings and other civil engineering works, EN 1990 Basis of Structural Design, establishes for all the Eurocodes the principles and requirements for safety, serviceability and durability. It provides alternative design procedures, for which national choice is allowed, in particular for the three fundamental combinations of action effects for the persistent and transient design situations in the verification of ultimate limit states. An example of a generic structural element shows that the alternative combinations may lead to considerably different reliability levels depending upon the ratio of variable actions to the total load. Probabilistic methods of structural reliability theory are used to identify characteristic features of each combination and to formulate general recommendations for the BSI National Annex for EN 1990.
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designers guide to eurocode basis of structural design
2002Co-Authors: H Gulvanessian, J A Calgaro, Milan HolickýAbstract:Designers’ Guides to the Eurocodes series provides comprehensive guidance in the form of design aids, indications for the most convenient design procedures and worked examples for the Eurocodes, with background information to aid the designer in understanding the reasoning behind and the objectives of the codes. Designers’ Guide to Eurocode: Basis of Structural Design provides guidance on the interpretation and use of EN 1990 Eurocode: Basis of structural design – the primary document in the Eurocode suite. EN 1990 establishes the principles and requirements for safety, serviceability and durability of structures designed to Eurocodes and should be applied whenever Eurocodes 1 to 9 (EN 1991 to EN 1999) are used for structural design. The lead title in the series, this guide provides explanation and commentary to the clauses in EN 1990, including the relationship to the other Eurocodes and information on the implementation of the Eurocodes and their use, with regard to National Annexes. Worked examples emphasize the rules that differ from those in previous codes. This second edition has been fully updated and revised to cover the UK National Annex to BS EN 1990 and PSI(ψ) factors for execution and includes additional examples and references to secondary guidance.
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EN1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures
Civil Engineering, 2001Co-Authors: H GulvanessianAbstract:EN1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures is in an advanced state of development and forms one of the key documents in the suite of 10 structural Eurocodes. Second only to EN1990 Eurocode—Basis of structural design, Eurocode 1 provides comprehensive information on all actions that should normally be considered in the design of building and civil engineering works. It is in four main parts, the first part being divided into sections that cover self and imposed loads and actions due to fire, snow, wind, heat, construction and accidents. The remaining three parts cover traffic loads on bridges, actions by cranes and machinery and actions in silos and tanks.
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en1990 eurocode basis of structural design
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering, 2001Co-Authors: H GulvanessianAbstract:EN1990 Eurocode—Basis of structural design was finally approved in October 2001.As well as being one of the first structural European design standards to be published it is the world's first ‘material-independent’ design code, a major achievement in its own right. EN1990 is also a highly strategic document, establishing for all nine other structural Eurocodes the principles and requirements for safety, serviceability and durability.This paper provides an introduction to the head Eurocode, its innovative approach to reliability and risk-management and its limit-state design philosophy. It also summarises the loading combinations for which all European structures will need to be assessed in the forseeable future.
Milan Holický - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Basis for Design of Bearings in New the Generation of Eurocodes
Solid State Phenomena, 2020Co-Authors: Jana Marková, Milan Holický, Karel Jung, Miroslav SýkoraAbstract:A new generation of Eurocodes for structural design is currently being prepared within the Technical Committee CEN/TC 250. The revised Eurocode EN 1990 will be supplemented by the new Annex F for the basis of design of bridge bearings. Harmonised European provisions are still missing with recommended procedures for determination of basis of design and actions on bearings, taking into account various types of uncertainties. In particular, problems can occur where it is necessary to replace bearings at existing bridges according to the new procedures of Eurocodes which can lead to the design of a bigger size of new bearings despite the existing bearings served well for many years. The developed amendment of National Annex to EN 1990 for the basis of structural design should refine the design procedures. The submitted paper describes inconsistencies and main principles of the changes focusing on thermal actions.
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economic and human safety reliability levels for existing structures
Structural Concrete, 2015Co-Authors: Raphael D J M Steenbergen, Milan Holický, Miroslav Sýkora, Dimitris Diamantidis, Ton VrouwenvelderAbstract:Specifying the target reliability levels is one of the key issues in the assessment of existing structures. For a majority of existing buildings and infrastructures, the design life has been reached or will be reached in the near future. These structures need to be reassessed in order to verify their safety. Eurocodes provide a general basis primarily intended for the design of new structures, but the basic principles can be used for assessing existing buildings, too. Reliability levels are generally based on both economic optimization and criteria for human safety. In this study, both methods are elaborated for existing structures. It appears that the requirement for the same target reliability for existing and new structures is uneconomical. Further, cost optimization seems to yield rather low reliability levels and human safety criteria often become the critical factor. The study concludes with practical guidelines for establishing reliability indices for existing structures linked to Eurocode principles.
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Eurocodes using reliability analysis to combine action effects
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings, 2005Co-Authors: H Gulvanessian, Milan HolickýAbstract:The head structural Eurocode for the design of buildings and other civil engineering works, EN 1990 Basis of Structural Design, establishes for all the Eurocodes the principles and requirements for safety, serviceability and durability. It provides alternative design procedures, for which national choice is allowed, in particular for the three fundamental combinations of action effects for the persistent and transient design situations in the verification of ultimate limit states. An example of a generic structural element shows that the alternative combinations may lead to considerably different reliability levels depending upon the ratio of variable actions to the total load. Probabilistic methods of structural reliability theory are used to identify characteristic features of each combination and to formulate general recommendations for the BSI National Annex for EN 1990.
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designers guide to eurocode basis of structural design
2002Co-Authors: H Gulvanessian, J A Calgaro, Milan HolickýAbstract:Designers’ Guides to the Eurocodes series provides comprehensive guidance in the form of design aids, indications for the most convenient design procedures and worked examples for the Eurocodes, with background information to aid the designer in understanding the reasoning behind and the objectives of the codes. Designers’ Guide to Eurocode: Basis of Structural Design provides guidance on the interpretation and use of EN 1990 Eurocode: Basis of structural design – the primary document in the Eurocode suite. EN 1990 establishes the principles and requirements for safety, serviceability and durability of structures designed to Eurocodes and should be applied whenever Eurocodes 1 to 9 (EN 1991 to EN 1999) are used for structural design. The lead title in the series, this guide provides explanation and commentary to the clauses in EN 1990, including the relationship to the other Eurocodes and information on the implementation of the Eurocodes and their use, with regard to National Annexes. Worked examples emphasize the rules that differ from those in previous codes. This second edition has been fully updated and revised to cover the UK National Annex to BS EN 1990 and PSI(ψ) factors for execution and includes additional examples and references to secondary guidance.
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DESIGNERS' HANDBOOK TO EUROCODE 1: PART 1: BASIS OF DESIGN
1996Co-Authors: H Gulvanessian, Milan HolickýAbstract:The principal aim of this handbook is to provide the user with guidance on the interpretation and use of Eurocode 1, Part 1: Basis of Design. The handbook also provides information on the status of ENV Eurocodes, their use with regard to National Application Documents and the progression of the ENV Eurocodes to EN status. It provides explanations and commentary to the clauses in Eurocode 1, Part 1. The background to the research-based principles and rules is discussed, emphasising those rules which differ from those in existing codes, and worked examples illustrate the use of new procedures.
Trevor L. L. Orr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Honing safety and reliability aspects for the second generation of Eurocode 7
Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards, 2019Co-Authors: Trevor L. L. OrrAbstract:ABSTRACTTen years after their publication, the Eurocodes, including Eurocode 7 for Geotechnical design, are being revised taking into account experiences with their use and developments in design c...
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Discussion: How Eurocode 7 has affected geotechnical design: a review
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Geotechnical Engineering, 2013Co-Authors: Trevor L. L. Orr, Paul J VardanegaAbstract:Contribution by P. J. Vardanega The discusser read the author’s paper with great interest, and acknowledges his contributions to the Eurocode 7 development process and the associated academic commentary (e.g. Orr, 2000, 2012a, 2012b). The paper is an excellent summary of the present state of Eurocode development. The Eurocodes cannot be allowed to ossify. In this spirit there are a few points from the paper worthy of discussion with regard to future code development.
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Reliability of shallow foundations designed to Eurocode 7
Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards, 2010Co-Authors: William S. Forrest, Trevor L. L. OrrAbstract:Eurocode 7, the new European standard for geotechnical design, is based on the limit state design method, with partial factors and characteristic parameter values. An objective of the Eurocodes is that the chosen partial factors should achieve reliability levels for a structure close to a prescribed target value. The target ultimate limit state reliability index for a medium risk structure for 50 years is 3.8. This paper examines the reliability of an inclined-eccentrically and vertically loaded square foundation designed using all three Design Approaches in Eurocode 7 with the recommended partial factor values given in EN1997-1. The reliabilities obtained using the three Design Approaches are compared with the target reliability value and the reliabilities of traditional designs using overall factors of safety. The paper provides evidence that Eurocode 7 gives more consistent reliabilities for a greater range of parameter values than the traditional allowable stress method and demonstrates the importance...
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Development and implementation of Eurocode 7
New Generation Design Codes for Geotechnical Engineering Practice — Taipei 2006, 2006Co-Authors: Trevor L. L. OrrAbstract:The development of Eurocode 7, the new European standard for geotechnical design, is traced from the decision of the European Commission in 1975 to establish a set of harmonized technical rules for structural design, known as the Eurocodes, to remove the barriers to trade within the EEC. The stages involved in the development of Eurocode 7 from the first committee meeting in 1981 to the publication in 2004 of EN 1997-1, the European Standard version of Eurocode 7, are outlined. The challenges that had to be overcome in preparing a geotechnical design code that harmonized geotechnical design with structural design within the Eurocode framework are explained. The process of implementing Eurocode 7 as a national standard in each European country through the preparation of National Annexes is outlined. Details are given of Nationally Determined Parameters chosen for the Irish National Annex. The Irish National Annex with the text of EN 1997-1 was published in 2007 as I.S. EN 1997-1 and is the first Irish standard for geotechnical design. The significance of this is that Eurocode 7 can now be used for geotechnical design in Ireland and will be called up in public contracts from 31 March 2010, which is when the Eurocode Era is due to start. The Development and Implementation of Eurocode 7 Orr T.L.L 2 1. Background: 1975-1980 Eurocode 7, the new European code for geotechnical design, is one of the set of 58 Eurocodes for structural, including geotechnical, design throughout Europe. The concept of the Eurocodes arose as a consequence of the European Commission deciding in 1975 on an action programme to remove the barriers to trade in construction within the member states of the European Community. Within this action programme the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules, known as the Eurocodes. It was intended that the Eurocodes would, at a first stage, serve as an alternative to the national standards and, ultimately, would replace them. It was also decided to base the Eurocodes on the limit state design method with characteristic values and partial factors. A Eurocode Steering Committee to oversee the work on the Eurocodes was established by the section of the Directorate General for the Internal Market, DG3.1. In 1979 a geotechnical engineer on the Eurocode Steering Committee informed the International Society for Soil mechanics and Foundation Engineering (ISSMFE) of the proposal to prepare a Eurocode for geotechnical design. Professor Kevin Nash, Secretary General of the ISSMFE, wrote to the EC stating that the ISSMFE was keenly interested to become involved in the work on EC 7 and to draft a proposal for Eurocode 7. This paper outlines the stages in the development of Eurocode 7, the challenges that had to be overcome, the process for its implementation in the CEN Member States and the main features of the Irish National Annex for Eurocode 7. 2. Model Code Stage: 1981 1987 Following the Professor Nash’s letter to the EC, the ISSMFE sought to identify a suitable person to chair a sub-committee to prepare the draft Eurocode 7. Following consultations with geotechnical engineers in Europe, Professor Fukuoka, president of the ISSMFE, asked Professor Nash in 1980 to invite Professor Niels Krebs Ovesen of the Danish Engineering Academy to chair the subcommittee and produce a model code for Eurocode 7. In 1980, invitations were sent to each of the eight geotechnical societies within the nine EEC countries at that time to nominate a representative to this committee. These nine countries were Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands and the UK; Luxembourg does not have a separate geotechnical society. The first meeting of this committee took place in Brussels in March 1981, by which time Greece had joined the EEC and so was represented at the meeting. Trevor Orr was appointed as the representative of the Geotechnical Society of Ireland on this committee and attended its second meeting in Stockholm in June 1981 during the 11 International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. The year 1981 was a time of change in the ISSMFE: Professor Nash died unexpectedly and Professor John Burland acted for a short period as Secretary General until Dr. R.H.G. Parry was appointed; Professor Fukuoka was succeeded by Professor Victor de Mello as President. The recently established Eurocode 7 subcommittee caused a problem for the new ISSMFE Steering Committee under Professor de Mello as it was a unique committee and was functioning without the status of a normal ISSMFE technical committee. Also, the members of the ISSMFE Steering Committee felt that the ISSMFE should not be engaged in drafting codes of practice. Hence, on 20 November 1981, Professor de Mello wrote to all the member societies stating that the status of the sub-committee on Eurocode 7 was under reconsideration. Subsequently, on 12 May 1982, John Burland, a member of the Steering Committee, wrote to Niels Krebs Ovesen, as requested by Professor de Mello, suggesting that the committee should be designated an ad-hoc committee consisting of representatives from the nine member societies of the ISSMFE. It was agreed with Krebs Ovesen that when the final draft had been produced it would go to the nine ISSMFE member societies who would express their views on the draft. The draft would then be sent to the European Commission with the views of the member societies. Also the following statement relating to the ad-hoc committee appears in the minutes of the ISSMFE Steering Committee meeting in May 1983: Any publication of this committee should not imply responsibility of the ISSMFE. The withdrawal of ISSMFE sponsorship from the committee, while disappointing, did not in fact affect its work nor did it result in any members leaving the committee. The members were happy to continue working on the ad-hoc committee for their national societies under the leadership of Niels Krebs Ovesen. When Portugal and Spain joined the EEC in 1985, representatives from these countries also joined the ad-hoc committee. Meetings were held in the countries of the committee members so that, as well as drafting the model code, they learnt about the geotechnical practices in the different countries. The eighth meeting was held in Dublin at the Institution of Engineers of Ireland in January 1983. Figure 1 is a photograph of those who attended that meeting. After 22 meetings held in the 6 years between 1981 and 1987, the ad-hoc committee completed its work and submitted the draft model code for Eurocode 7 shown in Figure 2 to the European Commission in December 1987. It is stated in this document that it had been prepared by representatives of the geotechnical societies within the European Communities so that, as agreed by Niels Krebs Ovesen, it is clear it was not an ISSMFE approved document. 3. First Draft Stage: 1988 1989 Once the model code for Eurocode 7 had been submitted, the European Commission then formed a smaller 7-member Drafting Panel to convert the model code into the standard Eurocode 7. Niels Krebs Ovesen was appointed Chairman of this Drafting Panel. Trevor Orr Transactions of Engineers Ireland, 2007 3 Figure 1: Eurocode 7 Ad-hoc Committee members at Meeting in the IEI, Dublin, January 1983
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Geotechnical Design to Eurocode 7
1999Co-Authors: Trevor L. L. Orr, Eric R. FarrellAbstract:The purpose of the Eurocodes is to achieve harmonisation between structural and geotechnical design in Europe. This book demonstrates how the philosophy and principles presented in Eurocode (EC) 7 are applied in practice. The clauses in EC7 are explained with detailed examples and how Cases A, B and C are used in geotechnical designs is described. The most recent developments are outlined, such as the introducation of additional design cases, as EC7 moves towards publication as a full standard. Types of design covered include shallow strip and pad foundations, cantilever and embedded sheet pile retaining walls, slope stability problems, and fills.
Chris Dolling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Steel–concrete composite bridge design charts for Eurocodes
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Rachel Mitchell, David A. Smith, Chris DollingAbstract:The switch to Eurocodes from April 2010 requires the development and updating of many existing design tools. For many years Corus, and British Steel before them, have published preliminary design charts for steel–concrete composite highway bridges as part of their suite of design guidance for bridge engineers. These charts were originally developed using BS 5400 and the Highways Agency's design manual for roads and bridges. This paper describes the development of a new set of charts based on the structural Eurocodes. The new charts take advantage of benefits in efficiency permitted by the Eurocodes and also extend the scope of the original charts. The process adopted to generate the data for the charts is described and the key differences between the BS 5400 design approach and the Eurocode approach are discussed.
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steel concrete composite bridge design charts for Eurocodes
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Rachel Mitchell, David A. Smith, Chris DollingAbstract:The switch to Eurocodes from April 2010 requires the development and updating of many existing design tools. For many years Corus, and British Steel before them, have published preliminary design charts for steel–concrete composite highway bridges as part of their suite of design guidance for bridge engineers. These charts were originally developed using BS 5400 and the Highways Agency's design manual for roads and bridges. This paper describes the development of a new set of charts based on the structural Eurocodes. The new charts take advantage of benefits in efficiency permitted by the Eurocodes and also extend the scope of the original charts. The process adopted to generate the data for the charts is described and the key differences between the BS 5400 design approach and the Eurocode approach are discussed.
Johan Silfwerbrand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ultimate load behavior of rc structural systems designed according to Eurocodes
Journal of Structural Engineering-asce, 2016Co-Authors: Filippo Sangiorgio, Johan SilfwerbrandAbstract:AbstractVarious circumstances influence the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, some of which may increase the risk of a brittle failure for the whole system caused by shear forces. This paper presents a wide probabilistic investigation on the ultimate load behavior of RC structural systems designed according to Eurocodes. A full probabilistic model is derived and different structural systems are studied through material and geometric nonlinear analysis via Monte Carlo simulations. The resistance model is consistent with a current Eurocode and considers different failure modes (axial, bending, and shear). Results show that the ultimate failure load of RC structural systems designed according to Eurocodes may vary depending on the combination of three factors: (1) structural configuration; (2) load distribution; and (3) number of stirrups.
