The Experts below are selected from a list of 14592 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Richard Shine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Evolutionary Economics of embryonic sac fluids in squamate reptiles
The American Naturalist, 2017Co-Authors: Xavier Bonnet, Guy Naulleau, Richard ShineAbstract:AbstractThe parchment-shelled eggs of squamate reptiles take up substantial water from the nest environment, enabling the conversion of yolk into neonatal tissue and buffering the embryo against the possibility of subsequent dry weather. During development, increasing amounts of water are stored in the embryonic sacs (i.e., membranes around the embryo: amnion, allantois, and chorion). The evolution of viviparity (prolonged uterine retention of developing embryos) means that embryonic-sac fluid storage now imposes a cost (increased maternal burdening), confers less benefit (because the mother buffers fetal water balance), and introduces a potential conflict among uterine siblings (for access to finite water supplies). Our data on nine species of squamate reptiles and published information on three species show that the embryonic-sac fluids comprise around 33% of neonatal mass in viviparous species versus 94% in full-term eggs of oviparous squamates. Data on parturition in 149 vipers (Vipera aspis, a vivipa...
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The Evolutionary Economics of embryonic-sac fluids in squamate reptiles
The American Naturalist, 2017Co-Authors: Xavier Bonnet, Guy Naulleau, Richard ShineAbstract:The parchment-shelled eggs of squamate reptiles take up substantial water from the nest environment, enabling the conversion of yolk into neonatal tissue and buffering the embryo against the possibility of subsequent dry weather. During development, increasing amounts of water are stored in the embryonic sacs (i.e., membranes around the embryo: amnion, allantois, and chorion). The evolution of viviparity (prolonged uterine retention of developing embryos) means that embryonic-sac fluid storage now imposes a cost (increased maternal burdening), confers less benefit (because the mother buffers fetal water balance), and introduces a potential conflict among uterine siblings (for access to finite water supplies). Our data on nine species of squamate reptiles and published information on three species show that the embryonic-sac fluids comprise around 33% of neonatal mass in viviparous species versus 94% in full-term eggs of oviparous squamates. Data on parturition in 149 vipers (Vipera aspis, a viviparous species) show that larger offspring store more fluids in their fetal sacs and that an increase in litter size is associated with a decrease in fluid-sac mass per offspring. Overall, the Evolutionary transition from oviparity to viviparity may have substantially altered selective forces on offspring packaging and created competition among offspring for access to water reserves during embryonic development.
Xavier Bonnet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Evolutionary Economics of embryonic sac fluids in squamate reptiles
The American Naturalist, 2017Co-Authors: Xavier Bonnet, Guy Naulleau, Richard ShineAbstract:AbstractThe parchment-shelled eggs of squamate reptiles take up substantial water from the nest environment, enabling the conversion of yolk into neonatal tissue and buffering the embryo against the possibility of subsequent dry weather. During development, increasing amounts of water are stored in the embryonic sacs (i.e., membranes around the embryo: amnion, allantois, and chorion). The evolution of viviparity (prolonged uterine retention of developing embryos) means that embryonic-sac fluid storage now imposes a cost (increased maternal burdening), confers less benefit (because the mother buffers fetal water balance), and introduces a potential conflict among uterine siblings (for access to finite water supplies). Our data on nine species of squamate reptiles and published information on three species show that the embryonic-sac fluids comprise around 33% of neonatal mass in viviparous species versus 94% in full-term eggs of oviparous squamates. Data on parturition in 149 vipers (Vipera aspis, a vivipa...
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The Evolutionary Economics of embryonic-sac fluids in squamate reptiles
The American Naturalist, 2017Co-Authors: Xavier Bonnet, Guy Naulleau, Richard ShineAbstract:The parchment-shelled eggs of squamate reptiles take up substantial water from the nest environment, enabling the conversion of yolk into neonatal tissue and buffering the embryo against the possibility of subsequent dry weather. During development, increasing amounts of water are stored in the embryonic sacs (i.e., membranes around the embryo: amnion, allantois, and chorion). The evolution of viviparity (prolonged uterine retention of developing embryos) means that embryonic-sac fluid storage now imposes a cost (increased maternal burdening), confers less benefit (because the mother buffers fetal water balance), and introduces a potential conflict among uterine siblings (for access to finite water supplies). Our data on nine species of squamate reptiles and published information on three species show that the embryonic-sac fluids comprise around 33% of neonatal mass in viviparous species versus 94% in full-term eggs of oviparous squamates. Data on parturition in 149 vipers (Vipera aspis, a viviparous species) show that larger offspring store more fluids in their fetal sacs and that an increase in litter size is associated with a decrease in fluid-sac mass per offspring. Overall, the Evolutionary transition from oviparity to viviparity may have substantially altered selective forces on offspring packaging and created competition among offspring for access to water reserves during embryonic development.
Guy Naulleau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Evolutionary Economics of embryonic sac fluids in squamate reptiles
The American Naturalist, 2017Co-Authors: Xavier Bonnet, Guy Naulleau, Richard ShineAbstract:AbstractThe parchment-shelled eggs of squamate reptiles take up substantial water from the nest environment, enabling the conversion of yolk into neonatal tissue and buffering the embryo against the possibility of subsequent dry weather. During development, increasing amounts of water are stored in the embryonic sacs (i.e., membranes around the embryo: amnion, allantois, and chorion). The evolution of viviparity (prolonged uterine retention of developing embryos) means that embryonic-sac fluid storage now imposes a cost (increased maternal burdening), confers less benefit (because the mother buffers fetal water balance), and introduces a potential conflict among uterine siblings (for access to finite water supplies). Our data on nine species of squamate reptiles and published information on three species show that the embryonic-sac fluids comprise around 33% of neonatal mass in viviparous species versus 94% in full-term eggs of oviparous squamates. Data on parturition in 149 vipers (Vipera aspis, a vivipa...
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The Evolutionary Economics of embryonic-sac fluids in squamate reptiles
The American Naturalist, 2017Co-Authors: Xavier Bonnet, Guy Naulleau, Richard ShineAbstract:The parchment-shelled eggs of squamate reptiles take up substantial water from the nest environment, enabling the conversion of yolk into neonatal tissue and buffering the embryo against the possibility of subsequent dry weather. During development, increasing amounts of water are stored in the embryonic sacs (i.e., membranes around the embryo: amnion, allantois, and chorion). The evolution of viviparity (prolonged uterine retention of developing embryos) means that embryonic-sac fluid storage now imposes a cost (increased maternal burdening), confers less benefit (because the mother buffers fetal water balance), and introduces a potential conflict among uterine siblings (for access to finite water supplies). Our data on nine species of squamate reptiles and published information on three species show that the embryonic-sac fluids comprise around 33% of neonatal mass in viviparous species versus 94% in full-term eggs of oviparous squamates. Data on parturition in 149 vipers (Vipera aspis, a viviparous species) show that larger offspring store more fluids in their fetal sacs and that an increase in litter size is associated with a decrease in fluid-sac mass per offspring. Overall, the Evolutionary transition from oviparity to viviparity may have substantially altered selective forces on offspring packaging and created competition among offspring for access to water reserves during embryonic development.
Timothy J Foxon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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uncertainty of climate policies and implications for Economics and finance an Evolutionary Economics approach
Ecological Economics, 2019Co-Authors: Irene Monasterolo, Andrea Roventini, Timothy J FoxonAbstract:The assessment of the socio-economic and financial impacts of climate change represents a main source of uncertainty for policy makers and investors. However, traditional climate Economics and financial risk models are not properly equipped to consider the characteristics of climate risks and the opportunities from climate-alignment, being constrained by equilibrium conditions and linearity of impacts, as well as by representative agents and intertemporal optimization. Given the closing window of opportunity to achieve the 2 °C target, there is an urgent need for a new wave of models able to embrace uncertainty and complexity deriving not only from climate impacts on socio-economic systems, but also from their reaction. In this regard, approaches rooted on Evolutionary Economics and complexity science could provide complementary insights to traditional climate Economics models. This special issue contributes to fill in this knowledge gap by collecting nine papers applying Evolutionary and complex systems approaches, and agent-based and network models to climate change Economics, presented at the Special Session of the Research Area “Environment-Economics Interactions” of the European Association of Evolutionary Political Economy (EAEPE)'s conference 2016. By introducing conceptual and methodological innovations in climate Economics and finance, the nine articles analyse the conditions for effective climate policies and financial instruments to align countries to the global climate targets, compared to the costs of inaction. This information is crucial to support decision-makers in the analysis of climate-finance policies and instruments to foster the transition to a sustainable and inclusive low-carbon economy.
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bounded rationality and hierarchical complexity two paths from simon to ecological and Evolutionary Economics
Ecological Complexity, 2006Co-Authors: Timothy J FoxonAbstract:Abstract This paper examines two paths by which the work of Herbert Simon has influenced the development of ecological and Evolutionary Economics: bounded rationality and hierarchical complexity. It argues that there is scope for further consideration of the implications of these ideas, particularly their inter-relation. This is illustrated through some recent ideas on the co-evolution of technologies and institutions. This is related to understanding transitions of technological systems, and how these might be steered or modulated towards greater sustainability.
Martina Eckardt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Impact of ICT on Policies, Politics, and Polities – An Evolutionary Economics Approach to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Martina EckardtAbstract:Information and communication technologies (ICT) are shaping our everyday lives both as consumers as well as in the work place. But it is of a rather recent date that ICT also show a more than trivial impact on the political sphere, which is characterized by collective decision-making. Assessing the potential influence of ICT on policies, politics and polities thus is the focus of this paper. It becomes even more difficult, because ICT are not a set of uniform technologies, but consist of a number of separate technological components which are still evolving. This paper provides a clear conceptual approach in analyzing and evaluating the on-going processes of change at the different levels ICT brings about. By applying an Evolutionary Economics approach we discuss ICT in regard to its potential with respect to policies, politics and polities. We firstly ask what impact ICT have on policies as the outcome of the policy-making process under given political institutions. Secondly, we analyze what influence ICT have on the policy-making process itself, again assuming given political institutions defining this process. Finally, we also touch the question what impact ICT have on the underlying constitutional institutions, defining the polity. We conclude with a summary and an outlook on further research questions.
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the impact of ict on policies politics and polities an Evolutionary Economics approach to information and communication technologies ict
2012Co-Authors: Martina EckardtAbstract:Information and communication technologies (ICT) are shaping our everyday lives both as consumers as well as in the work place. But it is of a rather recent date that ICT also show a more than trivial impact on the political sphere, which is characterized by collective decision-making. Assessing the potential influence of ICT on policies, politics and polities thus is the focus of this paper. It becomes even more difficult, because ICT are not a set of uniform technologies, but consist of a number of separate technological components which are still evolving. This paper provides a clear conceptual approach in analyzing and evaluating the on-going processes of change at the different levels ICT brings about. By applying an Evolutionary Economics approach we discuss ICT in regard to its potential with respect to policies, politics and polities. We firstly ask what impact ICT have on policies as the outcome of the policy-making process under given political institutions. Secondly, we analyze what influence ICT have on the policy-making process itself, again assuming given political institutions defining this process. Finally, we also touch the question what impact ICT have on the underlying constitutional institutions, defining the polity. We conclude with a summary and an outlook on further research questions.
