The Experts below are selected from a list of 11394 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Spartaco Gippoliti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Ex Situ Conservation programmes in European zoological gardens: Can we afford to lose them?
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2012Co-Authors: Spartaco GippolitiAbstract:The role of Ex Situ activities for the Conservation of biodiversity, and of zoos and aquaria in particular, is open to continuing debate. The present note highlights the Conservation breeding potential of zoological gardens and aquaria in the European union, but it also recognises the lack of a convincing scientific and legal framework that encourages Ex Situ activities for ‘Exotic’ species. If Ex Situ programmes are considered essential for global biodiversity Conservation, the EU should not limit itself to regulating zoos through the zoo directive, but should actively promote and support their Ex Situ Conservation activities.
-
Ex Situ Conservation programmes in European zoological gardens: Can we afford to lose them?
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2012Co-Authors: Spartaco GippolitiAbstract:The role of Ex Situ activities for the Conservation of biodiversity, and of zoos and aquaria in particular, is open to continuing debate. The present note highlights the Conservation breeding potential of zoological gardens and aquaria in the European union, but it also recognises the lack of a convincing scientific and legal framework that encourages Ex Situ activities for ‘Exotic’ species. If Ex Situ programmes are considered essential for global biodiversity Conservation, the EU should not limit itself to regulating zoos through the zoo directive, but should actively promote and support their Ex Situ Conservation activities.
Susan E. Gardiner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Geographic analysis of Red List Rhododendron (Ericaceae) taxa by country of origin identifies priorities for Ex Situ Conservation
Blumea, 2017Co-Authors: M. B. Mackay, Susan E. GardinerAbstract:A Red List assessment is insufficient to determine priorities for Ex Situ Conservation in large genera such as Rhododendron, where there may be hundreds of taxa in any one Red List category. We have utilised an analysis of the geographic origins of 1?215 taxa of Rhododendron (Ericaceae) as a method to prioritise Red List taxa for Ex Situ Conservation. This analysis includes descriptions of distribution and endemism by country of origin, analysis of the incidence of the 715 Red List taxa by country of origin, and determination of the Extent to which taxa from each country of origin are in cultivation. We determined that of 30 countries of origin and a ‘Europe’ aggregate, 24 origins contain Red List taxa. Of those 24 origins, 17 origins and ‘Europe’ have greater than 75 % of Red List taxa ‘in cultivation’, as defined in this study, so that Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation has theoretically been met. However, for some of these origins the number of each taxon held ‘in cultivation’ is very low and genetic diversity is likely to be poor. The remaining six countries of origin have less than 75 % of Red List Rhododendron taxa recorded ‘in cultivation’ (Indonesia (28 %), Papua New Guinea (29 %), Malaysia (59 %), China (60 %), Japan (62 %) and Solomon Islands (0 %)). Analysis of a set of Red List factors and ‘not in cultivation’ factors reveals that Red List taxa from Indonesia, China and Papua New Guinea should take priority for Ex Situ Conservation.
-
New Zealand collections of Rhododendron as a resource for Ex Situ Conservation
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2017Co-Authors: M. B. Mackay, G. Smith, Susan E. GardinerAbstract:ABSTRACTThis study uses Rhododendron L. collections in New Zealand to analyse the contribution of introduced species in cultivation to global Ex Situ Conservation. Living botanical collections of Red List taxa are the fundamental resource that enable Ex Situ Conservation, and Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation requires 75% of Red List taxa to be in Ex Situ collections by 2020. We compared Rhododendron taxa (species, subspecies, botanical varieties) in New Zealand with the range of taxa in international cultivation, and determined the presence of taxa from Red List categories, geographic origins and taxonomic groups. The 566 taxa in New Zealand, including 224 Red List taxa, encompass 67% of the taxa in cultivation worldwide, ranking second internationally for number of taxa in the collections investigated. New Zealand holds wild-collected material of 230 taxa, including 70 Red List taxa, and 20 taxa for which wild material is not listed in the international collections studied. China is...
-
A model for determining Ex Situ Conservation priorities in big genera is provided by analysis of the subgenera of Rhododendron (Ericaceae)
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2016Co-Authors: M. B. Mackay, Susan E. GardinerAbstract:The large size and complEx taxonomy of big genera complicates decision making for Conservation. We propose that Rhododendron, comprising some 1215 taxa, divided into nine subgenera and many sections, can be used as a model for other big genera. Although Red List assessments placed 715 taxa in a threat category, or listed them as Data Deficient, and moreover Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation requires 75 % of Red List taxa to be held in Ex Situ collections by 2020, to date there have been few studies of Rhododendron Ex Situ collections or Conservation priorities. Utilising the subgenus structure of Rhododendron as a framework for Examining Conservation priorities, we analysed the Red List and determined that subgenera Vireya and Hymenanthes have the most acute Conservation issues. Examination of taxa in cultivation shows that 844 of 1215 taxa (70 %) are in cultivation, with subgenera varying from 45 to 100 %. Of the 715 Red List taxa, 400 (56 %) are in cultivation, with subgenera varying from 28 to 72 %. Subgenera Vireya and Azaleastrum have the poorest representation in cultivation and should have precedence for Ex Situ Conservation. As no subgenus reaches the requirement for Target 8, further planning is needed for Ex Situ Conservation of Rhododendron. After combining the two analyses, we propose the priorities for Ex Situ Conservation should be ordered (i) Vireya, (ii) Azaleastrum and (iii) Hymenanthes. Finally, we propose five Conservation actions for Rhododendron, and summarise our approach as a model for Conservation of other big genera.
-
Meeting Target Eight: Rhododendron subgenus Vireya in New Zealand as an Example of Ex Situ Conservation.
2010Co-Authors: M. B. Mackay, G. Smith, Susan E. Gardiner, A. Fayaz, Claudia Wiedow, S. OldfieldAbstract:Target Eight of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation requires knowledge and management of Red List species in cultivation, but what are the practical issues and difficulties associated with such Ex Situ management? Rhododendron is not native to New Zealand, but preliminary data indicates species are present in large numbers in collections and botanic gardens, and many of these accessions are of known wild-source. Following the Red List workshop in Singapore in 2008 it became apparent that New Zealand holds a considerable number of Red List species, particularly Vireya species, some not otherwise known in cultivation, and many of wild origin. This resource appears to have potential for Ex Situ Conservation, and we are investigating this issue with a three part study. A survey of collections reinforces the role of the Pukeiti Rhododendron Trust collection as the major collection of Vireya species (about 160), but also highlights issues around nomenclature, recording and labelling. A DNA fingerprinting study is showing the Extent of variation among different accessions, and therefore the usefulness of the collections in Conservation. At the same time this study will inform some of the taxonomic issues within the Vireya group, which in turn influence Conservation action and priorities. The data from these two studies will then be used to propose Conservation action and priorities. This paper will outline our investigation into the potential of New Zealand collections of Rhododendron subgenus Vireya for Ex Situ Conservation.
José A. Godoy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Genetic evaluation of the Iberian lynx Ex Situ Conservation programme
Heredity, 2019Co-Authors: Daniel Kleinman-ruiz, Laura Soriano, Mireia Casas-marce, Charles Szychta, Iñigo Sánchez, Jesús Fernández, José A. GodoyAbstract:Ex Situ programmes have become critical for improving the Conservation of many threatened species, as they establish backup populations and provide individuals for reintroduction and reinforcement of wild populations. The Iberian lynx was considered the most threatened felid species in the world in the wake of a dramatic decline during the second half of the 20th century that reduced its numbers to around only 100 individuals. An Ex Situ Conservation programme was established in 2003 with individuals from the two well-differentiated, remnant populations, with great success from a demographic point of view. Here, we evaluate the genetic status of the Iberian lynx captive population based on molecular data from 36 microsatellites, including patterns of relatedness and representativeness of the two remnant genetic backgrounds among founders, the evolution of diversity and inbreeding over the years, and genetic differentiation among breeding facilities. In general terms, the Ex Situ population harbours most of the genetic variability found in the two wild populations and has been able to maintain reasonably low levels of inbreeding and high diversity, thus validating the applied management measures and potentially representing a model for other species in need of Conservation.
M. B. Mackay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Geographic analysis of Red List Rhododendron (Ericaceae) taxa by country of origin identifies priorities for Ex Situ Conservation
Blumea, 2017Co-Authors: M. B. Mackay, Susan E. GardinerAbstract:A Red List assessment is insufficient to determine priorities for Ex Situ Conservation in large genera such as Rhododendron, where there may be hundreds of taxa in any one Red List category. We have utilised an analysis of the geographic origins of 1?215 taxa of Rhododendron (Ericaceae) as a method to prioritise Red List taxa for Ex Situ Conservation. This analysis includes descriptions of distribution and endemism by country of origin, analysis of the incidence of the 715 Red List taxa by country of origin, and determination of the Extent to which taxa from each country of origin are in cultivation. We determined that of 30 countries of origin and a ‘Europe’ aggregate, 24 origins contain Red List taxa. Of those 24 origins, 17 origins and ‘Europe’ have greater than 75 % of Red List taxa ‘in cultivation’, as defined in this study, so that Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation has theoretically been met. However, for some of these origins the number of each taxon held ‘in cultivation’ is very low and genetic diversity is likely to be poor. The remaining six countries of origin have less than 75 % of Red List Rhododendron taxa recorded ‘in cultivation’ (Indonesia (28 %), Papua New Guinea (29 %), Malaysia (59 %), China (60 %), Japan (62 %) and Solomon Islands (0 %)). Analysis of a set of Red List factors and ‘not in cultivation’ factors reveals that Red List taxa from Indonesia, China and Papua New Guinea should take priority for Ex Situ Conservation.
-
New Zealand collections of Rhododendron as a resource for Ex Situ Conservation
New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2017Co-Authors: M. B. Mackay, G. Smith, Susan E. GardinerAbstract:ABSTRACTThis study uses Rhododendron L. collections in New Zealand to analyse the contribution of introduced species in cultivation to global Ex Situ Conservation. Living botanical collections of Red List taxa are the fundamental resource that enable Ex Situ Conservation, and Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation requires 75% of Red List taxa to be in Ex Situ collections by 2020. We compared Rhododendron taxa (species, subspecies, botanical varieties) in New Zealand with the range of taxa in international cultivation, and determined the presence of taxa from Red List categories, geographic origins and taxonomic groups. The 566 taxa in New Zealand, including 224 Red List taxa, encompass 67% of the taxa in cultivation worldwide, ranking second internationally for number of taxa in the collections investigated. New Zealand holds wild-collected material of 230 taxa, including 70 Red List taxa, and 20 taxa for which wild material is not listed in the international collections studied. China is...
-
A model for determining Ex Situ Conservation priorities in big genera is provided by analysis of the subgenera of Rhododendron (Ericaceae)
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2016Co-Authors: M. B. Mackay, Susan E. GardinerAbstract:The large size and complEx taxonomy of big genera complicates decision making for Conservation. We propose that Rhododendron, comprising some 1215 taxa, divided into nine subgenera and many sections, can be used as a model for other big genera. Although Red List assessments placed 715 taxa in a threat category, or listed them as Data Deficient, and moreover Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation requires 75 % of Red List taxa to be held in Ex Situ collections by 2020, to date there have been few studies of Rhododendron Ex Situ collections or Conservation priorities. Utilising the subgenus structure of Rhododendron as a framework for Examining Conservation priorities, we analysed the Red List and determined that subgenera Vireya and Hymenanthes have the most acute Conservation issues. Examination of taxa in cultivation shows that 844 of 1215 taxa (70 %) are in cultivation, with subgenera varying from 45 to 100 %. Of the 715 Red List taxa, 400 (56 %) are in cultivation, with subgenera varying from 28 to 72 %. Subgenera Vireya and Azaleastrum have the poorest representation in cultivation and should have precedence for Ex Situ Conservation. As no subgenus reaches the requirement for Target 8, further planning is needed for Ex Situ Conservation of Rhododendron. After combining the two analyses, we propose the priorities for Ex Situ Conservation should be ordered (i) Vireya, (ii) Azaleastrum and (iii) Hymenanthes. Finally, we propose five Conservation actions for Rhododendron, and summarise our approach as a model for Conservation of other big genera.
-
Meeting Target Eight: Rhododendron subgenus Vireya in New Zealand as an Example of Ex Situ Conservation.
2010Co-Authors: M. B. Mackay, G. Smith, Susan E. Gardiner, A. Fayaz, Claudia Wiedow, S. OldfieldAbstract:Target Eight of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation requires knowledge and management of Red List species in cultivation, but what are the practical issues and difficulties associated with such Ex Situ management? Rhododendron is not native to New Zealand, but preliminary data indicates species are present in large numbers in collections and botanic gardens, and many of these accessions are of known wild-source. Following the Red List workshop in Singapore in 2008 it became apparent that New Zealand holds a considerable number of Red List species, particularly Vireya species, some not otherwise known in cultivation, and many of wild origin. This resource appears to have potential for Ex Situ Conservation, and we are investigating this issue with a three part study. A survey of collections reinforces the role of the Pukeiti Rhododendron Trust collection as the major collection of Vireya species (about 160), but also highlights issues around nomenclature, recording and labelling. A DNA fingerprinting study is showing the Extent of variation among different accessions, and therefore the usefulness of the collections in Conservation. At the same time this study will inform some of the taxonomic issues within the Vireya group, which in turn influence Conservation action and priorities. The data from these two studies will then be used to propose Conservation action and priorities. This paper will outline our investigation into the potential of New Zealand collections of Rhododendron subgenus Vireya for Ex Situ Conservation.
Daniel Kleinman-ruiz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Genetic evaluation of the Iberian lynx Ex Situ Conservation programme
Heredity, 2019Co-Authors: Daniel Kleinman-ruiz, Laura Soriano, Mireia Casas-marce, Charles Szychta, Iñigo Sánchez, Jesús Fernández, José A. GodoyAbstract:Ex Situ programmes have become critical for improving the Conservation of many threatened species, as they establish backup populations and provide individuals for reintroduction and reinforcement of wild populations. The Iberian lynx was considered the most threatened felid species in the world in the wake of a dramatic decline during the second half of the 20th century that reduced its numbers to around only 100 individuals. An Ex Situ Conservation programme was established in 2003 with individuals from the two well-differentiated, remnant populations, with great success from a demographic point of view. Here, we evaluate the genetic status of the Iberian lynx captive population based on molecular data from 36 microsatellites, including patterns of relatedness and representativeness of the two remnant genetic backgrounds among founders, the evolution of diversity and inbreeding over the years, and genetic differentiation among breeding facilities. In general terms, the Ex Situ population harbours most of the genetic variability found in the two wild populations and has been able to maintain reasonably low levels of inbreeding and high diversity, thus validating the applied management measures and potentially representing a model for other species in need of Conservation.
