The Experts below are selected from a list of 67491 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David E. Kieras - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Executive Process interactive control a unified computational theory for answering 20 questions and more about cognitive ageing
European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 2001Co-Authors: David E. Meyer, Jennifer M Glass, Shane T Mueller, Travis L Seymour, David E. KierasAbstract:Although the effects of ageing on human information Processing and performance have been studied extensively, many fundamental questions about cognitive ageing remain to be answered definitively. For example, what are the sources of age-related slowing? How much is working-memory capacity reduced in older adults? Is time-sharing ability lost with age? Answering such questions requires a unified computational theory that characterises the interactive operations of many component mental Processes and integrates diverse data on cognitive ageing. Toward fulfilling this requirement, an Executive-Process interactive control (EPIC) architecture has been extended to model performance of both young and older adults. EPIC models yield accurate accounts of ageing effects on reaction times and accuracy in basic dual-task and working-memory paradigms. From these accounts, it appears that time-sharing ability and working-memory capacity decrease relatively little until after 70 years of age. Before age 70, at least som...
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aging and the psychological refractory period task coordination strategies in young and old adults
Psychology and Aging, 2000Co-Authors: Jennifer M Glass, David E. Kieras, Eric H. Schumacher, Erick J Lauber, Eileen L Zurbriggen, Leon Gmeindl, David E. MeyerAbstract:The apparently deleterious effect of aging on dual-task performance is well established, but there is little agreement about the source of this effect. Studies of the psychological refractory period (PRP) indicate that young adults can flexibly control dual-task performance through task-coordination strategies. Thus, the performance of older adults might differ from young adults because older adults use different task-coordination strategies. To test this hypothesis, the Executive-Process interactive control (EPIC) architecture was applied to quantify the reaction time data from two PRP experiments conducted with young (age 18-26) and older (age 60-70) adults. The results show that participants' ability to coordinate the Processing of two tasks did not decline with age. However, dual-task time costs were greater in the older adults. Three sources for this increase were found: generalized slowing, Process-specific slowing, and the use of more cautious task-coordination strategies by the older adults.
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an overview of the epic architecture for cognition and performance with application to human computer interaction
Human-Computer Interaction, 1997Co-Authors: David E. Kieras, David E. MeyerAbstract:EPIC (Executive Process-Interactive Control) is a cognitive architecture especially suited for modeling human multimodal and multiple-task performance. The EPIC architecture includes peripheral sensory-motor Processors surrounding a production-rule cognitive Processor and is being used to construct precise computational models for a variety of human-computer interaction situations. We briefly describe some of these models to demonstrate how EPIC clarifies basic properties of human performance and provides usefully precise accounts of performance speed.
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precis to a practical unified theory of cognition and action some lessons from epic computational models of human multiple task performance
Attention and Performance, 1997Co-Authors: David E. Meyer, David E. KierasAbstract:Abstract : Experimental psychology, cognitive science, and human factors engineering have progressed sufficiently far that a practical unified theory of cognition and action is now foreseeable. Such a theory soon may yield useful quantitative predictions about rapid human multiple task performance in applied settings. Toward this end, an Executive-Process/Interactive-Control (EPIC) architecture has been formulated with components whose assumed properties emulate fundamental perceptual, cognitive, and motor Processes. On the basis of EPIC, a theorist may construct detailed computational models that characterize multiple task performance under both laboratory and real world conditions. For example, EPIC computational models provide good accounts of response latencies and accuracies from the psychological refractory period procedure, aircraft cockpit operation, and human computer interaction. As a result, major commonalities in performance across various task domains have been discovered, and efficacious principles for designing person machine interfaces have been identified. The substantive and methodological lessons learned from these advances constitute an instructive precis to further utilitarian theoretical unification.
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a computational theory of Executive cognitive Processes and multiple task performance part 2 accounts of psychological refractory period phenomena
Psychological Review, 1997Co-Authors: David E. Meyer, David E. KierasAbstract:Abstract : Further simulations of multiple task performance have been conducted with computational models that are based on the Executive Process Interactive Control (EPIC) architecture for human information Processing. These models account well for patterns of reaction times and psychological refractory period phenomena (delays of overt responses after short stimulus onset asynchronies) in a variety of laboratory paradigms and realistic situations. This supports the claim of the present theoretical framework that multiple task performance relies on adaptive Executive control, which enables substantial amounts of temporal overlap among stimulus identification, response selection, and movement production Processes for concurrent tasks. Such overlap is achieved through optimized task scheduling by flexible Executive Processes that satisfy prevailing instructions about task priorities and allocate limited capacity perceptual motor resources efficiently.
David E. Meyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Executive Process interactive control a unified computational theory for answering 20 questions and more about cognitive ageing
European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 2001Co-Authors: David E. Meyer, Jennifer M Glass, Shane T Mueller, Travis L Seymour, David E. KierasAbstract:Although the effects of ageing on human information Processing and performance have been studied extensively, many fundamental questions about cognitive ageing remain to be answered definitively. For example, what are the sources of age-related slowing? How much is working-memory capacity reduced in older adults? Is time-sharing ability lost with age? Answering such questions requires a unified computational theory that characterises the interactive operations of many component mental Processes and integrates diverse data on cognitive ageing. Toward fulfilling this requirement, an Executive-Process interactive control (EPIC) architecture has been extended to model performance of both young and older adults. EPIC models yield accurate accounts of ageing effects on reaction times and accuracy in basic dual-task and working-memory paradigms. From these accounts, it appears that time-sharing ability and working-memory capacity decrease relatively little until after 70 years of age. Before age 70, at least som...
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aging and the psychological refractory period task coordination strategies in young and old adults
Psychology and Aging, 2000Co-Authors: Jennifer M Glass, David E. Kieras, Eric H. Schumacher, Erick J Lauber, Eileen L Zurbriggen, Leon Gmeindl, David E. MeyerAbstract:The apparently deleterious effect of aging on dual-task performance is well established, but there is little agreement about the source of this effect. Studies of the psychological refractory period (PRP) indicate that young adults can flexibly control dual-task performance through task-coordination strategies. Thus, the performance of older adults might differ from young adults because older adults use different task-coordination strategies. To test this hypothesis, the Executive-Process interactive control (EPIC) architecture was applied to quantify the reaction time data from two PRP experiments conducted with young (age 18-26) and older (age 60-70) adults. The results show that participants' ability to coordinate the Processing of two tasks did not decline with age. However, dual-task time costs were greater in the older adults. Three sources for this increase were found: generalized slowing, Process-specific slowing, and the use of more cautious task-coordination strategies by the older adults.
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an overview of the epic architecture for cognition and performance with application to human computer interaction
Human-Computer Interaction, 1997Co-Authors: David E. Kieras, David E. MeyerAbstract:EPIC (Executive Process-Interactive Control) is a cognitive architecture especially suited for modeling human multimodal and multiple-task performance. The EPIC architecture includes peripheral sensory-motor Processors surrounding a production-rule cognitive Processor and is being used to construct precise computational models for a variety of human-computer interaction situations. We briefly describe some of these models to demonstrate how EPIC clarifies basic properties of human performance and provides usefully precise accounts of performance speed.
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precis to a practical unified theory of cognition and action some lessons from epic computational models of human multiple task performance
Attention and Performance, 1997Co-Authors: David E. Meyer, David E. KierasAbstract:Abstract : Experimental psychology, cognitive science, and human factors engineering have progressed sufficiently far that a practical unified theory of cognition and action is now foreseeable. Such a theory soon may yield useful quantitative predictions about rapid human multiple task performance in applied settings. Toward this end, an Executive-Process/Interactive-Control (EPIC) architecture has been formulated with components whose assumed properties emulate fundamental perceptual, cognitive, and motor Processes. On the basis of EPIC, a theorist may construct detailed computational models that characterize multiple task performance under both laboratory and real world conditions. For example, EPIC computational models provide good accounts of response latencies and accuracies from the psychological refractory period procedure, aircraft cockpit operation, and human computer interaction. As a result, major commonalities in performance across various task domains have been discovered, and efficacious principles for designing person machine interfaces have been identified. The substantive and methodological lessons learned from these advances constitute an instructive precis to further utilitarian theoretical unification.
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a computational theory of Executive cognitive Processes and multiple task performance part 2 accounts of psychological refractory period phenomena
Psychological Review, 1997Co-Authors: David E. Meyer, David E. KierasAbstract:Abstract : Further simulations of multiple task performance have been conducted with computational models that are based on the Executive Process Interactive Control (EPIC) architecture for human information Processing. These models account well for patterns of reaction times and psychological refractory period phenomena (delays of overt responses after short stimulus onset asynchronies) in a variety of laboratory paradigms and realistic situations. This supports the claim of the present theoretical framework that multiple task performance relies on adaptive Executive control, which enables substantial amounts of temporal overlap among stimulus identification, response selection, and movement production Processes for concurrent tasks. Such overlap is achieved through optimized task scheduling by flexible Executive Processes that satisfy prevailing instructions about task priorities and allocate limited capacity perceptual motor resources efficiently.
Jennifer M Glass - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Executive Process interactive control a unified computational theory for answering 20 questions and more about cognitive ageing
European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 2001Co-Authors: David E. Meyer, Jennifer M Glass, Shane T Mueller, Travis L Seymour, David E. KierasAbstract:Although the effects of ageing on human information Processing and performance have been studied extensively, many fundamental questions about cognitive ageing remain to be answered definitively. For example, what are the sources of age-related slowing? How much is working-memory capacity reduced in older adults? Is time-sharing ability lost with age? Answering such questions requires a unified computational theory that characterises the interactive operations of many component mental Processes and integrates diverse data on cognitive ageing. Toward fulfilling this requirement, an Executive-Process interactive control (EPIC) architecture has been extended to model performance of both young and older adults. EPIC models yield accurate accounts of ageing effects on reaction times and accuracy in basic dual-task and working-memory paradigms. From these accounts, it appears that time-sharing ability and working-memory capacity decrease relatively little until after 70 years of age. Before age 70, at least som...
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aging and the psychological refractory period task coordination strategies in young and old adults
Psychology and Aging, 2000Co-Authors: Jennifer M Glass, David E. Kieras, Eric H. Schumacher, Erick J Lauber, Eileen L Zurbriggen, Leon Gmeindl, David E. MeyerAbstract:The apparently deleterious effect of aging on dual-task performance is well established, but there is little agreement about the source of this effect. Studies of the psychological refractory period (PRP) indicate that young adults can flexibly control dual-task performance through task-coordination strategies. Thus, the performance of older adults might differ from young adults because older adults use different task-coordination strategies. To test this hypothesis, the Executive-Process interactive control (EPIC) architecture was applied to quantify the reaction time data from two PRP experiments conducted with young (age 18-26) and older (age 60-70) adults. The results show that participants' ability to coordinate the Processing of two tasks did not decline with age. However, dual-task time costs were greater in the older adults. Three sources for this increase were found: generalized slowing, Process-specific slowing, and the use of more cautious task-coordination strategies by the older adults.
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adaptive Executive control flexible multiple task performance without pervasive immutable response selection bottlenecks
Acta Psychologica, 1995Co-Authors: David E. Meyer, David E. Kieras, Jennifer M Glass, Erick J Lauber, Eileen L Zurbriggen, Leon Gmeindl, Dana ApfelblatAbstract:Abstract A new theoretical framework, the EPIC (Executive-Process/Interactive-Control) architecture, provides the basis for accurate detailed computational models of human multiple-task performance. Contrary to the traditional response-selection bottleneck hypothesis, EPIC's cognitive Processor can select responses and do other procedural operations simultaneously for multiple concurrent tasks. Using this capacity together with flexible Executive control of peripheral perceptual-motor components, EPIC computational models account well for various patterns of mean reaction times, systematic individual differences in multiple-task performance, and influences of special training on people's task-coordination strategies. These diverse phenomena, and EPIC's success at modeling them, raise strong doubts about the existence of a pervasive immutable response-selection bottleneck in the human information-Processing system. The present research therefore helps further characterize the nature of discrete versus continuous information Processing.
Anna Stigsdotter Neely - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long term effects of Executive Process training in young and old adults
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2016Co-Authors: Petra Sandberg, Anna Stigsdotter NeelyAbstract:Prior studies have examined the magnitude of training and transfer effects after Process-based training in early and late adulthood. However, little is known about how long-lasting these effects ar ...
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Executive Process training in young and old adults
Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition, 2014Co-Authors: Petra Sandberg, Michael Ronnlund, Lars Nyberg, Anna Stigsdotter NeelyAbstract:There is a growing body of research on the modifiability of Executive functions in different stages of life. Previous studies demonstrate robust training effects but limited transfer in younger and particularly in older adults. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a theoretically derived intervention for Executive functioning, addressing several basic Processes (updating, shifting, and inhibition), can induce transfer effects in early and late adulthood. Fifty-nine healthy adults, 29 young and 30 older adults, were randomly assigned to either training or no-contact control groups. The training groups received 15 sessions of Executive Process training for about 45 min/session during 5 weeks. A test battery including a criterion task and near, intermediate, and far transfer tasks was administered before and after training. Results showed pronounced age-equivalent gains on the criterion task. Near transfer was seen to non-trained updating and inhibition tasks for the young and older trained participants. However, only the young adults showed intermediate transfer to two complex working memory tasks. No far transfer effects were seen for either age group. These findings provide additional evidence for age-related constraints in the ability to generalize acquired Executive skills, and specifically show that training of multiple Executive Processes is not sufficient to foster transfer beyond the very near in older adults.
Leon Gmeindl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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aging and the psychological refractory period task coordination strategies in young and old adults
Psychology and Aging, 2000Co-Authors: Jennifer M Glass, David E. Kieras, Eric H. Schumacher, Erick J Lauber, Eileen L Zurbriggen, Leon Gmeindl, David E. MeyerAbstract:The apparently deleterious effect of aging on dual-task performance is well established, but there is little agreement about the source of this effect. Studies of the psychological refractory period (PRP) indicate that young adults can flexibly control dual-task performance through task-coordination strategies. Thus, the performance of older adults might differ from young adults because older adults use different task-coordination strategies. To test this hypothesis, the Executive-Process interactive control (EPIC) architecture was applied to quantify the reaction time data from two PRP experiments conducted with young (age 18-26) and older (age 60-70) adults. The results show that participants' ability to coordinate the Processing of two tasks did not decline with age. However, dual-task time costs were greater in the older adults. Three sources for this increase were found: generalized slowing, Process-specific slowing, and the use of more cautious task-coordination strategies by the older adults.
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adaptive Executive control flexible multiple task performance without pervasive immutable response selection bottlenecks
Acta Psychologica, 1995Co-Authors: David E. Meyer, David E. Kieras, Jennifer M Glass, Erick J Lauber, Eileen L Zurbriggen, Leon Gmeindl, Dana ApfelblatAbstract:Abstract A new theoretical framework, the EPIC (Executive-Process/Interactive-Control) architecture, provides the basis for accurate detailed computational models of human multiple-task performance. Contrary to the traditional response-selection bottleneck hypothesis, EPIC's cognitive Processor can select responses and do other procedural operations simultaneously for multiple concurrent tasks. Using this capacity together with flexible Executive control of peripheral perceptual-motor components, EPIC computational models account well for various patterns of mean reaction times, systematic individual differences in multiple-task performance, and influences of special training on people's task-coordination strategies. These diverse phenomena, and EPIC's success at modeling them, raise strong doubts about the existence of a pervasive immutable response-selection bottleneck in the human information-Processing system. The present research therefore helps further characterize the nature of discrete versus continuous information Processing.