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Eero Kajantie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the impact of early life stress on anxiety symptoms in Late Adulthood
Scientific Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Anna Lahdepuro, Katri Savolainen, Marius Lahtipulkkinen, Johan G Eriksson, Jari Lahti, Soile Tuovinen, Eero KajantieAbstract:Early life stress (ELS) may increase the risk of anxiety throughout the life course. Whether this effect extends to Late Adulthood is poorly known. In our study comprising 1872 participants from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study born in 1934–1944, we investigated the association of various forms of ELS and their accumulation with self-reported anxiety symptoms at the age of 65–77 years. Data on childhood socioeconomic status and separation from parents were based on national registers for all participants. Information on self-reported emotional and physical trauma, parental divorce, and death of a family member in childhood was obtained from 1277 participants. We found that experiencing emotional trauma, physical trauma, and low socioeconomic status in childhood were associated with increased anxiety symptoms in Late Adulthood [B = 0.44 (95% CI = 0.31–0.58); B = 0.33 (95% CI = 0.20–0.46); B = 0.10 (95% CI = 0.01–0.19), respectively]. These associations remained significant even after controlling for other forms of ELS. Accumulation of early life stress also increased the levels of Late-Adulthood anxiety symptoms and the risk of anxiety regarded as clinically significant. Screening for potentially stressful childhood experiences in elderly populations may help identifying individuals with increased anxiety symptoms and planning preventive and therapeutic interventions for those exposed to ELS.
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Late preterm birth and neurocognitive performance in Late Adulthood a birth cohort study
Pediatrics, 2015Co-Authors: Kati Heinonen, Anukatriina Pesonen, Clive Osmond, Eero Kajantie, Johan G Eriksson, Jari Lahti, Soile Tuovinen, Katri RaikkonenAbstract:OBJECTIVES: We studied if Late preterm birth (34 weeks 0 days–36 weeks 6 days of gestation) is associated with performance on the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropsychological Battery (CERAD-NB) in Late Adulthood and if maximum attained lifetime education moderated these associations. METHODS: Participants were 919 Finnish men and women born between 1934 and 1944, who participated in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. They underwent the CERAD-NB at a mean age of 68.1 years. Data regarding gestational age (Late preterm versus term) were extracted from hospital birth records, and educational attainment data were gathered from Statistics Finland. RESULTS: After adjustment for major confounders, those born Late preterm scored lower on word list recognition (mean difference: –0.33 SD; P = .03) than those born at term. Among those who had attained a basic or upper secondary education, Late preterm birth was associated with lower scores on word list recognition, constructional praxis, constructional praxis recall, clock drawing, Mini–Mental State Examination, and memory total and CERAD total 2 compound scores (mean differences: >0.40 SD; P values P = .02). Among those with tertiary levels of education, Late preterm birth was not associated with CERAD-NB scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings offer new insight into the lifelong consequences of Late preterm birth, and they add Late preterm birth as a novel risk factor to the list of neurocognitive impairment in Late Adulthood. Our findings also suggest that attained lifetime education may mitigate aging-reLated neurocognitive impairment, especially among those born Late preterm.
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Late preterm birth post term birth and abnormal fetal growth as risk factors for severe mental disorders from early to Late Adulthood
Psychological Medicine, 2015Co-Authors: Marius Lahti, Kati Heinonen, Eero Kajantie, Johan G Eriksson, Jari Lahti, Soile Tuovinen, Kristian Wahlbeck, Ak Pesonen, M Mikkonen, Clive OsmondAbstract:Background. Late preterm births constitute the majority of preterm births. However, most evidence suggesting that preterm birth predicts the risk of mental disorders comes from studies on earlier preterm births. We examined if Late preterm birth predicts the risks of severe mental disorders from early to Late Adulthood. We also studied whether Adulthood mental disorders are associated with post-term birth or with being born small (SGA) or large (LGA) for gestational age, which have been previously associated with psychopathology risk in younger ages. Method. Of 12 597 Helsinki Birth Cohort Study participants, born 1934–1944, 664 were born Late preterm, 1221 post-term, 287 SGA, and 301 LGA. The diagnoses of mental disorders were identified from national hospital discharge and cause of death registers from 1969 to 2010. In total, 1660 (13.2%) participants had severe mental disorders. Results. Individuals born Late preterm did not differ from term-born individuals in their risk of any severe mental disorder. However, men born Late preterm had a significantly increased risk of suicide. Post-term birth predicted significantly increased risks of any mental disorder in general and particularly of substance use and anxiety disorders. Individuals born SGA had significantly increased risks of any mental and substance use disorders. Women born LGA had an increased risk of psychotic disorders. Conclusions. Although men born Late preterm had an increased suicide risk, Late preterm birth did not exert widespread effects on adult psychopathology. In contrast, the risks of severe mental disorders across Adulthood were increased among individuals born SGA and individuals born post-term.
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early life stress and physical and psychosocial functioning in Late Adulthood
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Hanna Alastalo, Mikaela B Von Bonsdorff, Katri Raikkonen, Anukatriina Pesonen, Clive Osmond, David J P Barker, Kati Heinonen, Eero KajantieAbstract:Background Severe stress experienced in early life may have long-term effects on adult physiological and psychological health and well-being. We studied physical and psychosocial functioning in Late Adulthood in subjects separated temporarily from their parents in childhood during World War II. Methods The 1803 participants belong to the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, born 1934–44. Of them, 267 (14.8%) had been evacuated abroad in childhood during WWII and the remaining subjects served as controls. Physical and psychosocial functioning was assessed with the Short Form 36 scale (SF-36) between 2001 and 2004. A test for trends was based on linear regression. All analyses were adjusted for age at clinical examination, social class in childhood and Adulthood, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, body mass index, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Results Physical functioning in Late Adulthood was lower among the separated men compared to non-separated men (b = −0.40, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: −0.71 to −0.08). Those men separated in school age (>7 years) and who were separated for a duration over 2 years had the highest risk for lower physical functioning (b = −0.89, 95% CI: −1.58 to −0.20) and (b = −0.65, 95% CI: −1.25 to −0.05), respectively). Men separated for a duration over 2 years also had lower psychosocial functioning (b = −0.70, 95% CI: −1.35 to −0.06). These differences in physical and psychosocial functioning were not observed among women. Conclusion Early life stress may increase the risk for impaired physical functioning in Late Adulthood among men. Timing and duration of the separation influenced the physical and psychosocial functioning in Late Adulthood.
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early life stress and blood pressure levels in Late Adulthood
Journal of Human Hypertension, 2013Co-Authors: Hanna Alastalo, Katri Raikkonen, Anukatriina Pesonen, Clive Osmond, David J P Barker, Kati Heinonen, Eero KajantieAbstract:Severe stress experienced in early life may have long-term consequences on adult physiological functions. We studied the long-term effects of separation on blood pressure levels in non-obese subjects who were separated temporarily in childhood from their parents during World War II (WWII). The original clinical study cohort consists of people born during 1934–1944 in Helsinki, Finland. This substudy includes 1361 non-obese subjects (body mass index <30 kg m−2). Of these, 192 (14.1%) had been evacuated abroad during WWII. The remaining subjects served as controls. Blood pressure levels and use of blood pressure medication were studied. The separated subjects had significantly higher systolic blood pressure values than the non-separated (148.6+21.5 vs 142.2+19.6 mm Hg, P<0.0001) in adult life. Those subjects separated in early childhood had markedly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure values in adult life compared with the non-separated (154.6 vs 142.5 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.6–14.7; P<0.005 and 90.8 vs 87.7 mm Hg; 95% CI 1.0–7.3; P<0.02, respectively). Systolic blood pressure was also higher in the group separated for a duration of <1 year (151.7 vs 142.2 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.0–12.4; P<0.05) compared with the non-separated. Besides being separated, age at separation and duration of separation also influenced blood pressure levels in adult life. This could be due to early hormonal and metabolic programming, during plastic periods in early life, influencing blood pressure levels in adult life.
Johan G Eriksson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the impact of early life stress on anxiety symptoms in Late Adulthood
Scientific Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Anna Lahdepuro, Katri Savolainen, Marius Lahtipulkkinen, Johan G Eriksson, Jari Lahti, Soile Tuovinen, Eero KajantieAbstract:Early life stress (ELS) may increase the risk of anxiety throughout the life course. Whether this effect extends to Late Adulthood is poorly known. In our study comprising 1872 participants from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study born in 1934–1944, we investigated the association of various forms of ELS and their accumulation with self-reported anxiety symptoms at the age of 65–77 years. Data on childhood socioeconomic status and separation from parents were based on national registers for all participants. Information on self-reported emotional and physical trauma, parental divorce, and death of a family member in childhood was obtained from 1277 participants. We found that experiencing emotional trauma, physical trauma, and low socioeconomic status in childhood were associated with increased anxiety symptoms in Late Adulthood [B = 0.44 (95% CI = 0.31–0.58); B = 0.33 (95% CI = 0.20–0.46); B = 0.10 (95% CI = 0.01–0.19), respectively]. These associations remained significant even after controlling for other forms of ELS. Accumulation of early life stress also increased the levels of Late-Adulthood anxiety symptoms and the risk of anxiety regarded as clinically significant. Screening for potentially stressful childhood experiences in elderly populations may help identifying individuals with increased anxiety symptoms and planning preventive and therapeutic interventions for those exposed to ELS.
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Late preterm birth and neurocognitive performance in Late Adulthood a birth cohort study
Pediatrics, 2015Co-Authors: Kati Heinonen, Anukatriina Pesonen, Clive Osmond, Eero Kajantie, Johan G Eriksson, Jari Lahti, Soile Tuovinen, Katri RaikkonenAbstract:OBJECTIVES: We studied if Late preterm birth (34 weeks 0 days–36 weeks 6 days of gestation) is associated with performance on the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropsychological Battery (CERAD-NB) in Late Adulthood and if maximum attained lifetime education moderated these associations. METHODS: Participants were 919 Finnish men and women born between 1934 and 1944, who participated in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. They underwent the CERAD-NB at a mean age of 68.1 years. Data regarding gestational age (Late preterm versus term) were extracted from hospital birth records, and educational attainment data were gathered from Statistics Finland. RESULTS: After adjustment for major confounders, those born Late preterm scored lower on word list recognition (mean difference: –0.33 SD; P = .03) than those born at term. Among those who had attained a basic or upper secondary education, Late preterm birth was associated with lower scores on word list recognition, constructional praxis, constructional praxis recall, clock drawing, Mini–Mental State Examination, and memory total and CERAD total 2 compound scores (mean differences: >0.40 SD; P values P = .02). Among those with tertiary levels of education, Late preterm birth was not associated with CERAD-NB scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings offer new insight into the lifelong consequences of Late preterm birth, and they add Late preterm birth as a novel risk factor to the list of neurocognitive impairment in Late Adulthood. Our findings also suggest that attained lifetime education may mitigate aging-reLated neurocognitive impairment, especially among those born Late preterm.
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Late preterm birth post term birth and abnormal fetal growth as risk factors for severe mental disorders from early to Late Adulthood
Psychological Medicine, 2015Co-Authors: Marius Lahti, Kati Heinonen, Eero Kajantie, Johan G Eriksson, Jari Lahti, Soile Tuovinen, Kristian Wahlbeck, Ak Pesonen, M Mikkonen, Clive OsmondAbstract:Background. Late preterm births constitute the majority of preterm births. However, most evidence suggesting that preterm birth predicts the risk of mental disorders comes from studies on earlier preterm births. We examined if Late preterm birth predicts the risks of severe mental disorders from early to Late Adulthood. We also studied whether Adulthood mental disorders are associated with post-term birth or with being born small (SGA) or large (LGA) for gestational age, which have been previously associated with psychopathology risk in younger ages. Method. Of 12 597 Helsinki Birth Cohort Study participants, born 1934–1944, 664 were born Late preterm, 1221 post-term, 287 SGA, and 301 LGA. The diagnoses of mental disorders were identified from national hospital discharge and cause of death registers from 1969 to 2010. In total, 1660 (13.2%) participants had severe mental disorders. Results. Individuals born Late preterm did not differ from term-born individuals in their risk of any severe mental disorder. However, men born Late preterm had a significantly increased risk of suicide. Post-term birth predicted significantly increased risks of any mental disorder in general and particularly of substance use and anxiety disorders. Individuals born SGA had significantly increased risks of any mental and substance use disorders. Women born LGA had an increased risk of psychotic disorders. Conclusions. Although men born Late preterm had an increased suicide risk, Late preterm birth did not exert widespread effects on adult psychopathology. In contrast, the risks of severe mental disorders across Adulthood were increased among individuals born SGA and individuals born post-term.
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childhood separation experience predicts hpa axis hormonal responses in Late Adulthood a natural experiment of world war ii
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2010Co-Authors: Anukatriina Pesonen, Katri Raikkonen, Clive Osmond, David J P Barker, Kati Heinonen, Johan G Eriksson, Kimmo Feldt, David I.w. Phillips, Eero KajantieAbstract:Background Animal models have linked early maternal separation with lifelong changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity. Although this is paralleled in human studies, this is often in the context of other life adversities, for example, divorce or adoption, and it is not known whether early separation in the absence of these factors has long term effects on the HPA axis. Aims The Finnish experience in World War II created a natural experiment to test whether separation from a father serving in the armed forces or from both parents due to war evacuation are associated with alterations in HPA axis response to psychosocial stress in Late Adulthood. Method 282 subjects (M=63.5 years, SD=2.5), of whom 85 were non-separated, 129 were separated from their father, and 68 were separated from both their caregivers during WWII, were enlisted to participate in a Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), during which we measured salivary cortisol and, for 215 individuals, plasma cortisol and ACTH concentrations. We used mixed models to study whether parental separation is associated with salivary and plasma cortisol or plasma ACTH reactivity, and linear regressions to analyse differences in the baseline, or incremental area under the cortisol or ACTH curves. Results Participants separated from their father did not differ significantly from non-separated participants. However, those separated from both parents had higher average salivary cortisol and plasma ACTH concentrations across all time points compared to the non-separated group. They also had higher salivary cortisol reactivity to the TSST. Separated women had higher baselines in plasma cortisol and ACTH, whereas men had higher reactivity in response to stress during the TSST. Participants who had experienced the separation in early childhood were more affected than children separated during infancy or school age. Conclusions Separation from parents during childhood may alter an individual's stress physiology much Later in adult life.
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prenatal growth postnatal growth and trait anxiety in Late Adulthood the helsinki birth cohort study
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2010Co-Authors: Jari Lahti, Katri Raikkonen, Anukatriina Pesonen, Clive Osmond, David J P Barker, Kati Heinonen, Eero Kajantie, Tom Forsen, Johan G ErikssonAbstract:Lahti J, Raikkonen K, Pesonen A-K, Heinonen K, Kajantie E, Forsen T, Osmond C, Barker DJP, Eriksson JG. Prenatal growth, postnatal growth and trait anxiety in Late Adulthood – the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Objective: Trait anxiety may predispose to anxiety disorders and cardiovascular events. We tested whether prenatal growth or postnatal growth from birth to 11 years of age and in Adulthood predict trait anxiety in Late Adulthood. Method: Women (n = 951) and men (n = 753) reported trait anxiety using the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Scale at an average age of 63.4 years and growth was estimated from records. Results: Higher trait anxiety was predicted by smaller body size at birth, in infancy and in Adulthood. Moreover, faster growth particularly from seven to 11 years of age and slower growth between 11 and 63 years predicted higher trait anxiety. Conclusion: We found a pattern of pre- and postnatal growth that predisposed to higher trait anxiety in Late Adulthood. This pattern resembles that found to increase the risk of cardiovascular events and, thus, points to a shared common origin in a suboptimal prenatal and childhood developmental milieu.
Clive Osmond - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Late preterm birth and neurocognitive performance in Late Adulthood a birth cohort study
Pediatrics, 2015Co-Authors: Kati Heinonen, Anukatriina Pesonen, Clive Osmond, Eero Kajantie, Johan G Eriksson, Jari Lahti, Soile Tuovinen, Katri RaikkonenAbstract:OBJECTIVES: We studied if Late preterm birth (34 weeks 0 days–36 weeks 6 days of gestation) is associated with performance on the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropsychological Battery (CERAD-NB) in Late Adulthood and if maximum attained lifetime education moderated these associations. METHODS: Participants were 919 Finnish men and women born between 1934 and 1944, who participated in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. They underwent the CERAD-NB at a mean age of 68.1 years. Data regarding gestational age (Late preterm versus term) were extracted from hospital birth records, and educational attainment data were gathered from Statistics Finland. RESULTS: After adjustment for major confounders, those born Late preterm scored lower on word list recognition (mean difference: –0.33 SD; P = .03) than those born at term. Among those who had attained a basic or upper secondary education, Late preterm birth was associated with lower scores on word list recognition, constructional praxis, constructional praxis recall, clock drawing, Mini–Mental State Examination, and memory total and CERAD total 2 compound scores (mean differences: >0.40 SD; P values P = .02). Among those with tertiary levels of education, Late preterm birth was not associated with CERAD-NB scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings offer new insight into the lifelong consequences of Late preterm birth, and they add Late preterm birth as a novel risk factor to the list of neurocognitive impairment in Late Adulthood. Our findings also suggest that attained lifetime education may mitigate aging-reLated neurocognitive impairment, especially among those born Late preterm.
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Late preterm birth post term birth and abnormal fetal growth as risk factors for severe mental disorders from early to Late Adulthood
Psychological Medicine, 2015Co-Authors: Marius Lahti, Kati Heinonen, Eero Kajantie, Johan G Eriksson, Jari Lahti, Soile Tuovinen, Kristian Wahlbeck, Ak Pesonen, M Mikkonen, Clive OsmondAbstract:Background. Late preterm births constitute the majority of preterm births. However, most evidence suggesting that preterm birth predicts the risk of mental disorders comes from studies on earlier preterm births. We examined if Late preterm birth predicts the risks of severe mental disorders from early to Late Adulthood. We also studied whether Adulthood mental disorders are associated with post-term birth or with being born small (SGA) or large (LGA) for gestational age, which have been previously associated with psychopathology risk in younger ages. Method. Of 12 597 Helsinki Birth Cohort Study participants, born 1934–1944, 664 were born Late preterm, 1221 post-term, 287 SGA, and 301 LGA. The diagnoses of mental disorders were identified from national hospital discharge and cause of death registers from 1969 to 2010. In total, 1660 (13.2%) participants had severe mental disorders. Results. Individuals born Late preterm did not differ from term-born individuals in their risk of any severe mental disorder. However, men born Late preterm had a significantly increased risk of suicide. Post-term birth predicted significantly increased risks of any mental disorder in general and particularly of substance use and anxiety disorders. Individuals born SGA had significantly increased risks of any mental and substance use disorders. Women born LGA had an increased risk of psychotic disorders. Conclusions. Although men born Late preterm had an increased suicide risk, Late preterm birth did not exert widespread effects on adult psychopathology. In contrast, the risks of severe mental disorders across Adulthood were increased among individuals born SGA and individuals born post-term.
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early life stress and physical and psychosocial functioning in Late Adulthood
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Hanna Alastalo, Mikaela B Von Bonsdorff, Katri Raikkonen, Anukatriina Pesonen, Clive Osmond, David J P Barker, Kati Heinonen, Eero KajantieAbstract:Background Severe stress experienced in early life may have long-term effects on adult physiological and psychological health and well-being. We studied physical and psychosocial functioning in Late Adulthood in subjects separated temporarily from their parents in childhood during World War II. Methods The 1803 participants belong to the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, born 1934–44. Of them, 267 (14.8%) had been evacuated abroad in childhood during WWII and the remaining subjects served as controls. Physical and psychosocial functioning was assessed with the Short Form 36 scale (SF-36) between 2001 and 2004. A test for trends was based on linear regression. All analyses were adjusted for age at clinical examination, social class in childhood and Adulthood, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, body mass index, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Results Physical functioning in Late Adulthood was lower among the separated men compared to non-separated men (b = −0.40, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: −0.71 to −0.08). Those men separated in school age (>7 years) and who were separated for a duration over 2 years had the highest risk for lower physical functioning (b = −0.89, 95% CI: −1.58 to −0.20) and (b = −0.65, 95% CI: −1.25 to −0.05), respectively). Men separated for a duration over 2 years also had lower psychosocial functioning (b = −0.70, 95% CI: −1.35 to −0.06). These differences in physical and psychosocial functioning were not observed among women. Conclusion Early life stress may increase the risk for impaired physical functioning in Late Adulthood among men. Timing and duration of the separation influenced the physical and psychosocial functioning in Late Adulthood.
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early life stress and blood pressure levels in Late Adulthood
Journal of Human Hypertension, 2013Co-Authors: Hanna Alastalo, Katri Raikkonen, Anukatriina Pesonen, Clive Osmond, David J P Barker, Kati Heinonen, Eero KajantieAbstract:Severe stress experienced in early life may have long-term consequences on adult physiological functions. We studied the long-term effects of separation on blood pressure levels in non-obese subjects who were separated temporarily in childhood from their parents during World War II (WWII). The original clinical study cohort consists of people born during 1934–1944 in Helsinki, Finland. This substudy includes 1361 non-obese subjects (body mass index <30 kg m−2). Of these, 192 (14.1%) had been evacuated abroad during WWII. The remaining subjects served as controls. Blood pressure levels and use of blood pressure medication were studied. The separated subjects had significantly higher systolic blood pressure values than the non-separated (148.6+21.5 vs 142.2+19.6 mm Hg, P<0.0001) in adult life. Those subjects separated in early childhood had markedly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure values in adult life compared with the non-separated (154.6 vs 142.5 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.6–14.7; P<0.005 and 90.8 vs 87.7 mm Hg; 95% CI 1.0–7.3; P<0.02, respectively). Systolic blood pressure was also higher in the group separated for a duration of <1 year (151.7 vs 142.2 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.0–12.4; P<0.05) compared with the non-separated. Besides being separated, age at separation and duration of separation also influenced blood pressure levels in adult life. This could be due to early hormonal and metabolic programming, during plastic periods in early life, influencing blood pressure levels in adult life.
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childhood separation experience predicts hpa axis hormonal responses in Late Adulthood a natural experiment of world war ii
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2010Co-Authors: Anukatriina Pesonen, Katri Raikkonen, Clive Osmond, David J P Barker, Kati Heinonen, Johan G Eriksson, Kimmo Feldt, David I.w. Phillips, Eero KajantieAbstract:Background Animal models have linked early maternal separation with lifelong changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity. Although this is paralleled in human studies, this is often in the context of other life adversities, for example, divorce or adoption, and it is not known whether early separation in the absence of these factors has long term effects on the HPA axis. Aims The Finnish experience in World War II created a natural experiment to test whether separation from a father serving in the armed forces or from both parents due to war evacuation are associated with alterations in HPA axis response to psychosocial stress in Late Adulthood. Method 282 subjects (M=63.5 years, SD=2.5), of whom 85 were non-separated, 129 were separated from their father, and 68 were separated from both their caregivers during WWII, were enlisted to participate in a Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), during which we measured salivary cortisol and, for 215 individuals, plasma cortisol and ACTH concentrations. We used mixed models to study whether parental separation is associated with salivary and plasma cortisol or plasma ACTH reactivity, and linear regressions to analyse differences in the baseline, or incremental area under the cortisol or ACTH curves. Results Participants separated from their father did not differ significantly from non-separated participants. However, those separated from both parents had higher average salivary cortisol and plasma ACTH concentrations across all time points compared to the non-separated group. They also had higher salivary cortisol reactivity to the TSST. Separated women had higher baselines in plasma cortisol and ACTH, whereas men had higher reactivity in response to stress during the TSST. Participants who had experienced the separation in early childhood were more affected than children separated during infancy or school age. Conclusions Separation from parents during childhood may alter an individual's stress physiology much Later in adult life.
Paul Wink - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does religiousness buffer against the fear of death and dying in Late Adulthood findings from a longitudinal study
Journals of Gerontology Series B-psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 2005Co-Authors: Paul Wink, Julia A ScottAbstract:We used longitudinal data (N = 155) to investigate the relation between religiousness and fear of death and dying in Late Adulthood. We found no linear relations between religiousness and fear of death and dying. Individuals who were moderately religious feared death more than individuals who scored high or low on religiousness. Fear of death also characterized participants who lacked congruence between belief in an afterlife and religious practices. We replicated the curvilinear relation between fear of death and religiousness in Late Adulthood with religiousness in middle Adulthood, controlling for sociodemographic variables, life satisfaction, social support, and stressors. Older participants (in their mid-70s) who experienced more bereavement and illness feared the dying process less than younger participants (in their Late 60s). The findings support the hypothesis that firmness and consistency of beliefs and practices, rather than religiousness per se, buffers against death anxiety in old age.
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religiousness spirituality and psychosocial functioning in Late Adulthood findings from a longitudinal study
Psychology and Aging, 2003Co-Authors: Paul Wink, Michele M DillonAbstract:: This study used longitudinal data to examine the relations among religiousness, spirituality, and 3 key domains of psychosocial functioning in Late Adulthood: (a) sources of well-being, (b) involvement in tasks of everyday life, and (c) generativity and wisdom. Religiousness and spirituality were operationalized as distinct but overlapping dimensions of individual difference. In Late Adulthood, religiousness was positively reLated to well-being from positive relations with others, involvement in social and community life tasks, and generativity. Spirituality was positively reLated to well-being from personal growth, involvement in creative and knowledge-building life tasks, and wisdom. Neither religiousness nor spirituality was associated with narcissism. The relations between religiousness, spirituality, and outcomes in Late Adulthood were also observed using religiousness scored in early and spirituality scored in Late middle Adulthood. All analyses were controlled for gender, cohort, social class, and the overlap between religiousness and spirituality.
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Dwelling and Seeking in Late Adulthood: The Psychosocial Implications of Two Types of Religious Orientation
Journal of religious gerontology, 2003Co-Authors: Paul WinkAbstract:SUMMARY This article summarizes quantitative findings and presents two illustrative case studies showing how religious dwelling and spiritual seeking evolve over the adult life course and reLate to psychosocial functioning in Late Adulthood. The data come from the Institute of Human Development (IHD) longitudinal study of men and women. Religious dwellers tend to emphasize traditional forms of religious behavior whereas spiritual seekers emphasize innovative religious practices. In the IHD study, the religious involvement of the dwellers tended to be highly stable over the life course whereas spirituality gained in salience in the second half of Adulthood. In Late Adulthood, religious dwelling was associated with maintaining close and warm relations with others and communal involvement, and during times of adversity, religiousness served as a buffer against the loss of life satisfaction. Spiritual seeking was associated with an emphasis on personal growth, creativity, and acquiring new knowledge. Spiritua...
Katri Raikkonen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Late preterm birth and neurocognitive performance in Late Adulthood a birth cohort study
Pediatrics, 2015Co-Authors: Kati Heinonen, Anukatriina Pesonen, Clive Osmond, Eero Kajantie, Johan G Eriksson, Jari Lahti, Soile Tuovinen, Katri RaikkonenAbstract:OBJECTIVES: We studied if Late preterm birth (34 weeks 0 days–36 weeks 6 days of gestation) is associated with performance on the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropsychological Battery (CERAD-NB) in Late Adulthood and if maximum attained lifetime education moderated these associations. METHODS: Participants were 919 Finnish men and women born between 1934 and 1944, who participated in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. They underwent the CERAD-NB at a mean age of 68.1 years. Data regarding gestational age (Late preterm versus term) were extracted from hospital birth records, and educational attainment data were gathered from Statistics Finland. RESULTS: After adjustment for major confounders, those born Late preterm scored lower on word list recognition (mean difference: –0.33 SD; P = .03) than those born at term. Among those who had attained a basic or upper secondary education, Late preterm birth was associated with lower scores on word list recognition, constructional praxis, constructional praxis recall, clock drawing, Mini–Mental State Examination, and memory total and CERAD total 2 compound scores (mean differences: >0.40 SD; P values P = .02). Among those with tertiary levels of education, Late preterm birth was not associated with CERAD-NB scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings offer new insight into the lifelong consequences of Late preterm birth, and they add Late preterm birth as a novel risk factor to the list of neurocognitive impairment in Late Adulthood. Our findings also suggest that attained lifetime education may mitigate aging-reLated neurocognitive impairment, especially among those born Late preterm.
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early life stress and physical and psychosocial functioning in Late Adulthood
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Hanna Alastalo, Mikaela B Von Bonsdorff, Katri Raikkonen, Anukatriina Pesonen, Clive Osmond, David J P Barker, Kati Heinonen, Eero KajantieAbstract:Background Severe stress experienced in early life may have long-term effects on adult physiological and psychological health and well-being. We studied physical and psychosocial functioning in Late Adulthood in subjects separated temporarily from their parents in childhood during World War II. Methods The 1803 participants belong to the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, born 1934–44. Of them, 267 (14.8%) had been evacuated abroad in childhood during WWII and the remaining subjects served as controls. Physical and psychosocial functioning was assessed with the Short Form 36 scale (SF-36) between 2001 and 2004. A test for trends was based on linear regression. All analyses were adjusted for age at clinical examination, social class in childhood and Adulthood, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, body mass index, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Results Physical functioning in Late Adulthood was lower among the separated men compared to non-separated men (b = −0.40, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: −0.71 to −0.08). Those men separated in school age (>7 years) and who were separated for a duration over 2 years had the highest risk for lower physical functioning (b = −0.89, 95% CI: −1.58 to −0.20) and (b = −0.65, 95% CI: −1.25 to −0.05), respectively). Men separated for a duration over 2 years also had lower psychosocial functioning (b = −0.70, 95% CI: −1.35 to −0.06). These differences in physical and psychosocial functioning were not observed among women. Conclusion Early life stress may increase the risk for impaired physical functioning in Late Adulthood among men. Timing and duration of the separation influenced the physical and psychosocial functioning in Late Adulthood.
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early life stress and blood pressure levels in Late Adulthood
Journal of Human Hypertension, 2013Co-Authors: Hanna Alastalo, Katri Raikkonen, Anukatriina Pesonen, Clive Osmond, David J P Barker, Kati Heinonen, Eero KajantieAbstract:Severe stress experienced in early life may have long-term consequences on adult physiological functions. We studied the long-term effects of separation on blood pressure levels in non-obese subjects who were separated temporarily in childhood from their parents during World War II (WWII). The original clinical study cohort consists of people born during 1934–1944 in Helsinki, Finland. This substudy includes 1361 non-obese subjects (body mass index <30 kg m−2). Of these, 192 (14.1%) had been evacuated abroad during WWII. The remaining subjects served as controls. Blood pressure levels and use of blood pressure medication were studied. The separated subjects had significantly higher systolic blood pressure values than the non-separated (148.6+21.5 vs 142.2+19.6 mm Hg, P<0.0001) in adult life. Those subjects separated in early childhood had markedly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure values in adult life compared with the non-separated (154.6 vs 142.5 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.6–14.7; P<0.005 and 90.8 vs 87.7 mm Hg; 95% CI 1.0–7.3; P<0.02, respectively). Systolic blood pressure was also higher in the group separated for a duration of <1 year (151.7 vs 142.2 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.0–12.4; P<0.05) compared with the non-separated. Besides being separated, age at separation and duration of separation also influenced blood pressure levels in adult life. This could be due to early hormonal and metabolic programming, during plastic periods in early life, influencing blood pressure levels in adult life.
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history of mental disorders and leukocyte telomere length in Late Adulthood the helsinki birth cohort study hbcs
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2012Co-Authors: Katri Savolainen, Katri Raikkonen, Eero Kajantie, Jari Lahti, Laura Kananen, Iiris Hovatta, Marius Lahti, Anukatriina PesonenAbstract:: Shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) has been linked with mental disorders and with other manifestations of chronic non-communicable diseases. Mental disorders are associated with increased morbidity and premature mortality. It remains unclear if shorter LTL characterizes patients who have been diagnosed with mental disorders in the past, and who have survived till Late Adulthood. 1051 women and 905 men of the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study participated in this study. LTL was measured by using the real-time quantitative PCR method for subjects and patients at the mean age of 61.5 years. Patients with a mental disorder severe enough to warrant hospitalization (n = 116) were identified by their case records in the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register and the use of psychotropic medication by reimbursement entitlements or prescription fills (n = 665) data in the Finnish Social Insurance Register. Participants hospitalized for any mental or substance use disorders had longer LTL than non-hospitalized controls (p-values < 0.042). Moreover, only those any mental disorder patients who had psychotropic medication use had longer LTL than non-hospitalized controls (p = 0.02). Adjustment for a number of covariates did not attenuate the association. Our findings suggest that shorter LTL may not be an intrinsic feature of mental disorders. Future research is needed to elucidate if psychotropic medication is involved in leukocyte telomere length maintenance in subjects with mental disorders.
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childhood separation experience predicts hpa axis hormonal responses in Late Adulthood a natural experiment of world war ii
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2010Co-Authors: Anukatriina Pesonen, Katri Raikkonen, Clive Osmond, David J P Barker, Kati Heinonen, Johan G Eriksson, Kimmo Feldt, David I.w. Phillips, Eero KajantieAbstract:Background Animal models have linked early maternal separation with lifelong changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity. Although this is paralleled in human studies, this is often in the context of other life adversities, for example, divorce or adoption, and it is not known whether early separation in the absence of these factors has long term effects on the HPA axis. Aims The Finnish experience in World War II created a natural experiment to test whether separation from a father serving in the armed forces or from both parents due to war evacuation are associated with alterations in HPA axis response to psychosocial stress in Late Adulthood. Method 282 subjects (M=63.5 years, SD=2.5), of whom 85 were non-separated, 129 were separated from their father, and 68 were separated from both their caregivers during WWII, were enlisted to participate in a Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), during which we measured salivary cortisol and, for 215 individuals, plasma cortisol and ACTH concentrations. We used mixed models to study whether parental separation is associated with salivary and plasma cortisol or plasma ACTH reactivity, and linear regressions to analyse differences in the baseline, or incremental area under the cortisol or ACTH curves. Results Participants separated from their father did not differ significantly from non-separated participants. However, those separated from both parents had higher average salivary cortisol and plasma ACTH concentrations across all time points compared to the non-separated group. They also had higher salivary cortisol reactivity to the TSST. Separated women had higher baselines in plasma cortisol and ACTH, whereas men had higher reactivity in response to stress during the TSST. Participants who had experienced the separation in early childhood were more affected than children separated during infancy or school age. Conclusions Separation from parents during childhood may alter an individual's stress physiology much Later in adult life.
