The Experts below are selected from a list of 256167 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jeremy M Boss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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chronic virus infection enforces demethylation of the locus that encodes pd 1 in antigen specific cd8 t cells
Immunity, 2011Co-Authors: Benjamin Youngblood, Kenneth J Oestreich, Jaikumar Duraiswamy, Rama Akondy, Erin E West, Zhengyu Wei, James W Austin, James L Riley, Jeremy M BossAbstract:Summary Functionally exhausted T cells have high expression of the PD-1 inhibitory receptor, and therapies that block PD-1 signaling show promise for resolving chronic viral infections and cancer. By using human and murine systems of acute and chronic viral infections, we analyzed epigenetic regulation of PD-1 expression during CD8 + T cell differentiation. During acute infection, naive to effector CD8 + T cell differentiation was accompanied by a transient loss of DNA methylation of the Pdcd1 locus that was directly coupled to the duration and strength of T cell receptor signaling. Further differentiation into functional memory cells coincided with Pdcd1 remethylation, providing an adapted program for regulation of PD-1 expression. In contrast, the Pdcd1 regulatory region was completely demethylated in exhausted CD8 + T cells and remained unmethylated even when virus titers decreased. This lack of DNA remethylation leaves the Pdcd1 locus poised for rapid expression, potentially providing a signal for premature termination of antiviral functions.
Kenneth J Oestreich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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chronic virus infection enforces demethylation of the locus that encodes pd 1 in antigen specific cd8 t cells
Immunity, 2011Co-Authors: Benjamin Youngblood, Kenneth J Oestreich, Jaikumar Duraiswamy, Rama Akondy, Erin E West, Zhengyu Wei, James W Austin, James L Riley, Jeremy M BossAbstract:Summary Functionally exhausted T cells have high expression of the PD-1 inhibitory receptor, and therapies that block PD-1 signaling show promise for resolving chronic viral infections and cancer. By using human and murine systems of acute and chronic viral infections, we analyzed epigenetic regulation of PD-1 expression during CD8 + T cell differentiation. During acute infection, naive to effector CD8 + T cell differentiation was accompanied by a transient loss of DNA methylation of the Pdcd1 locus that was directly coupled to the duration and strength of T cell receptor signaling. Further differentiation into functional memory cells coincided with Pdcd1 remethylation, providing an adapted program for regulation of PD-1 expression. In contrast, the Pdcd1 regulatory region was completely demethylated in exhausted CD8 + T cells and remained unmethylated even when virus titers decreased. This lack of DNA remethylation leaves the Pdcd1 locus poised for rapid expression, potentially providing a signal for premature termination of antiviral functions.
Huiping Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Regeneration of exhausted activated carbon by electrochemical method
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2002Co-Authors: Huiping ZhangAbstract:Abstract The regeneration of coconut shell activated carbon contaminated with phenol was systematically investigated by electrochemical method under different operating conditions. The effects of several operating parameters on the electrochemical regeneration efficiency were measured at room temperature. The experimental results show that the electrochemical method can be used to regenerate the activated carbon exhausted with phenol. The electrochemical regeneration efficiency depends on several operating variables such as electrolyte concentration, regeneration current intensity and regeneration time. The residual phenol concentration in solution was much lower and the regeneration efficiency can reach 85.2% in a stirred electrochemical reactor after regeneration for 5 h.
Feng M. Hsu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Liquid-phase adsorption of organic compounds by granular activated carbon and activated carbon fibers
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1995Co-Authors: Sheng H. Lin, Feng M. HsuAbstract:Liquid-phase adsorption of organic compounds by granular activated carbon (GAC) and activated carbon fibers (ACFs) is investigated. Acetone, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), phenol, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were employed as the model compounds for the present study. It is observed from the experimental results that adsorption of organic compounds by GAC and ACF is influenced by the BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area of adsorbent and the molecular weight, polarity, and solubility of the adsorbate. The adsorption characteristics of GAC and ACFs were found to differ rather significantly. In terms of the adsorption capacity of organic compounds, the time to reach equilibrium adsorption, and the time for complete desorption, ACFs have been observed to be considerably better than GAC. For the organic compounds tested here, the GAC adsorptions were shown to be represented well by the Langmuir isotherm while the ACF adsorption could be adequately described by the Langmuir or the Freundlich isotherm. Column adsorption tests indicated that the exhausted ACFs can be effectively regenerated by static in situ thermal desorption at 150 C, but the same regeneration conditions do not do as well for the exhausted GAC.
Z Ansaripirsarai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of different olive cake by products on dry matter intake nutrient digestibility and performance of zel sheep
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2009Co-Authors: H. Sadeghi, A. Teimouri Yansari, Z AnsaripirsaraiAbstract:Toweny four similar Zel ewes (~26.51 kg body weight) from one farm were evaluated for the effects of different olive cake by products on fattening performance. The experiment consisted of three 30 days periods. Diets had 30:70 of forage: concentration ratio and contained 30, 30, 10, 9.5, 0.3, 0.1, 0.1 and 20% of dry matter of alfalfa, barely, beet pulp, wheat bran, dicalcium phosphate, vitamin premix and salt and one type of olive cake, respectively. Four different olive cake by products including crude, the exhausted, partly destoned and partly destoned exhausted olive cake were included in experimental rations. Water and mineralized salt stone were available for ewes during experiment. Ewes were housed in sheep feedlot cage and fed ad libitum, twice daily at 0900 and 2100. Live weights, feed consumptions, nutrients digestibility, growth rate and feed conversation for lambs were determined over every 30 days. All olive by products had high neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 68.9, 71.3, 50.3 & 54.3), acid detergent fiber (ADF, 51.2, 56.5, 30.5 & 36.3) and lignin (31.3, 32.3, 22.5 & 27.1%) of dry matter in crude olive cake, partly destoned olive cake, exhausted olive cake and partly destoned exhausted olive cake, respectively). There were significant differences on dry matter intake between treatments over the experiment. The animals fed with partly destoned olive cake had significantly higher dry matter intake, digestibility of DM, NDF and crude protein of ration. There were no significant differences on initial body live weight of sheep, but there were significant difference on body weight, growth rate and feed conversation between treatments over the first, second, third periods and overall the experiment. In conclusion, on the basis of our results, we can state destoned olive cake may have better nutritive value than the others olive cake by products and it has improved body weight gain, growth rate and feed conversations.
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ruminal dry matter and nutrient degradability of different olive cake by products after incubation in the rumen using nylon bag technique
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology (Pakistan), 2007Co-Authors: A. Teimouri Yansari, Z Ansaripirsarai, H. Sadeghi, H M ZadehAbstract:The experiment was conducted to evaluate the ruminal dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber degradability of different olive cake by-products including crude, exhausted, partly-destoned and partly-destined-exhausted olive cake using nylon bag technique. Chemical composition of different types of olive cake was significantly different. Crude olive cake had a low crude protein, high crude fiber, neutral and acid detergent fiber and relatively high fat content. Destoning and exhausting significantly increased crude protein content of olive cake; the latter decreased fat content and relatively increased its other contents. In addition, partial destoning lowered its crude fiber, neutral and acid detergent fiber. About 3 g of dry matter (DM) equivalent of samples were weighed in sealed nylon bags (6 cm × 7.5 cm, polyamide, 26% porosity, 40 ± 10 μ pore size), and incubated in the rumen of two cannulated Zel ewes (approximately 1 yr old, BW = 32.2 kg) that fed alfalfa hay and ground barely in a ratio of about 75:25 (DM basis) at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. The DM degradation showed significant differences in soluble for soluble fraction (7.83, 8.85, 11.05 & 14.40%), slowly digestible fraction (24.33, 25.45, 29.80 & 31.45%), potentially degradable fraction (32.16, 34.30, 40.85 & 45.85%), fractional rate of disappearance (2.8, 3.0, 4.1 & 4.2% h) and effective degradability in crude, exhausted, partly-destined and partly destoned exhausted olive cake, respectively. The protein in different olive byproducts had the lowest degradable fraction and rate; however, the NDF and crude protein had similar trend to DM. The results revealed that low degradable fraction of DM, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of olive byproducts are the most important limiting factors in ruminant nutrition.