The Experts below are selected from a list of 2646 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ze-bin Shi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a review for the molecular research of russet semi russet of sand pear Exocarp and their genetic characters
Scientia Horticulturae, 2016Co-Authors: Yue-zhi Wang, Shujun Zhang, Mei-song Dai, Dan-ying Cai, Ze-bin ShiAbstract:Abstract Exocarp protects the fruit against external stresses by means of its special physical and biochemical properties. It is also a commercially important quality for fruits characterized with certain color and structure. The color of sand pear Exocarp can be divided into three types of russet, semi-russet and green. The green of Exocarp is formed by accumulation of chlorophyll in epidermal cells. Russeting is a disorder of the fruit skin that results from microscopic cracks caused by growth stresses and several additional factors and the subsequent formation of higher plasticity periderm membranes by the accumulation of suberin on the inner part of the cell wall of the outer epidermal cell layers. Genes and pathways that are specific to Exocarp russet formation have been identified in sand pear and its genetically related apple. The cuticle biosynthetic genes were repressed while stress response genes and suberin deposition genes were enhanced underlying the Exocarp russeting. One major ‘QTL’ associated with russet of Exocarp was identified at the top of LG 8. However, despite these advances, important aspects of russet and semi-russet inheritance remain obscure. Central questions include whether russet and semi-russet are belong to one type of quantitative trait or not, and their genetic characters. These issues are reviewed. Greater emphasis on gene mapping and cloning, biochemical characterization of metabolic intermediates and putative enzymes identified to put together correct and detailed pathways will be required to solve these unknowns of the mechanisms underlying the Exocarp russet and semi-russet formation.
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A review for the molecular research of russet/semi-russet of sand pear Exocarp and their genetic characters
Scientia Horticulturae, 2016Co-Authors: Yue-zhi Wang, Shujun Zhang, Mei-song Dai, Dan-ying Cai, Ze-bin ShiAbstract:Abstract Exocarp protects the fruit against external stresses by means of its special physical and biochemical properties. It is also a commercially important quality for fruits characterized with certain color and structure. The color of sand pear Exocarp can be divided into three types of russet, semi-russet and green. The green of Exocarp is formed by accumulation of chlorophyll in epidermal cells. Russeting is a disorder of the fruit skin that results from microscopic cracks caused by growth stresses and several additional factors and the subsequent formation of higher plasticity periderm membranes by the accumulation of suberin on the inner part of the cell wall of the outer epidermal cell layers. Genes and pathways that are specific to Exocarp russet formation have been identified in sand pear and its genetically related apple. The cuticle biosynthetic genes were repressed while stress response genes and suberin deposition genes were enhanced underlying the Exocarp russeting. One major ‘QTL’ associated with russet of Exocarp was identified at the top of LG 8. However, despite these advances, important aspects of russet and semi-russet inheritance remain obscure. Central questions include whether russet and semi-russet are belong to one type of quantitative trait or not, and their genetic characters. These issues are reviewed. Greater emphasis on gene mapping and cloning, biochemical characterization of metabolic intermediates and putative enzymes identified to put together correct and detailed pathways will be required to solve these unknowns of the mechanisms underlying the Exocarp russet and semi-russet formation.
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Pigmentation in sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) fruit: biochemical characterization, gene discovery and expression analysis with Exocarp pigmentation mutant.
Plant Molecular Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Yue-zhi Wang, Shujun Zhang, Mei-song Dai, Ze-bin ShiAbstract:Exocarp color of sand pear is an important trait for the fruit production and has caused our concern for a long time. Our previous study explored the different expression genes between the two genotypes contrasting for Exocarp color, which indicated the different suberin, cutin, wax and lignin biosynthesis between the russet- and green-Exocarp. In this study, we carried out microscopic observation and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis to detect the differences of tissue structure and biochemical composition between the russet- and green-Exocarp of sand pear. The green Exocarp was covered with epidermis and cuticle which was replaced by a cork layer on the surface of russet Exocarp, and the chemicals of the russet Exocarp were characterized by lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. We explored differential gene expression between the russet Exocarp of 'Niitaka' and its green Exocarp mutant cv. 'Suisho' using Illumina RNA-sequencing. A total of 559 unigenes showed different expression between the two types of Exocarp, and 123 of them were common to the previous study. The quantitative real time-PCR analysis supports the RNA-seq-derived gene with different expression between the two types of Exocarp and revealed the preferential expression of these genes in Exocarp than in mesocarp and fruit core. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed divorced expression of lipid metabolic process genes, transport genes, stress responsive genes and other biological process genes in the two types of Exocarp. Expression changes in lignin metabolism-related genes were consistent with the different pigmentation of russet and green Exocarp. Increased transcripts of putative genes involved the suberin, cutin and wax biosynthesis in 'Suisho' Exocarp could facilitate deposition of the chemicals and take a role in the mutant trait responsible for the green Exocarp. In addition, the divorced expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters involved in the trans-membrane transport of lignin, cutin, and suberin precursors suggests that the transport process could also affect the composition of Exocarp and take a role in the regulation of Exocarp pigmentation. Results from this study provide a base for the analysis of the molecular mechanism underlying sand pear russet/green Exocarp mutation, and presents a comprehensive list of candidate genes that could be used to further investigate the trait mutation at the molecular level.
Yue-zhi Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a review for the molecular research of russet semi russet of sand pear Exocarp and their genetic characters
Scientia Horticulturae, 2016Co-Authors: Yue-zhi Wang, Shujun Zhang, Mei-song Dai, Dan-ying Cai, Ze-bin ShiAbstract:Abstract Exocarp protects the fruit against external stresses by means of its special physical and biochemical properties. It is also a commercially important quality for fruits characterized with certain color and structure. The color of sand pear Exocarp can be divided into three types of russet, semi-russet and green. The green of Exocarp is formed by accumulation of chlorophyll in epidermal cells. Russeting is a disorder of the fruit skin that results from microscopic cracks caused by growth stresses and several additional factors and the subsequent formation of higher plasticity periderm membranes by the accumulation of suberin on the inner part of the cell wall of the outer epidermal cell layers. Genes and pathways that are specific to Exocarp russet formation have been identified in sand pear and its genetically related apple. The cuticle biosynthetic genes were repressed while stress response genes and suberin deposition genes were enhanced underlying the Exocarp russeting. One major ‘QTL’ associated with russet of Exocarp was identified at the top of LG 8. However, despite these advances, important aspects of russet and semi-russet inheritance remain obscure. Central questions include whether russet and semi-russet are belong to one type of quantitative trait or not, and their genetic characters. These issues are reviewed. Greater emphasis on gene mapping and cloning, biochemical characterization of metabolic intermediates and putative enzymes identified to put together correct and detailed pathways will be required to solve these unknowns of the mechanisms underlying the Exocarp russet and semi-russet formation.
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A review for the molecular research of russet/semi-russet of sand pear Exocarp and their genetic characters
Scientia Horticulturae, 2016Co-Authors: Yue-zhi Wang, Shujun Zhang, Mei-song Dai, Dan-ying Cai, Ze-bin ShiAbstract:Abstract Exocarp protects the fruit against external stresses by means of its special physical and biochemical properties. It is also a commercially important quality for fruits characterized with certain color and structure. The color of sand pear Exocarp can be divided into three types of russet, semi-russet and green. The green of Exocarp is formed by accumulation of chlorophyll in epidermal cells. Russeting is a disorder of the fruit skin that results from microscopic cracks caused by growth stresses and several additional factors and the subsequent formation of higher plasticity periderm membranes by the accumulation of suberin on the inner part of the cell wall of the outer epidermal cell layers. Genes and pathways that are specific to Exocarp russet formation have been identified in sand pear and its genetically related apple. The cuticle biosynthetic genes were repressed while stress response genes and suberin deposition genes were enhanced underlying the Exocarp russeting. One major ‘QTL’ associated with russet of Exocarp was identified at the top of LG 8. However, despite these advances, important aspects of russet and semi-russet inheritance remain obscure. Central questions include whether russet and semi-russet are belong to one type of quantitative trait or not, and their genetic characters. These issues are reviewed. Greater emphasis on gene mapping and cloning, biochemical characterization of metabolic intermediates and putative enzymes identified to put together correct and detailed pathways will be required to solve these unknowns of the mechanisms underlying the Exocarp russet and semi-russet formation.
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Pigmentation in sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) fruit: biochemical characterization, gene discovery and expression analysis with Exocarp pigmentation mutant.
Plant Molecular Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Yue-zhi Wang, Shujun Zhang, Mei-song Dai, Ze-bin ShiAbstract:Exocarp color of sand pear is an important trait for the fruit production and has caused our concern for a long time. Our previous study explored the different expression genes between the two genotypes contrasting for Exocarp color, which indicated the different suberin, cutin, wax and lignin biosynthesis between the russet- and green-Exocarp. In this study, we carried out microscopic observation and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis to detect the differences of tissue structure and biochemical composition between the russet- and green-Exocarp of sand pear. The green Exocarp was covered with epidermis and cuticle which was replaced by a cork layer on the surface of russet Exocarp, and the chemicals of the russet Exocarp were characterized by lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. We explored differential gene expression between the russet Exocarp of 'Niitaka' and its green Exocarp mutant cv. 'Suisho' using Illumina RNA-sequencing. A total of 559 unigenes showed different expression between the two types of Exocarp, and 123 of them were common to the previous study. The quantitative real time-PCR analysis supports the RNA-seq-derived gene with different expression between the two types of Exocarp and revealed the preferential expression of these genes in Exocarp than in mesocarp and fruit core. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed divorced expression of lipid metabolic process genes, transport genes, stress responsive genes and other biological process genes in the two types of Exocarp. Expression changes in lignin metabolism-related genes were consistent with the different pigmentation of russet and green Exocarp. Increased transcripts of putative genes involved the suberin, cutin and wax biosynthesis in 'Suisho' Exocarp could facilitate deposition of the chemicals and take a role in the mutant trait responsible for the green Exocarp. In addition, the divorced expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters involved in the trans-membrane transport of lignin, cutin, and suberin precursors suggests that the transport process could also affect the composition of Exocarp and take a role in the regulation of Exocarp pigmentation. Results from this study provide a base for the analysis of the molecular mechanism underlying sand pear russet/green Exocarp mutation, and presents a comprehensive list of candidate genes that could be used to further investigate the trait mutation at the molecular level.
Shujun Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterization of the composition and gene expression involved the shikimate pathway in the Exocarp of dangshansuli pear and its russet mutant
Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology, 2020Co-Authors: Bing Jia, Wei Heng, Shujun Zhang, Zhaoyang Cheng, Qi Wang, Liwu ZhuAbstract:‘Dangshansuli’ pear is a yellow–green fruit when mature, whereas that of the mutant ‘Xiusu’ is russeted. In this study, the contents of glucose, fructose and sucrose in the Exocarp of ‘Xiusu’ were found to be lower than those in ‘Dangshansuli’ at 75–100 days after full bloom (DAFB) but were higher at 150 DAFB. Additionally, the contents of six polysaccharides in the Exocarp of ‘Xiusu’ were higher than those in ‘Dangshansuli’ at 75 DAFB, the stage at which ‘Xiusu’ becomes russet in color, as well as at 150 DAFB; however, this was not observed for xylose. The contents of type I and II amino acids in the Exocarp of ‘Xiusu’ were higher than those in ‘Dangshansuli’ at different stages, except for at 150 DAFB. The entire sequences of eight genes involved in the shikimate pathway and cell wall structure were cloned, and expression of these genes in the Exocarp of ‘Dangshansuli’ and ‘Xiusu’ were significantly different during fruit development, indicating that these genes might be involved in the russeting process. It is speculated that the shikimate pathway connects primary and secondary metabolism and that high contents of sugars as carbon sources provide precursors for suberin, lignin and lignan to generate russet skin in pear.
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a review for the molecular research of russet semi russet of sand pear Exocarp and their genetic characters
Scientia Horticulturae, 2016Co-Authors: Yue-zhi Wang, Shujun Zhang, Mei-song Dai, Dan-ying Cai, Ze-bin ShiAbstract:Abstract Exocarp protects the fruit against external stresses by means of its special physical and biochemical properties. It is also a commercially important quality for fruits characterized with certain color and structure. The color of sand pear Exocarp can be divided into three types of russet, semi-russet and green. The green of Exocarp is formed by accumulation of chlorophyll in epidermal cells. Russeting is a disorder of the fruit skin that results from microscopic cracks caused by growth stresses and several additional factors and the subsequent formation of higher plasticity periderm membranes by the accumulation of suberin on the inner part of the cell wall of the outer epidermal cell layers. Genes and pathways that are specific to Exocarp russet formation have been identified in sand pear and its genetically related apple. The cuticle biosynthetic genes were repressed while stress response genes and suberin deposition genes were enhanced underlying the Exocarp russeting. One major ‘QTL’ associated with russet of Exocarp was identified at the top of LG 8. However, despite these advances, important aspects of russet and semi-russet inheritance remain obscure. Central questions include whether russet and semi-russet are belong to one type of quantitative trait or not, and their genetic characters. These issues are reviewed. Greater emphasis on gene mapping and cloning, biochemical characterization of metabolic intermediates and putative enzymes identified to put together correct and detailed pathways will be required to solve these unknowns of the mechanisms underlying the Exocarp russet and semi-russet formation.
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A review for the molecular research of russet/semi-russet of sand pear Exocarp and their genetic characters
Scientia Horticulturae, 2016Co-Authors: Yue-zhi Wang, Shujun Zhang, Mei-song Dai, Dan-ying Cai, Ze-bin ShiAbstract:Abstract Exocarp protects the fruit against external stresses by means of its special physical and biochemical properties. It is also a commercially important quality for fruits characterized with certain color and structure. The color of sand pear Exocarp can be divided into three types of russet, semi-russet and green. The green of Exocarp is formed by accumulation of chlorophyll in epidermal cells. Russeting is a disorder of the fruit skin that results from microscopic cracks caused by growth stresses and several additional factors and the subsequent formation of higher plasticity periderm membranes by the accumulation of suberin on the inner part of the cell wall of the outer epidermal cell layers. Genes and pathways that are specific to Exocarp russet formation have been identified in sand pear and its genetically related apple. The cuticle biosynthetic genes were repressed while stress response genes and suberin deposition genes were enhanced underlying the Exocarp russeting. One major ‘QTL’ associated with russet of Exocarp was identified at the top of LG 8. However, despite these advances, important aspects of russet and semi-russet inheritance remain obscure. Central questions include whether russet and semi-russet are belong to one type of quantitative trait or not, and their genetic characters. These issues are reviewed. Greater emphasis on gene mapping and cloning, biochemical characterization of metabolic intermediates and putative enzymes identified to put together correct and detailed pathways will be required to solve these unknowns of the mechanisms underlying the Exocarp russet and semi-russet formation.
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Pigmentation in sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) fruit: biochemical characterization, gene discovery and expression analysis with Exocarp pigmentation mutant.
Plant Molecular Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Yue-zhi Wang, Shujun Zhang, Mei-song Dai, Ze-bin ShiAbstract:Exocarp color of sand pear is an important trait for the fruit production and has caused our concern for a long time. Our previous study explored the different expression genes between the two genotypes contrasting for Exocarp color, which indicated the different suberin, cutin, wax and lignin biosynthesis between the russet- and green-Exocarp. In this study, we carried out microscopic observation and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis to detect the differences of tissue structure and biochemical composition between the russet- and green-Exocarp of sand pear. The green Exocarp was covered with epidermis and cuticle which was replaced by a cork layer on the surface of russet Exocarp, and the chemicals of the russet Exocarp were characterized by lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. We explored differential gene expression between the russet Exocarp of 'Niitaka' and its green Exocarp mutant cv. 'Suisho' using Illumina RNA-sequencing. A total of 559 unigenes showed different expression between the two types of Exocarp, and 123 of them were common to the previous study. The quantitative real time-PCR analysis supports the RNA-seq-derived gene with different expression between the two types of Exocarp and revealed the preferential expression of these genes in Exocarp than in mesocarp and fruit core. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed divorced expression of lipid metabolic process genes, transport genes, stress responsive genes and other biological process genes in the two types of Exocarp. Expression changes in lignin metabolism-related genes were consistent with the different pigmentation of russet and green Exocarp. Increased transcripts of putative genes involved the suberin, cutin and wax biosynthesis in 'Suisho' Exocarp could facilitate deposition of the chemicals and take a role in the mutant trait responsible for the green Exocarp. In addition, the divorced expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters involved in the trans-membrane transport of lignin, cutin, and suberin precursors suggests that the transport process could also affect the composition of Exocarp and take a role in the regulation of Exocarp pigmentation. Results from this study provide a base for the analysis of the molecular mechanism underlying sand pear russet/green Exocarp mutation, and presents a comprehensive list of candidate genes that could be used to further investigate the trait mutation at the molecular level.
Elendu Ziquin Ezinne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Estimation of some phytoconstituents in the aqueous extract of the endocarp, seeds and Exocarp of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) fruit
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Elendu Ziquin EzinneAbstract:Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is an indigenous fruit consumed in Nigeria and the world over. This study was aimed at comparatively evaluating phytoconstituents in the endocarp, seeds and Exocarp of this fruit. Phytochemical tests revealed that, terpenoids, flavonoids and saponins were significantly (p
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estimation of some phytoconstituents in the aqueous extract of the endocarp seeds and Exocarp of watermelon citrullus lanatus fruit
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2019Co-Authors: H K Njoya, G O Erifeta, C U Okwuonu, Elendu Ziquin EzinneAbstract:Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is an indigenous fruit consumed in Nigeria and the world over. This study was aimed at comparatively evaluating phytoconstituents in the endocarp, seeds and Exocarp of this fruit. Phytochemical tests revealed that, terpenoids, flavonoids and saponins were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the endocarp, whereas, alkaloids, total phenols, cyanogenic glycosides and anthraquinones were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the Exocarp. Proximate analysis revealed that crude lipids and proteins were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the seeds; crude fibre and ash significantly (p<0.05) higher in the Exocarp, while the moisture and carbohydrates were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the endocarp. Minerals like phosphorus, magnesium, chloride, iron, calcium and potassium were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the Exocarp while sodium and iron were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the endocarp. The entire fruit may be consumed since every part had phytoconstituents of medicinal relevance; instead of the common practice of discarding the Exocarp and seeds.
Charles H. Cannon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The intraspecific variation of the two fruit types.
2018Co-Authors: Xi Chen, Takashi S. Kohyama, Charles H. CannonAbstract:(a) The seed coverage by Exocarp and receptacle of AC species. (b) The seed coverage by Exocarp and receptacle of ER species. (c) The volume of Exocarp and receptacle of AC species. (d) The volume of Exocarp and receptacle of ER species. The scale of (a) and (b) are standardized as the scales in Fig 3 (A). The scale of (c) and (d) are standardized as the scales in Fig 3 (B). There are 7 AC species in (a) and (c), each species is represented by a specific color with the total of 16 or more fruits. There are 4 ER species in (b) and (d) each species is represented by a specific color with the total of 7 or more fruits. Each circle represents a single fruit.
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Exocarp rotation dimension and twelve morphological parameters.
2018Co-Authors: Xi Chen, Takashi S. Kohyama, Charles H. CannonAbstract:(a) The rotation angle of Exocarp (θ in degree) is directly measured. (b) Parameters for estimating the volume dimension of three parts (‘e’ for Exocarp, ‘r’ for receptacle and ‘s’ for seed space): Ae, Ar, and As are the area of the three parts on the left side of the longitudinal section; and Re, Rr, and Rs are the distance between the rotation axis and the centroid of Ae, Ar and As respectively. (c) Parameters for estimating the coverage and surface area dimension of three parts (‘e’ for Exocarp, ‘r’ for receptacle and ‘s’ for seed space): Ls, Le, and Lr are length of seed space and the internal lengths of Exocarp and receptacle respectively; and rs, re, and rr are the distance traveled by the centroid of Ls, Le, and Lr respectively.
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The interspecific variation of 98 species and between two fruit types.
2018Co-Authors: Xi Chen, Takashi S. Kohyama, Charles H. CannonAbstract:(a) The level of seed coverage by Exocarp and receptacle. (b) The volume of Exocarp and receptacle. (c) The fruit wall and seed volume. AC and ER stand for acorn and enclosed fruit type respectively. Each circle represents one species. The x and y axis of each graph are standardized.
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The fruit type classification based on the species average seed coverage by Exocarp and receptacle.
2018Co-Authors: Xi Chen, Takashi S. Kohyama, Charles H. CannonAbstract:The fruit type classification based on the species average seed coverage by Exocarp and receptacle.
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Associated morphometric and geospatial differentiation among 98 species of stone oaks (Lithocarpus)
2018Co-Authors: Xi Chen, Takashi S. Kohyama, Charles H. CannonAbstract:Two fruit types can be distinguished among stone oaks (Lithocarpus) species: the ‘acorn’ (AC) and the ‘enclosed receptacle’ (ER) types. Our morphometric analysis of 595 nuts from 98 species (one third of all Lithocarpus spp.) found substantial transition in mechanical protection of the seed between two woody fruit tissues (Exocarp and receptacle) of two fruit types. AC fruits were smaller in seed and fruit size and the thin brittle Exocarp largely enclosed the seed, whereas ER fruits were larger and the seed was mostly enclosed by thick woody receptacle tissue. The differences in these two tissues were considerably greater between compared to within fruit type and species. Geospatial distribution showed that seed size of all examined species increased with elevation and decreased with latitude, the physical defense increased with both elevation and latitude, and ER-fruit species were more common at higher elevation. The two fruit types represent distinct suites of associated traits that respond differently to the various biotic and abiotic factors associated with geographic variation, profoundly impacting the evolution of the two fruit types. The co-occurrence of two fruit types in the same forest could be a consequence of distinct fruit and animal interactions.