The Experts below are selected from a list of 17307 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Miral Dizdaroglu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mechanisms of free radical induced damage to dna
Free Radical Research, 2012Co-Authors: Miral Dizdaroglu, Pawel JarugaAbstract:AbstractEndogenous and Exogenous Sources cause free radical-induced DNA damage in living organisms by a variety of mechanisms. The highly reactive hydroxyl radical reacts with the heterocyclic DNA bases and the sugar moiety near or at diffusion-controlled rates. Hydrated electron and H atom also add to the heterocyclic bases. These reactions lead to adduct radicals, further reactions of which yield numerous products. These include DNA base and sugar products, single- and double-strand breaks, 8,5′-cyclopurine-2′-deoxynucleosides, tandem lesions, clustered sites and DNA-protein cross-links. Reaction conditions and the presence or absence of oxygen profoundly affect the types and yields of the products. There is mounting evidence for an important role of free radical-induced DNA damage in the etiology of numerous diseases including cancer. Further understanding of mechanisms of free radical-induced DNA damage, and cellular repair and biological consequences of DNA damage products will be of outmost importan...
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chemical determination of oxidative dna damage by gas chromatography mass spectrometry
Methods in Enzymology, 1994Co-Authors: Miral DizdarogluAbstract:Publisher Summary Oxidative DNA damage produced by free radicals or other DNA-damaging agents has been implicated to play a role in mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, reproductive cell death, and aging. Oxygen-derived species, such as superoxide radical (O 2 − ) and H 2 O 2 are generated in all aerobic cells. Excess generation of these species by endogenous Sources or Exogenous Sources (for example, redox-cyclic drugs and ionizing radiation) may cause damage to cellular DNA by a variety of mechanisms. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique has been applied to a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies of oxidative DNA damage. The technique offers the sensitivity, selectivity, speed, and versatility to solve a wide range of important measurement problems in terms of DNA base and sugar damage and DNA-protein cross-links. It also allows studying enzymatic repair of DNA damage. It appears that the GC/MS technique will continue to find a major role in studies of oxidative DNA damage and its repair in the future.
Laurie H Glimcher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in immunity and autoimmunity
Nature Reviews Immunology, 2008Co-Authors: Derrick J Todd, Laurie H GlimcherAbstract:The unfolded-protein response (UPR) protects cells from stress induced by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. As discussed here, an important role for the UPR has recently been described in the immune system, dysregulation of which could potentially contribute to autoimmunity. Many Exogenous Sources of stress can lead to cell death. In recent years, endogenous cellular Sources of stress have also been identified, including the stress that arises from the accumulation of unfolded proteins within a cell's endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To counterbalance this type of ER stress, higher eukaryotic cells possess a three-pronged signal-transduction pathway termed the unfolded-protein response (UPR). This Review focuses on the role of the UPR in the mammalian immune system and how manipulation of this complex signalling pathway may be of therapeutic benefit in human disease.
Derrick J Todd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in immunity and autoimmunity
Nature Reviews Immunology, 2008Co-Authors: Derrick J Todd, Laurie H GlimcherAbstract:The unfolded-protein response (UPR) protects cells from stress induced by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. As discussed here, an important role for the UPR has recently been described in the immune system, dysregulation of which could potentially contribute to autoimmunity. Many Exogenous Sources of stress can lead to cell death. In recent years, endogenous cellular Sources of stress have also been identified, including the stress that arises from the accumulation of unfolded proteins within a cell's endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To counterbalance this type of ER stress, higher eukaryotic cells possess a three-pronged signal-transduction pathway termed the unfolded-protein response (UPR). This Review focuses on the role of the UPR in the mammalian immune system and how manipulation of this complex signalling pathway may be of therapeutic benefit in human disease.
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the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in immunity and autoimmunity
Nature Reviews Immunology, 2008Co-Authors: Derrick J Todd, Annhwee Lee, Laurie H GlimcheAbstract:Many Exogenous Sources of stress can lead to cell death. In recent years, endogenous cellular Sources of stress have also been identified, including the stress that arises from the accumulation of unfolded proteins within a cell's endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To counterbalance this type of ER stress, higher eukaryotic cells possess a three-pronged signal-transduction pathway termed the unfolded-protein response (UPR). This Review focuses on the role of the UPR in the mammalian immune system and how manipulation of this complex signalling pathway may be of therapeutic benefit in human disease.
Arne Isaksen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Exogenous Sources of regional industrial change attraction and absorption of non local knowledge for new path development
Progress in Human Geography, 2018Co-Authors: Michaela Trippl, Markus Grillitsch, Arne IsaksenAbstract:The role of Exogenous Sources of new path development has been underplayed in the literature on regional industrial change so far. The aim of this article is to explore in a conceptual way under which conditions and in what ways non-local knowledge can lead to new path development in different regional innovation systems (RISs). We distinguish between organizationally thick and diversified RISs, thick and specialized RISs and thin RISs and argue that these types vary substantially in their needs for Exogenous Sources as well as in their capacities to attract and absorb knowledge generated elsewhere.
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Exogenously led and policy supported new path development in peripheral regions analytical and synthetic routes
Economic Geography, 2017Co-Authors: Arne Isaksen, Michaela TripplAbstract:The aim of this article is to explore how new industrial paths emerge and grow in peripheral regional economies. Current conceptualizations of regional path development are based on experiences from core regions and fail to provide satisfactory theoretical explanations of new path-creating activities in peripheral areas. Our conceptual approach combines the notions of path development and knowledge bases, enabling us to distinguish between an analytic and a synthetic route of path creation. We argue that due emphasis should be given to Exogenous Sources of new path development and policy actions in order to understand how analytical and synthetic routes unfold in peripheral regions. These factors are still underappreciated in prevailing models of path creation. The article contains an analysis of the emergence and evolution of new industries in two peripheral regions in Norway and Austria: the electronics and software industry in Arendal–Grimstad in southeastern Norway, and the software industry in Muhlviertel in Upper Austria. The two industries have developed differently: through the synthetic route based on the emergence and restructuring of manufacturing firms in Arendal–Grimstad and through the analytical route building on the establishment of research facilities in Muhlviertel. Our analysis suggests that the inflow of new analytical and synthetic knowledge from Exogenous Sources and various types of policy interventions have been vital in sparking the formation of new industrial paths in both regions. The findings clearly challenge uniform, narrowly conceptualized models of industrial evolution and support recent work that advocates a broader theoretical framework to capture Exogenously led and policy-supported path-creation processes.
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external energy for regional industrial change attraction and absorption of non local knowledge for new path development
Papers in Innovation Studies, 2015Co-Authors: Michaela Trippl, Markus Grillitsch, Arne IsaksenAbstract:The role of Exogenous Sources of new path development has been underplayed in the literature on regional industrial change so far. The aim of this paper is to explore in a conceptual way under which conditions and in what ways non-local knowledge can lead to new path development in different regional innovation systems (RIS). We distinguish between organizationally thick and diversified, thick and specialized and thin RIS and argue that these types vary markedly in their needs for Exogenous Sources as well as in their capacities to attract and absorb knowledge generated elsewhere. Organisationally thick and diversified RIS have a lower need for Exogenous Sources but they exhibit strong capacities to attract and absorb non-local knowledge. In contrast, organisationally thick and specialised RIS and organisationally thin RIS have a higher need for Exogenous Sources but show a lower capacity to attract and absorb knowledge from elsewhere. However, a closer look reveals that these RIS types can increase their attractiveness for non-local knowledge and may benefit from its inflow if they strengthen their absorption capacity. We conclude that new regional industrial path development is less endogenous in nature than commonly thought, and that the attraction and absorption of non-local knowledge should be more included in conceptualisations of new path development.
Laurie H Glimche - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in immunity and autoimmunity
Nature Reviews Immunology, 2008Co-Authors: Derrick J Todd, Annhwee Lee, Laurie H GlimcheAbstract:Many Exogenous Sources of stress can lead to cell death. In recent years, endogenous cellular Sources of stress have also been identified, including the stress that arises from the accumulation of unfolded proteins within a cell's endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To counterbalance this type of ER stress, higher eukaryotic cells possess a three-pronged signal-transduction pathway termed the unfolded-protein response (UPR). This Review focuses on the role of the UPR in the mammalian immune system and how manipulation of this complex signalling pathway may be of therapeutic benefit in human disease.