The Experts below are selected from a list of 154899 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tomoya Matsumoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Disseminating New Farming Practices among Small Scale Farmers: An Experimental Intervention in Uganda
Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 2014Co-Authors: Tomoya MatsumotoAbstract:Abstract We used a randomized control trial to measure how the free distribution of hybrid seeds and chemical fertilizers for maize production affected their adoption by small-scale farmers in the subsequent seasons. Information on their demand for the same inputs for two years after the initial trial revealed that the demand of the free-input recipients was significantly higher than that of non-recipients; that of the neighbors of the recipients fell in-between. The initial treatment assignment has a persistent influence on the farmers’ demand whereas the difference between the free-input recipients and their neighbors has been reduced over time. The reduction of their gap in the demand for fertilizers is partly driven by social learning through information networks. However, there was no clear evidence on learning effects from peers on the demand for the hybrid seeds.
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Disseminating New Farming Practices among Small Scale Farmers: An Experimental Intervention in Uganda
2013Co-Authors: Tomoya MatsumotoAbstract:We used a randomized control trial to measure how the free distribution of hybrid seeds and chemical fertilizers for maize production affected their adoption by small-scale farmers in the subsequent seasons. Information on their demand for the same inputs was collected through sales meetings which we organized in 2009 and 2011 where the inputs were actually sold. It revealed that the demand for the inputs of the free-input recipients was significantly higher in both 2009 and 2011 than that of non-recipients; that of the neighbors of the recipients fell in-between. The initial treatment assignment has a persistent influence on the farmers' demand over the two years whereas the difference between the free-input recipients and their neighbors has been reduced to some extent. The reduction of their gap in the application level of fertilizers is partly driven by social learning through information networks. However, there was no clear evidence of learning effects from peers on the demand for the hybrid seeds. One possible explanation of these mixed results is due to slow dissemination of the new inputs with low profitability. (JEL O13, O33, O55)
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Technology Adoption in Agriculture: Evidence from Experimental Intervention in Maize Production in Uganda
An African Green Revolution, 2012Co-Authors: Tomoya Matsumoto, Takashi Yamano, Dick SserunkuumaAbstract:To investigate the impact of a policy Intervention on technology adoption by small scale farmers, we conducted sequential field experiments on maize production in Uganda in 2009, in which we provided a free maize start-up package to sample farmers in randomly selected villages. Subsequently, we conducted a sales experiment in each of the treatment and control villages involving all the sample households and their randomly selected neighbors in the treatment villages. The findings of this study suggest that the distribution of modern agricultural inputs has a significantly positive effect on their adoption by farmers who have little experience in their use. We also find a large impact of the credit Intervention and significant spillover effects. In short, a small-scale Intervention could have a large impact on farmers’ demand for modern inputs and maize yield.
Sebastian Priebe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Attrition in trials evaluating complex Interventions for schizophrenia: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2017Co-Authors: P. Szymczynska, L. Greenberg, S Walsh, Sebastian PriebeAbstract:Essential criteria for the methodological quality and validity of randomized controlled trials are the drop-out rates from both the Experimental Intervention and the study as a whole. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed these drop-out rates in non-pharmacological schizophrenia trials. A systematic literature search was used to identify relevant trials with ≥100 sample size and to extract the drop-out data. The rates of drop-out from the Experimental Intervention and study were calculated with meta-analysis of proportions. Meta-regression was applied to explore the association between the study and sample characteristics and the drop-out rates. 43 RCTs were found, with drop-out from Intervention ranging from 0% to 63% and study drop-out ranging from 4% to 71%. Meta-analyses of proportions showed an overall drop-out rate of 14% (95% CI: 13–15%) at the Experimental Intervention level and 20% (95% CI: 17–24%) at the study level. Meta-regression showed that the active Intervention drop-out rates were predicted by the number of Intervention sessions. In non-pharmacological schizophrenia trials, drop-out rates of less than 20% can be achieved for both the study and the Experimental Intervention. A high heterogeneity of drop-out rates across studies shows that even lower rates are achievable.
Scott Y H Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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just in time consent the ethical case for an alternative to traditional informed consent in randomized trials comparing an Experimental Intervention with usual care
Clinical Trials, 2018Co-Authors: Andrew J Vickers, Danny A Youngafat, Behfar Ehdaie, Scott Y H KimAbstract:Informed consent for randomized trials often causes significant and persistent anxiety, distress and confusion to patients. Where an Experimental treatment is compared to a standard care control, much of this burden is potentially avoidable in the control group. We propose a "just-in-time" consent in which consent discussions take place in two stages: an initial consent to research from all participants and a later specific consent to randomized treatment only from those assigned to the Experimental Intervention. All patients are first approached and informed about research procedures, such as questionnaires or tests. They are also informed that they might be randomly selected to receive an Experimental treatment and that, if selected, they can learn more about the treatment and decide whether or not to accept it at that time. After randomization, control patients undergo standard clinical consent whereas patients randomized to the Experimental procedure undergo a second consent discussion. Analysis would be by intent-to-treat, which protects the trial from selection bias, although not from poor acceptance of Experimental treatment. The advantages of just-in-time consent stem from the fact that only patients randomized to the Experimental treatment are subject to a discussion of that Intervention. We hypothesize that this will reduce much of the patient's burden associated with the consent process, such as decisional anxiety, confusion and information overload. We recommend well-controlled studies to compare just-in-time and traditional consent, with endpoints to include characteristics of participants, distress and anxiety and participants' understanding of research procedures.
Mary Dozier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of a Foster Parent Training Program on Young Children’s Attachment Behaviors: Preliminary Evidence from a Randomized Clinical Trial
Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Mary Dozier, Oliver Lindhiem, Erin Lewis, Johanna Bick, Kristin Bernard, Elizabeth PelosoAbstract:Young children who enter foster care experience disruptions in care and maltreatment at a point when maintaining attachment relationships is a key, biologically based task. In previous research, we have found that young children experience challenges as they form attachments with new caregivers. They tend to push their new caregivers away, even though such children are especially in need of nurturing care. Further, many caregivers do not respond in nurturing ways when their children are distressed, which we have found is problematic for young children in foster care. We developed an Intervention that is designed to help caregivers provide nurturance even when children do not elicit it, and even when it does not come naturally to them. This paper presents preliminary findings of the effectiveness of this Intervention on children’s attachment behaviors. Forty-six children were randomly assigned to either the Experimental Intervention or to an educational Intervention. For three consecutive days, attachment behaviors were reported across three distress-eliciting situations. Children whose parents had received the Experimental Intervention showed significantly less avoidance than children whose parents had received the educational Intervention. These preliminary results suggest that the Intervention is successful in helping children develop trusting relationships with new caregivers.
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effects of a foster parent training program on young children s attachment behaviors preliminary evidence from a randomized clinical trial
Tradition, 2009Co-Authors: Mary Dozier, Oliver Lindhiem, Erin Lewis, Johanna Bick, Kristin Bernard, Elizabeth PelosoAbstract:Young children who enter foster care experience disruptions in care and maltreatment at a point when maintaining attachment relationships is a key, biologically based task. In previous research, we have found that young children experience challenges as they form attachments with new caregivers. They tend to push their new caregivers away, even though such children are especially in need of nurturing care. Further, many caregivers do not respond in nurturing ways when their children are distressed, which we have found is problematic for young children in foster care. We developed an Intervention that is designed to help caregivers provide nurturance even when children do not elicit it, and even when it does not come naturally to them. This paper presents preliminary findings of the effectiveness of this Intervention on children’s attachment behaviors. Forty-six children were randomly assigned to either the Experimental Intervention or to an educational Intervention. For three consecutive days, attachment behaviors were reported across three distress-eliciting situations. Children whose parents had received the Experimental Intervention showed significantly less avoidance than children whose parents had received the educational Intervention. These preliminary results suggest that the Intervention is successful in helping children develop trusting relationships with new caregivers.
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Developing Evidence‐Based Interventions for Foster Children: An Example of a Randomized Clinical Trial with Infants and Toddlers
Journal of Social Issues, 2006Co-Authors: Mary Dozier, Elizabeth Peloso, Oliver Lindhiem, M. Kathleen Gordon, Melissa Manni, Sandra Sepulveda, John P. Ackerman, Annie Bernier, Seymour LevineAbstract:Children who enter foster care have usually experienced maltreatment as well as disruptions in relationships with primary caregivers. These children are at risk for a host of problematic outcomes. However, there are few evidence-based Interventions that target foster children. This article presents preliminary data testing the effectiveness of an Intervention, Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up, to target relationship formation in young children in the foster care system. Children were randomly assigned to the Experimental Intervention that was designed to enhance regulatory capabilities or to a control Intervention. In both conditions, the foster parents received in-home training for 10 weekly sessions. Post-Intervention measures were collected 1 month following the completion of the training. Outcome measures included children's diurnal production of cortisol (a stress hormone), and parent report of children's problem behaviors. Children in the Experimental Intervention group had lower cortisol values than children in the control Intervention. Also, the Experimental Intervention parents reported fewer behavior problems for older versus younger foster children. Results provide preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of an Intervention that targets children's regulatory capabilities and serve as an example of how Interventions can effectively target foster children in the child welfare system.
Elizabeth Peloso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of a Foster Parent Training Program on Young Children’s Attachment Behaviors: Preliminary Evidence from a Randomized Clinical Trial
Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Mary Dozier, Oliver Lindhiem, Erin Lewis, Johanna Bick, Kristin Bernard, Elizabeth PelosoAbstract:Young children who enter foster care experience disruptions in care and maltreatment at a point when maintaining attachment relationships is a key, biologically based task. In previous research, we have found that young children experience challenges as they form attachments with new caregivers. They tend to push their new caregivers away, even though such children are especially in need of nurturing care. Further, many caregivers do not respond in nurturing ways when their children are distressed, which we have found is problematic for young children in foster care. We developed an Intervention that is designed to help caregivers provide nurturance even when children do not elicit it, and even when it does not come naturally to them. This paper presents preliminary findings of the effectiveness of this Intervention on children’s attachment behaviors. Forty-six children were randomly assigned to either the Experimental Intervention or to an educational Intervention. For three consecutive days, attachment behaviors were reported across three distress-eliciting situations. Children whose parents had received the Experimental Intervention showed significantly less avoidance than children whose parents had received the educational Intervention. These preliminary results suggest that the Intervention is successful in helping children develop trusting relationships with new caregivers.
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effects of a foster parent training program on young children s attachment behaviors preliminary evidence from a randomized clinical trial
Tradition, 2009Co-Authors: Mary Dozier, Oliver Lindhiem, Erin Lewis, Johanna Bick, Kristin Bernard, Elizabeth PelosoAbstract:Young children who enter foster care experience disruptions in care and maltreatment at a point when maintaining attachment relationships is a key, biologically based task. In previous research, we have found that young children experience challenges as they form attachments with new caregivers. They tend to push their new caregivers away, even though such children are especially in need of nurturing care. Further, many caregivers do not respond in nurturing ways when their children are distressed, which we have found is problematic for young children in foster care. We developed an Intervention that is designed to help caregivers provide nurturance even when children do not elicit it, and even when it does not come naturally to them. This paper presents preliminary findings of the effectiveness of this Intervention on children’s attachment behaviors. Forty-six children were randomly assigned to either the Experimental Intervention or to an educational Intervention. For three consecutive days, attachment behaviors were reported across three distress-eliciting situations. Children whose parents had received the Experimental Intervention showed significantly less avoidance than children whose parents had received the educational Intervention. These preliminary results suggest that the Intervention is successful in helping children develop trusting relationships with new caregivers.
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Developing Evidence‐Based Interventions for Foster Children: An Example of a Randomized Clinical Trial with Infants and Toddlers
Journal of Social Issues, 2006Co-Authors: Mary Dozier, Elizabeth Peloso, Oliver Lindhiem, M. Kathleen Gordon, Melissa Manni, Sandra Sepulveda, John P. Ackerman, Annie Bernier, Seymour LevineAbstract:Children who enter foster care have usually experienced maltreatment as well as disruptions in relationships with primary caregivers. These children are at risk for a host of problematic outcomes. However, there are few evidence-based Interventions that target foster children. This article presents preliminary data testing the effectiveness of an Intervention, Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up, to target relationship formation in young children in the foster care system. Children were randomly assigned to the Experimental Intervention that was designed to enhance regulatory capabilities or to a control Intervention. In both conditions, the foster parents received in-home training for 10 weekly sessions. Post-Intervention measures were collected 1 month following the completion of the training. Outcome measures included children's diurnal production of cortisol (a stress hormone), and parent report of children's problem behaviors. Children in the Experimental Intervention group had lower cortisol values than children in the control Intervention. Also, the Experimental Intervention parents reported fewer behavior problems for older versus younger foster children. Results provide preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of an Intervention that targets children's regulatory capabilities and serve as an example of how Interventions can effectively target foster children in the child welfare system.
