The Experts below are selected from a list of 201 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Maartje E J Raijmakers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Parent explanation and preschoolers’ Exploratory Behavior and learning in a shadow exhibition
Science Education, 2015Co-Authors: Tessa J P Van Schijndel, Maartje E J RaijmakersAbstract:The present study fills a gap in existing visitor research by focusing on the preschool age group. The study explores relationships between parent explanation, children's Exploratory Behavior, and their domain-specific learning in a shadow exhibition. In addition, the effect of a preceding theater show on child and parent Behaviors is examined. In the study, parent-child pairs were observed while playing in a science center exhibition illustrating physical principles of shadows. Parent explanation was scored on a number of domain-general categories, such as causal explanations, evidence descriptions, and content-related directions. Preschoolers’ Exploratory Behavior and learning were quantified by using nonverbal measures. The Exploratory Behavior Scale was used to assess children's exploration of the physical environment. Children's learning was assessed in the knowledge domain of shadow size. Results showed a positive relationship between one type of parent explanation, evidence descriptions, and preschoolers’ Exploratory Behavior. No positive relationships between children's exploration and their domain-specific learning or between parent explanation and children's domain-specific learning were found. Last, theater attendance was found to affect children's learning on shadow size.
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the Exploratory Behavior scale assessing young visitors hands on Behavior in science museums
Science Education, 2010Co-Authors: Tessa J P Van Schijndel, R Franse, Maartje E J RaijmakersAbstract:In this paper, we introduce the Exploratory Behavior Scale (EBS), a quantitative measure of young children's interactivity. More specifically, the EBS is developed from the psychological literature on exploration and play and measures the extent to which preschoolers explore their physical environment. A practical application of the EBS in a science museum is given. The described study was directed at optimizing parent guidance to improve preschoolers' exploration of exhibits in science center NEMO. In Experiment 1, we investigated which adult coaching style resulted in the highest level of Exploratory Behavior at two exhibits. In Experiment 2, we investigated whether informing parents about an effective way of coaching influenced preschoolers' Exploratory Behavior at two exhibits. The results of the study demonstrate the added value of the EBS in visitor Behavior research: compared to existing global measures of visitor interactivity; the EBS adds information about the quality of the hands-on Behavior. Compared to existing detailed measures of visitor interactivity, the EBS has the advantage of being applicable in different museum settings and enabling comparisons between exhibits or exhibitions. In addition, the EBS allows for quantification of unanticipated Behavior. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed94:794–809, 2010
James G. Burns - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Environmental and genetic effects on Exploratory Behavior of high- and low-predation guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2016Co-Authors: James G. Burns, Anna C. Price, James D. Thomson, Kimberly A. Hughes, F. Helen RoddAbstract:Exploratory Behavior—an individual’s response to novel environments, resources, or objects—should vary with the associated benefits, including new sources of food and reduced levels of competition, and the costs, such as predation pressure. Using guppies from multiple streams and rivers in Trinidad, we compared guppies from high- and low-predation populations. We found that wild-caught male and female guppies from low-predation populations were more Exploratory than high-predation fish when tested in the field and in controlled laboratory conditions. We did not detect significant evidence for a genetic basis for differences in the Behavior of high- and low-predation fish using a common-garden approach, but further study is required before conclusions can be made about the relative contribution of genes to population differences in Exploratory Behavior of guppies. Theory has assumed that predation risk is a cost that will select against high levels of Exploratory Behavior; this study is one of the few that has tested this assumption, and we show that Exploratory Behavior is indeed suppressed in guppies from high-predation localities. Significance statement Exploratory Behavior is a component of an individual’s responses to novel environments, resources, and objects (including potential predators) and thus can affect important decisions of animals in the wild (e.g., whether to sample new, potential sources of food, whether to disperse). We compared Exploratory Behavior of wild-caught guppies from sites with large, dangerous predators with those from sites with small predators that are only a threat to small individuals. Guppies co-occurring with large predators were less Exploratory than those from sites with small predators. Factors contributing to this difference could include exposure to predators directly and to conspecifics’ responses to predators. Studies on general Behavioral traits (e.g., temperament) combined with knowledge of animals’ environment and evolution are expanding our ability to test ideas about the origin and maintenance of intra-specific variation in fascinating and complex traits.
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environmental and genetic effects on Exploratory Behavior of high and low predation guppies poecilia reticulata
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2016Co-Authors: James G. Burns, Anna C. Price, James D. Thomson, Kimberly A. Hughes, Helen F RoddAbstract:Exploratory Behavior—an individual’s response to novel environments, resources, or objects—should vary with the associated benefits, including new sources of food and reduced levels of competition, and the costs, such as predation pressure. Using guppies from multiple streams and rivers in Trinidad, we compared guppies from high- and low-predation populations. We found that wild-caught male and female guppies from low-predation populations were more Exploratory than high-predation fish when tested in the field and in controlled laboratory conditions. We did not detect significant evidence for a genetic basis for differences in the Behavior of high- and low-predation fish using a common-garden approach, but further study is required before conclusions can be made about the relative contribution of genes to population differences in Exploratory Behavior of guppies. Theory has assumed that predation risk is a cost that will select against high levels of Exploratory Behavior; this study is one of the few that has tested this assumption, and we show that Exploratory Behavior is indeed suppressed in guppies from high-predation localities. Exploratory Behavior is a component of an individual’s responses to novel environments, resources, and objects (including potential predators) and thus can affect important decisions of animals in the wild (e.g., whether to sample new, potential sources of food, whether to disperse). We compared Exploratory Behavior of wild-caught guppies from sites with large, dangerous predators with those from sites with small predators that are only a threat to small individuals. Guppies co-occurring with large predators were less Exploratory than those from sites with small predators. Factors contributing to this difference could include exposure to predators directly and to conspecifics’ responses to predators. Studies on general Behavioral traits (e.g., temperament) combined with knowledge of animals’ environment and evolution are expanding our ability to test ideas about the origin and maintenance of intra-specific variation in fascinating and complex traits.
Masakazu Nishimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the mesencephalic trigeminal sensory nucleus is involved in acquisition of active Exploratory Behavior induced by changing from a diet of exclusively milk formula to food pellets in mice
Brain Research, 2006Co-Authors: Toshiaki Ishii, Hidefumi Furuoka, Nobuo Kitamura, Yoshikage Muroi, Masakazu NishimuraAbstract:Post-weaning mice fed exclusively milk display low-frequency Exploratory Behavior [Ishii, T., Itou, T., and Nishimura, M. (2005) Life Sci. 78, 174-179] compared to mice fed a food pellet diet. This low-frequency Exploratory Behavior switched to high-frequency exploration after a switch from exclusively milk formula to a food pellet diet. Acquisition of the high-frequency Exploratory Behavior was irreversible. Recently, we demonstrated that the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Me5) is involved in the control of feeding and Exploratory Behavior in mice without modulating the emotional state [Ishii, T., Furuoka, H., Itou, T., Kitamura, N., and Nishimura, M. (2005) Brain Res. 1048, 80-86]. We therefore investigated whether the Me5 is involved in acquisition of high-frequency Exploratory Behavior induced by the switch in diet from an exclusively milk formula to food pellets. Mouse feeding and Exploratory Behaviors were analyzed using a food search compulsion apparatus, which was designed to distinguish between the two Behaviors under standard living conditions. Immunohistochemical analysis of immediate early genes indicated that the Me5, which receives signals from oral proprioceptors, is transiently activated after the diet change. The change from low-frequency to high-frequency Exploratory Behavior was prevented in milk-fed mice by bilateral lesion of the Me5. These results suggest that the Me5 is activated by signals associated with mastication-induced proprioception and contributes to the acquisition of active Exploratory Behavior.
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the mesencephalic trigeminal sensory nucleus is involved in the control of feeding and Exploratory Behavior in mice
Brain Research, 2005Co-Authors: Toshiaki Ishii, Hidefumi Furuoka, Takuya Itou, Nobuo Kitamura, Masakazu NishimuraAbstract:The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Me5), which receives input from oral proprioceptors and projects to higher brain regions, is involved in mastication-induced modulation of satiation. To investigate how the Me5 is involved in the control of feeding and Exploratory Behavior, we examined the effect of bilateral electrolytic lesions of the Me5 on feeding and Exploratory Behavior in mice. Mouse feeding and Exploratory Behaviors were analyzed using a food-search-compulsion-apparatus (FSCA), which was designed to distinguish between the two Behaviors under standard living conditions. To assess anxiety in mice in an unfamiliar environment, Exploratory activity was analyzed in an automated hole-board apparatus. Mice with bilateral Me5 lesions had unique feeding and Exploratory Behavior profiles in the FSCA compared with sham-operated mice. Me5-lesioned mice spent more time in the food chamber during each trial in the FSCA, but the number of entries into the food chamber was decreased by 40% compared to sham-operated mice. Moreover, Me5 lesions markedly inhibited Exploratory Behavior, manifested as low-frequency exploration. In spite of the low-frequency exploration in the FSCA, Me5 lesions had no effect on various Exploratory activities analyzed in the hole-board apparatus, i.e., total locomotor activity, frequency and duration of rearing and head-dipping, and latency to the first head-dipping. These results suggest that the Me5 is involved in the control of feeding and Exploratory Behavior through its ascending neuronal pathways in mice without modulating the emotional state.
Helen F Rodd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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environmental and genetic effects on Exploratory Behavior of high and low predation guppies poecilia reticulata
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2016Co-Authors: James G. Burns, Anna C. Price, James D. Thomson, Kimberly A. Hughes, Helen F RoddAbstract:Exploratory Behavior—an individual’s response to novel environments, resources, or objects—should vary with the associated benefits, including new sources of food and reduced levels of competition, and the costs, such as predation pressure. Using guppies from multiple streams and rivers in Trinidad, we compared guppies from high- and low-predation populations. We found that wild-caught male and female guppies from low-predation populations were more Exploratory than high-predation fish when tested in the field and in controlled laboratory conditions. We did not detect significant evidence for a genetic basis for differences in the Behavior of high- and low-predation fish using a common-garden approach, but further study is required before conclusions can be made about the relative contribution of genes to population differences in Exploratory Behavior of guppies. Theory has assumed that predation risk is a cost that will select against high levels of Exploratory Behavior; this study is one of the few that has tested this assumption, and we show that Exploratory Behavior is indeed suppressed in guppies from high-predation localities. Exploratory Behavior is a component of an individual’s responses to novel environments, resources, and objects (including potential predators) and thus can affect important decisions of animals in the wild (e.g., whether to sample new, potential sources of food, whether to disperse). We compared Exploratory Behavior of wild-caught guppies from sites with large, dangerous predators with those from sites with small predators that are only a threat to small individuals. Guppies co-occurring with large predators were less Exploratory than those from sites with small predators. Factors contributing to this difference could include exposure to predators directly and to conspecifics’ responses to predators. Studies on general Behavioral traits (e.g., temperament) combined with knowledge of animals’ environment and evolution are expanding our ability to test ideas about the origin and maintenance of intra-specific variation in fascinating and complex traits.
F. Helen Rodd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Environmental and genetic effects on Exploratory Behavior of high- and low-predation guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2016Co-Authors: James G. Burns, Anna C. Price, James D. Thomson, Kimberly A. Hughes, F. Helen RoddAbstract:Exploratory Behavior—an individual’s response to novel environments, resources, or objects—should vary with the associated benefits, including new sources of food and reduced levels of competition, and the costs, such as predation pressure. Using guppies from multiple streams and rivers in Trinidad, we compared guppies from high- and low-predation populations. We found that wild-caught male and female guppies from low-predation populations were more Exploratory than high-predation fish when tested in the field and in controlled laboratory conditions. We did not detect significant evidence for a genetic basis for differences in the Behavior of high- and low-predation fish using a common-garden approach, but further study is required before conclusions can be made about the relative contribution of genes to population differences in Exploratory Behavior of guppies. Theory has assumed that predation risk is a cost that will select against high levels of Exploratory Behavior; this study is one of the few that has tested this assumption, and we show that Exploratory Behavior is indeed suppressed in guppies from high-predation localities. Significance statement Exploratory Behavior is a component of an individual’s responses to novel environments, resources, and objects (including potential predators) and thus can affect important decisions of animals in the wild (e.g., whether to sample new, potential sources of food, whether to disperse). We compared Exploratory Behavior of wild-caught guppies from sites with large, dangerous predators with those from sites with small predators that are only a threat to small individuals. Guppies co-occurring with large predators were less Exploratory than those from sites with small predators. Factors contributing to this difference could include exposure to predators directly and to conspecifics’ responses to predators. Studies on general Behavioral traits (e.g., temperament) combined with knowledge of animals’ environment and evolution are expanding our ability to test ideas about the origin and maintenance of intra-specific variation in fascinating and complex traits.
