The Experts below are selected from a list of 488070 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Wei Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ionization potential dependent air Exposure Effect on the moo3 organic interface energy level alignment
Organic Electronics, 2012Co-Authors: Jian Qiang Zhong, Rui Wang, Yong Biao Zhao, Jia Lin Zhang, Dong Ge, Wei ChenAbstract:We reported an ionization potential (IP) dependent air Exposure Effect on the MoO3/organic interface energy level alignment by carrying out in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron light based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations. The electronic structures at MoO3/organic interfaces comprising various pi-conjugated small organic molecules with different IP on MoO3 substrate have been systematically investigated. For the molecules with low IP, MoO3/organic interface electronic structures remained almost unchanged after air Exposure. In contrast, for the molecules with high IP, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) leading edge (or hole injection barrier) increases gradually with the increasing molecule IP after air Exposure. For the MoO3/copper-hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc, IP: similar to 6.58 eV) interface, air Exposure can induce a significant downward shift of the HOMO level as large as similar to 0.80 eV. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Ionization potential dependent air Exposure Effect on the MoO3/organic interface energy level alignment
Organic Electronics, 2012Co-Authors: Jian Qiang Zhong, Rui Wang, Yong Biao Zhao, Jia Lin Zhang, Hong Ying Mao, Jiadan Lin, Wei ChenAbstract:We reported an ionization potential (IP) dependent air Exposure Effect on the MoO3/organic interface energy level alignment by carrying out in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron light based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations. The electronic structures at MoO3/organic interfaces comprising various pi-conjugated small organic molecules with different IP on MoO3 substrate have been systematically investigated. For the molecules with low IP, MoO3/organic interface electronic structures remained almost unchanged after air Exposure. In contrast, for the molecules with high IP, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) leading edge (or hole injection barrier) increases gradually with the increasing molecule IP after air Exposure. For the MoO3/copper-hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc, IP: similar to 6.58 eV) interface, air Exposure can induce a significant downward shift of the HOMO level as large as similar to 0.80 eV. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Nadine Pachoud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tiptoe or Tackle? The Role of Product Placement Prominence and Program Involvement for the Mere Exposure Effect
Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 2012Co-Authors: Jörg Matthes, Werner Wirth, Christian Schemer, Nadine PachoudAbstract:Based on the mere Exposure Effect (Zajonc 1968), the mere unreinforced presentation of product placements can increase brand liking. In an experiment, we manipulated visual placement prominence and placement frequency for an externally and internally valid stimulus. As results indicate, a mere Exposure Effect can only be observed for frequently presented subtle placements that are embedded in a program that is watched with moderate or high involvement. No such Effects could be observed for prominent placements. The results are discussed in their importance for placement Effects research and marketing practice.
Anthony L. Riley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pre-Exposure to cocaine or morphine attenuates taste avoidance conditioning in adolescent rats: Drug specificity in the US pre-Exposure Effect.
Developmental psychobiology, 2017Co-Authors: Matthew M. Clasen, Briana J. Hempel, Anthony L. RileyAbstract:Although the attenuating Effects of drug history on conditioned taste avoidance (CTA) learning have been widely investigated in adults, such Effects in adolescents have not been well characterized. Recent research has suggested that the display of the drug pre-Exposure Effect during adolescence may be drug dependent given that pre-Exposure to ethanol attenuates subsequent conditioning, whereas pre-Exposure to the classic emetic lithium chloride (LiCl) fails to do so. The present study began investigating the possible drug-dependent nature of the Effects of drug pre-Exposure by pre-exposing and conditioning adolescent male Sprague-Dawley rats to drugs from two additional classes, specifically psychostimulants (cocaine; Experiment 1) and opioids (morphine; Experiment 2). Consistent with prior work with ethanol (but not LiCl), prior Exposure to both cocaine and morphine attenuated taste avoidance induced by these compounds. Although this work supports the view of drug-dependent pre-Exposure Effects on taste avoidance learning during adolescence, research is needed to assess its mechanisms.
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Adolescent rats fail to demonstrate a LiCl-induced pre-Exposure Effect: Implications for the balance of drug reward and aversion in adolescence
Learning & Behavior, 2016Co-Authors: Matthew M. Clasen, Bradley B. Wetzell, Anthony L. RileyAbstract:Adolescents display weaker taste avoidance induced by both abused and non-abused drugs than adults. Drug history attenuates avoidance learning in adults (the drug pre-Exposure Effect), but little is known about this phenomenon in adolescents. Given that the weaker taste avoidance in adolescence is thought to be a function of their relative insensitivity to the drug’s aversive Effects, it might be expected that the drug pre-Exposure Effect would be weaker in adolescents given that for some drugs this Effect is mediated by associative blocking that depends on the association of environmental cues with the drug’s aversive Effects. To address this, in the present studies male adolescent (Experiment 1 ) and adult (Experiment 2 ) rats were given five spaced injections of LiCl prior to subsequent taste avoidance conditioning with LiCl. Consistent with past reports, adolescents displayed weaker taste avoidance than adults. While adults displayed attenuated LiCl-induced taste avoidance following LiCl pre-Exposure, adolescents showed no evidence of this pre-Exposure. This work is consistent with the view that adolescents are relatively insensitive to the aversive Effects of drugs, an insensitivity potentially important in subsequent intake of drugs of abuse given that such intake is a function of the balance of their rewarding and aversive Effects.
Ben R. Newell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Exposure is not enough: suppressing stimuli from awareness can abolish the mere Exposure Effect.
PloS one, 2013Co-Authors: Daniel De Zilva, Ben R. Newell, Joel PearsonAbstract:Passive Exposure to neutral stimuli increases subsequent liking of those stimuli – the mere Exposure Effect. Because of the broad implications for understanding and controlling human preferences, the role of conscious awareness in mere Exposure has received much attention. Previous studies have claimed that the mere Exposure Effect can occur without conscious awareness of the stimuli. In two experiments, we applied a technique new to the mere Exposure literature, called continuous flash suppression, to expose stimuli for a controlled duration with and without awareness. To ensure the reliability of the awareness manipulation, awareness was monitored on a trial-by-trial basis. Our results show that under these conditions the mere Exposure Effect does not occur without conscious awareness. In contrast, only when participants were aware of the stimuli did Exposure increase liking and recognition. Together these data are consistent with the idea that the mere Exposure Effect requires conscious awareness and has important implications for theories of memory and affect.
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Eliminating the mere Exposure Effect through changes in context between Exposure and test.
Cognition & emotion, 2013Co-Authors: Daniel De Zilva, Chris J. Mitchell, Ben R. NewellAbstract:The present study examined the extent to which increased liking of exposed stimuli*the mere Exposure Effect*is dependent on experiencing the stimuli in the same context in Exposure and on test. Participants were repeatedly exposed to pairs of cues (nonsense words) and target stimuli (faces and shapes), and were asked to rate the pleasantness of the target stimuli in a subsequent test phase. Familiar targets were preferred to novel targets*a mere Exposure Effect was obtained. This
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Recognising what you like: Examining the relation between the mere-Exposure Effect and recognition
European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 2007Co-Authors: Ben R. Newell, David R. ShanksAbstract:The perceptual fluency/attributional model of the mere-Exposure Effect proposed by R. F. Bornstein and P. D'Agostino (1992) predicts that when recognition of a previously presented stimulus is above chance, feelings of fluency associated with that stimulus are discounted and thus the amount of fluency (mis)attributed to liking is reduced. This correction process results in smaller mere-Exposure Effects for supraliminal stimuli than for “subliminal” stimuli because when recognition is below chance participants are unaware of the source of fluency and they do not engage in correction. We tested this prediction in three experiments by presenting photographs of faces (Experiments 1 and 2) and polygons (Experiment 3) at varying Exposure frequencies for 40 ms and 400 ms durations. Contrary to the prediction of the model, a significant mere-Exposure Effect was only found when recognition performance was at its highest level. Furthermore, across the three experiments liking and recognition were positively correlated.
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The subliminal mere Exposure Effect does not generalize to structurally related stimuli.
Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie experimentale, 2003Co-Authors: Ben R. Newell, Jim E. H. BrightAbstract:R.F. Bornstein (1994) questioned whether subliminal mere Exposure Effects might generalize to structurally related stimuli, thereby providing evidence for the existence of implicit learning. Two experiments examined this claim using letter string stimuli constructed according to the rules of an artificial grammar. Experiment 1 demonstrated that brief, masked Exposure to grammatical strings impaired recognition but failed to produce a mere Exposure Effect on novel structurally related strings seen at test. Experiment 2 replicated this result but also demonstrated that a reliable mere Exposure Effect could be obtained, provided the same grammatical strings were presented at test. The results suggest that the structural relationship between training and test items prevents the mere Exposure Effect when participants are unaware of the Exposure status of stimuli, and therefore provide no evidence for the existence of implicit learning.
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The relationship between the structural mere Exposure Effect and the implicit learning process.
The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A Human experimental psychology, 2001Co-Authors: Ben R. Newell, Jim E. H. BrightAbstract:Three experiments are reported that investigate the relationship between the structural mere Exposure Effect (SMEE) and implicit learning in an artificial grammar task. Subjects were presented with...
Jian Qiang Zhong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ionization potential dependent air Exposure Effect on the moo3 organic interface energy level alignment
Organic Electronics, 2012Co-Authors: Jian Qiang Zhong, Rui Wang, Yong Biao Zhao, Jia Lin Zhang, Dong Ge, Wei ChenAbstract:We reported an ionization potential (IP) dependent air Exposure Effect on the MoO3/organic interface energy level alignment by carrying out in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron light based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations. The electronic structures at MoO3/organic interfaces comprising various pi-conjugated small organic molecules with different IP on MoO3 substrate have been systematically investigated. For the molecules with low IP, MoO3/organic interface electronic structures remained almost unchanged after air Exposure. In contrast, for the molecules with high IP, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) leading edge (or hole injection barrier) increases gradually with the increasing molecule IP after air Exposure. For the MoO3/copper-hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc, IP: similar to 6.58 eV) interface, air Exposure can induce a significant downward shift of the HOMO level as large as similar to 0.80 eV. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Ionization potential dependent air Exposure Effect on the MoO3/organic interface energy level alignment
Organic Electronics, 2012Co-Authors: Jian Qiang Zhong, Rui Wang, Yong Biao Zhao, Jia Lin Zhang, Hong Ying Mao, Jiadan Lin, Wei ChenAbstract:We reported an ionization potential (IP) dependent air Exposure Effect on the MoO3/organic interface energy level alignment by carrying out in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron light based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations. The electronic structures at MoO3/organic interfaces comprising various pi-conjugated small organic molecules with different IP on MoO3 substrate have been systematically investigated. For the molecules with low IP, MoO3/organic interface electronic structures remained almost unchanged after air Exposure. In contrast, for the molecules with high IP, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) leading edge (or hole injection barrier) increases gradually with the increasing molecule IP after air Exposure. For the MoO3/copper-hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc, IP: similar to 6.58 eV) interface, air Exposure can induce a significant downward shift of the HOMO level as large as similar to 0.80 eV. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
