The Experts below are selected from a list of 28143 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Rowell L Huesmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of mediated Exposure to ethnic political Violence on middle east youth s subsequent post traumatic stress symptoms and aggressive behavior
Communication Research, 2014Co-Authors: Shira Dvir Gvirsman, Simha F Landau, Eric F Dubow, Rowell L Huesmann, Khalil Shikaki, Paul BoxerAbstract:This study introduces the concept of chronic (i.e., repeated and cumulative) mediated Exposure to political Violence and investigates its effects on aggressive behavior and post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in young viewers. Embracing the risk-matrix approach, these effects are studied alongside other childhood risk factors that influence maladjustment. A longitudinal study was conducted on a sample of youth who experience the Israeli-Palestinian conflict firsthand (N = 1,207). As hypothesized, higher levels of chronic mediated Exposure were longitudinally related to higher levels of PTS symptoms and aggression at peers independently of Exposure to Violence in other contexts. In the case of aggressive behavior, structural equation analysis (SEM) analyses suggest that, while it is likely there are causal effects in both directions, the bigger effect is probably for Exposure to Violence stimulating aggression than for aggression stimulating Exposure to Violence. Both the longitudinal effects on aggression and PTS symptoms were especially strong among youth who demonstrated initially higher levels of the same type of maladjustment. These results support the conceptualization of the relation between media Violence and behaviors as "reciprocally determined" or "downward spirals" and highlight the contribution of the risk-matrix approach to the analysis of childhood maladjustment.
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the effects of mediated Exposure to ethnic political Violence on middle east youth s subsequent post traumatic stress symptoms and aggressive behavior
Communication Research, 2014Co-Authors: Shira Dvir Gvirsman, Simha F Landau, Eric F Dubow, Paul Boxer, Rowell L Huesmann, Khalil ShikakiAbstract:This study introduces the concept of chronic (i.e., repeated and cumulative) mediated Exposure to political Violence and investigates its effects on aggressive behavior and post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in young viewers. Embracing the risk-matrix approach, these effects are studied alongside other childhood risk factors that influence maladjustment. A longitudinal study was conducted on a sample of youth who experience the Israeli-Palestinian conflict firsthand (N = 1,207). As hypothesized, higher levels of chronic mediated Exposure were longitudinally related to higher levels of PTS symptoms and aggression at peers independently of Exposure to Violence in other contexts. In the case of aggressive behavior, structural equation analysis (SEM) analyses suggest that, while it is likely there are causal effects in both directions, the bigger effect is probably for Exposure to Violence stimulating aggression than for aggression stimulating Exposure to Violence. Both the longitudinal effects on aggressio...
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cumulative effects of Exposure to Violence on posttraumatic stress in palestinian and israeli youth
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Eric F Dubow, Simha F Landau, Paul Boxer, Rowell L Huesmann, Shira Dvir, Khalil Shikaki, Jeremy GingesAbstract:We examine cumulative and prospective effects of Exposure to conflict and Violence across four contexts (ethnic-political, community, family, school) on posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in Palestinian and Israeli youth. Interviews were conducted with 600 Palestinian and 901 Israeli (Jewish and Arab) children (ages 8, 11, and 14) and their parents once a year for 3 consecutive years. Palestinian children, males, and older youth were generally at greatest risk for Exposure to conflict/Violence across contexts. Regression analysis found unique effects of Exposure to ethnic-political (Palestinian sample), school (Palestinian and Israeli Jewish samples), and family conflict/Violence (Israeli Arab sample) during the first 2 years on PTS symptoms in Year 3, controlling for prior PTS symptoms. Cumulative Exposure to Violence in more contexts during the first 2 years predicted higher subsequent PTS symptoms than did Exposure to Violence in fewer contexts, and this was true regardless of the youth's level of prior PTS symptoms. These results highlight the risk that ongoing Exposure to Violence across multiple contexts in the social ecology poses for the mental health of children in contexts of ethnic-political Violence. Researchers and mental health professionals working with war-exposed youth in a given cultural context must assess both war- and non-war-related stressors affecting youth. Based on this assessment, interventions may not be limited to individual-based, war-trauma-focused approaches but also may include school-based, community-based, and family-level interventions.
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cumulative effects of Exposure to Violence on posttraumatic stress in palestinian and israeli youth
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Eric F Dubow, Simha F Landau, Paul Boxer, Rowell L Huesmann, Shira Dvir, Khalil Shikaki, Jeremy GingesAbstract:We examine cumulative and prospective effects of Exposure to conflict and Violence across four contexts (ethnic-political, community, family, school) on posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in Palestinian and Israeli youth. Interviews were conducted with 600 Palestinian and 901 Israeli (Jewish and Arab) children (ages 8, 11, and 14) and their parents once a year for 3 consecutive years. Palestinian children, males, and older youth were generally at greatest risk for Exposure to conflict/Violence across contexts. Regression analysis found unique effects of Exposure to ethnic-political (Palestinian sample), school (Palestinian and Israeli Jewish samples), and family conflict/Violence (Israeli Arab sample) during the first 2 years on PTS symptoms in Year 3, controlling for prior PTS symptoms. Cumulative Exposure to Violence in more contexts during the first 2 years predicted higher subsequent PTS symptoms than did Exposure to Violence in fewer contexts, and this was true regardless of the youth's level of pri...
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the impact of electronic media Violence scientific theory and research
Journal of Adolescent Health, 2007Co-Authors: Rowell L HuesmannAbstract:Since the early 1960s, research evidence has been accumulating that suggests that Exposure to Violence in television, movies, video games, cell phones, and on the Internet increases the risk of violent behavior on the viewer's part, just as growing up in an environment filled with real Violence increases the risk of them behaving violently. In the current review this research evidence is critically assessed and the psychological theory that explains why Exposure to Violence has detrimental effects for both the short and long-term is elaborated. Finally the size of the "media Violence effect" is compared with some other well-known threats to society to estimate how important a threat it should be considered.
Paul Boxer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of mediated Exposure to ethnic political Violence on middle east youth s subsequent post traumatic stress symptoms and aggressive behavior
Communication Research, 2014Co-Authors: Shira Dvir Gvirsman, Simha F Landau, Eric F Dubow, Rowell L Huesmann, Khalil Shikaki, Paul BoxerAbstract:This study introduces the concept of chronic (i.e., repeated and cumulative) mediated Exposure to political Violence and investigates its effects on aggressive behavior and post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in young viewers. Embracing the risk-matrix approach, these effects are studied alongside other childhood risk factors that influence maladjustment. A longitudinal study was conducted on a sample of youth who experience the Israeli-Palestinian conflict firsthand (N = 1,207). As hypothesized, higher levels of chronic mediated Exposure were longitudinally related to higher levels of PTS symptoms and aggression at peers independently of Exposure to Violence in other contexts. In the case of aggressive behavior, structural equation analysis (SEM) analyses suggest that, while it is likely there are causal effects in both directions, the bigger effect is probably for Exposure to Violence stimulating aggression than for aggression stimulating Exposure to Violence. Both the longitudinal effects on aggression and PTS symptoms were especially strong among youth who demonstrated initially higher levels of the same type of maladjustment. These results support the conceptualization of the relation between media Violence and behaviors as "reciprocally determined" or "downward spirals" and highlight the contribution of the risk-matrix approach to the analysis of childhood maladjustment.
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the effects of mediated Exposure to ethnic political Violence on middle east youth s subsequent post traumatic stress symptoms and aggressive behavior
Communication Research, 2014Co-Authors: Shira Dvir Gvirsman, Simha F Landau, Eric F Dubow, Paul Boxer, Rowell L Huesmann, Khalil ShikakiAbstract:This study introduces the concept of chronic (i.e., repeated and cumulative) mediated Exposure to political Violence and investigates its effects on aggressive behavior and post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in young viewers. Embracing the risk-matrix approach, these effects are studied alongside other childhood risk factors that influence maladjustment. A longitudinal study was conducted on a sample of youth who experience the Israeli-Palestinian conflict firsthand (N = 1,207). As hypothesized, higher levels of chronic mediated Exposure were longitudinally related to higher levels of PTS symptoms and aggression at peers independently of Exposure to Violence in other contexts. In the case of aggressive behavior, structural equation analysis (SEM) analyses suggest that, while it is likely there are causal effects in both directions, the bigger effect is probably for Exposure to Violence stimulating aggression than for aggression stimulating Exposure to Violence. Both the longitudinal effects on aggressio...
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cumulative effects of Exposure to Violence on posttraumatic stress in palestinian and israeli youth
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Eric F Dubow, Simha F Landau, Paul Boxer, Rowell L Huesmann, Shira Dvir, Khalil Shikaki, Jeremy GingesAbstract:We examine cumulative and prospective effects of Exposure to conflict and Violence across four contexts (ethnic-political, community, family, school) on posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in Palestinian and Israeli youth. Interviews were conducted with 600 Palestinian and 901 Israeli (Jewish and Arab) children (ages 8, 11, and 14) and their parents once a year for 3 consecutive years. Palestinian children, males, and older youth were generally at greatest risk for Exposure to conflict/Violence across contexts. Regression analysis found unique effects of Exposure to ethnic-political (Palestinian sample), school (Palestinian and Israeli Jewish samples), and family conflict/Violence (Israeli Arab sample) during the first 2 years on PTS symptoms in Year 3, controlling for prior PTS symptoms. Cumulative Exposure to Violence in more contexts during the first 2 years predicted higher subsequent PTS symptoms than did Exposure to Violence in fewer contexts, and this was true regardless of the youth's level of prior PTS symptoms. These results highlight the risk that ongoing Exposure to Violence across multiple contexts in the social ecology poses for the mental health of children in contexts of ethnic-political Violence. Researchers and mental health professionals working with war-exposed youth in a given cultural context must assess both war- and non-war-related stressors affecting youth. Based on this assessment, interventions may not be limited to individual-based, war-trauma-focused approaches but also may include school-based, community-based, and family-level interventions.
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cumulative effects of Exposure to Violence on posttraumatic stress in palestinian and israeli youth
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Eric F Dubow, Simha F Landau, Paul Boxer, Rowell L Huesmann, Shira Dvir, Khalil Shikaki, Jeremy GingesAbstract:We examine cumulative and prospective effects of Exposure to conflict and Violence across four contexts (ethnic-political, community, family, school) on posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in Palestinian and Israeli youth. Interviews were conducted with 600 Palestinian and 901 Israeli (Jewish and Arab) children (ages 8, 11, and 14) and their parents once a year for 3 consecutive years. Palestinian children, males, and older youth were generally at greatest risk for Exposure to conflict/Violence across contexts. Regression analysis found unique effects of Exposure to ethnic-political (Palestinian sample), school (Palestinian and Israeli Jewish samples), and family conflict/Violence (Israeli Arab sample) during the first 2 years on PTS symptoms in Year 3, controlling for prior PTS symptoms. Cumulative Exposure to Violence in more contexts during the first 2 years predicted higher subsequent PTS symptoms than did Exposure to Violence in fewer contexts, and this was true regardless of the youth's level of pri...
Eric F Dubow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of mediated Exposure to ethnic political Violence on middle east youth s subsequent post traumatic stress symptoms and aggressive behavior
Communication Research, 2014Co-Authors: Shira Dvir Gvirsman, Simha F Landau, Eric F Dubow, Rowell L Huesmann, Khalil Shikaki, Paul BoxerAbstract:This study introduces the concept of chronic (i.e., repeated and cumulative) mediated Exposure to political Violence and investigates its effects on aggressive behavior and post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in young viewers. Embracing the risk-matrix approach, these effects are studied alongside other childhood risk factors that influence maladjustment. A longitudinal study was conducted on a sample of youth who experience the Israeli-Palestinian conflict firsthand (N = 1,207). As hypothesized, higher levels of chronic mediated Exposure were longitudinally related to higher levels of PTS symptoms and aggression at peers independently of Exposure to Violence in other contexts. In the case of aggressive behavior, structural equation analysis (SEM) analyses suggest that, while it is likely there are causal effects in both directions, the bigger effect is probably for Exposure to Violence stimulating aggression than for aggression stimulating Exposure to Violence. Both the longitudinal effects on aggression and PTS symptoms were especially strong among youth who demonstrated initially higher levels of the same type of maladjustment. These results support the conceptualization of the relation between media Violence and behaviors as "reciprocally determined" or "downward spirals" and highlight the contribution of the risk-matrix approach to the analysis of childhood maladjustment.
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the effects of mediated Exposure to ethnic political Violence on middle east youth s subsequent post traumatic stress symptoms and aggressive behavior
Communication Research, 2014Co-Authors: Shira Dvir Gvirsman, Simha F Landau, Eric F Dubow, Paul Boxer, Rowell L Huesmann, Khalil ShikakiAbstract:This study introduces the concept of chronic (i.e., repeated and cumulative) mediated Exposure to political Violence and investigates its effects on aggressive behavior and post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in young viewers. Embracing the risk-matrix approach, these effects are studied alongside other childhood risk factors that influence maladjustment. A longitudinal study was conducted on a sample of youth who experience the Israeli-Palestinian conflict firsthand (N = 1,207). As hypothesized, higher levels of chronic mediated Exposure were longitudinally related to higher levels of PTS symptoms and aggression at peers independently of Exposure to Violence in other contexts. In the case of aggressive behavior, structural equation analysis (SEM) analyses suggest that, while it is likely there are causal effects in both directions, the bigger effect is probably for Exposure to Violence stimulating aggression than for aggression stimulating Exposure to Violence. Both the longitudinal effects on aggressio...
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cumulative effects of Exposure to Violence on posttraumatic stress in palestinian and israeli youth
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Eric F Dubow, Simha F Landau, Paul Boxer, Rowell L Huesmann, Shira Dvir, Khalil Shikaki, Jeremy GingesAbstract:We examine cumulative and prospective effects of Exposure to conflict and Violence across four contexts (ethnic-political, community, family, school) on posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in Palestinian and Israeli youth. Interviews were conducted with 600 Palestinian and 901 Israeli (Jewish and Arab) children (ages 8, 11, and 14) and their parents once a year for 3 consecutive years. Palestinian children, males, and older youth were generally at greatest risk for Exposure to conflict/Violence across contexts. Regression analysis found unique effects of Exposure to ethnic-political (Palestinian sample), school (Palestinian and Israeli Jewish samples), and family conflict/Violence (Israeli Arab sample) during the first 2 years on PTS symptoms in Year 3, controlling for prior PTS symptoms. Cumulative Exposure to Violence in more contexts during the first 2 years predicted higher subsequent PTS symptoms than did Exposure to Violence in fewer contexts, and this was true regardless of the youth's level of prior PTS symptoms. These results highlight the risk that ongoing Exposure to Violence across multiple contexts in the social ecology poses for the mental health of children in contexts of ethnic-political Violence. Researchers and mental health professionals working with war-exposed youth in a given cultural context must assess both war- and non-war-related stressors affecting youth. Based on this assessment, interventions may not be limited to individual-based, war-trauma-focused approaches but also may include school-based, community-based, and family-level interventions.
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cumulative effects of Exposure to Violence on posttraumatic stress in palestinian and israeli youth
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Eric F Dubow, Simha F Landau, Paul Boxer, Rowell L Huesmann, Shira Dvir, Khalil Shikaki, Jeremy GingesAbstract:We examine cumulative and prospective effects of Exposure to conflict and Violence across four contexts (ethnic-political, community, family, school) on posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in Palestinian and Israeli youth. Interviews were conducted with 600 Palestinian and 901 Israeli (Jewish and Arab) children (ages 8, 11, and 14) and their parents once a year for 3 consecutive years. Palestinian children, males, and older youth were generally at greatest risk for Exposure to conflict/Violence across contexts. Regression analysis found unique effects of Exposure to ethnic-political (Palestinian sample), school (Palestinian and Israeli Jewish samples), and family conflict/Violence (Israeli Arab sample) during the first 2 years on PTS symptoms in Year 3, controlling for prior PTS symptoms. Cumulative Exposure to Violence in more contexts during the first 2 years predicted higher subsequent PTS symptoms than did Exposure to Violence in fewer contexts, and this was true regardless of the youth's level of pri...
Eliana Barrios Suarez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the association between post traumatic stress related symptoms resilience current stress and past Exposure to Violence a cross sectional study of the survival of quechua women in the aftermath of the peruvian armed conflict
Conflict and Health, 2013Co-Authors: Eliana Barrios SuarezAbstract:The long lasting resilience of individuals and communities affected by mass Violence has not been given equal prominence as their suffering. This has often led to psychosocial interventions in post-conflict zones being unresponsive to local realities and ill-equipped to foster local strengths. Responding to the renewed interest in resilience in the field of Violence and health, this study examines the resilience and post-traumatic responses of Indigenous Quechua women in the aftermath of the political Violence in Peru (1980–2000). A cross-sectional study examined the relationship between resilience, post-traumatic responses, Exposure to Violence during the conflict and current life stress on 151 Quechua women participants. Purposive and convenience sampling strategies were used for recruitment in Ayacucho, the area most exposed to Violence. The study instruments were translated to Quechua and Spanish and cross-culturally validated. Data was analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis. A locally informed trauma questionnaire of local idioms of distress was also included in the analysis. Sixty percent of women (n = 91) were recruited from Ayacucho city and the rest from three rural villages; the mean age was 45 years old. Despite high levels of Exposure to Violence, only 9.3% of the sample presented a level of symptoms that indicated possible PTSD. Resilience did not contribute to the overall variance of post-traumatic stress related symptoms, which was predicted by past Exposure to Violence, current life stress, age, and schooling (R 2 = .421). Resilience contributed instead to the variance of avoidance symptoms (Stand β = −.198, t = −2.595, p = 0.010) while not for re-experiencing or arousal symptoms. These findings identified some of the pathways in which resilience and post-traumatic responses interrelate in the aftermath of Violence; yet, they also point to the complexity of their relationship, which is not fully explained by linear associations, requiring further examination. Age and gender-sensitive health care is considered critical almost fifteen years after the end of the conflict. The notable resilience of Quechua women—despite Exposure to a continuum of Violence and social inequalities—also calls for enhanced recognition of women not only as victims of Violence but also as complex social actors in the reconstruction of post-conflict societies.
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the association between post traumatic stress related symptoms resilience current stress and past Exposure to Violence a cross sectional study of the survival of quechua women in the aftermath of the peruvian armed conflict
Conflict and Health, 2013Co-Authors: Eliana Barrios SuarezAbstract:Background: The long lasting resilience of individuals and communities affected by mass Violence has not been given equal prominence as their suffering. This has often led to psychosocial interventions in post-conflict zones being unresponsive to local realities and ill-equipped to foster local strengths. Responding to the renewed interest in resilience in the field of Violence and health, this study examines the resilience and post-traumatic responses of Indigenous Quechua women in the aftermath of the political Violence in Peru (1980–2000). Methods: A cross-sectional study examined the relationship between resilience, post-traumatic responses, Exposure to Violence during the conflict and current life stress on 151 Quechua women participants. Purposive and convenience sampling strategies were used for recruitment in Ayacucho, the area most exposed to Violence. The study instruments were translated to Quechua and Spanish and cross-culturally validated. Data was analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis. A locally informed trauma questionnaire of local idioms of distress was also included in the analysis. Findings: Sixty percent of women (n=91) were recruited from Ayacucho city and the rest from three rural villages; the mean age was 45 years old. Despite high levels of Exposure to Violence, only 9.3% of the sample presented a level of symptoms that indicated possible PTSD. Resilience did not contribute to the overall variance of post-traumatic stress related symptoms, which was predicted by past Exposure to Violence, current life stress, age, and schooling (R 2 =.421). Resilience contributed instead to the variance of avoidance symptoms (Stand β=�.198, t=�2.595, p=0.010) while not for re-experiencing or arousal symptoms. Conclusions: These findings identified some of the pathways in which resilience and post-traumatic responses interrelate in the aftermath of Violence; yet, they also point to the complexity of their relationship, which is not fully explained by linear associations, requiring further examination. Age and gender-sensitive health care is considered critical almost fifteen years after the end of the conflict. The notable resilience of Quechua women—despite Exposure to a continuum of Violence and social inequalities—also calls for enhanced recognition of women not only as victims of Violence but also as complex social actors in the reconstruction of post-conflict societies.
Simha F Landau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of mediated Exposure to ethnic political Violence on middle east youth s subsequent post traumatic stress symptoms and aggressive behavior
Communication Research, 2014Co-Authors: Shira Dvir Gvirsman, Simha F Landau, Eric F Dubow, Rowell L Huesmann, Khalil Shikaki, Paul BoxerAbstract:This study introduces the concept of chronic (i.e., repeated and cumulative) mediated Exposure to political Violence and investigates its effects on aggressive behavior and post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in young viewers. Embracing the risk-matrix approach, these effects are studied alongside other childhood risk factors that influence maladjustment. A longitudinal study was conducted on a sample of youth who experience the Israeli-Palestinian conflict firsthand (N = 1,207). As hypothesized, higher levels of chronic mediated Exposure were longitudinally related to higher levels of PTS symptoms and aggression at peers independently of Exposure to Violence in other contexts. In the case of aggressive behavior, structural equation analysis (SEM) analyses suggest that, while it is likely there are causal effects in both directions, the bigger effect is probably for Exposure to Violence stimulating aggression than for aggression stimulating Exposure to Violence. Both the longitudinal effects on aggression and PTS symptoms were especially strong among youth who demonstrated initially higher levels of the same type of maladjustment. These results support the conceptualization of the relation between media Violence and behaviors as "reciprocally determined" or "downward spirals" and highlight the contribution of the risk-matrix approach to the analysis of childhood maladjustment.
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the effects of mediated Exposure to ethnic political Violence on middle east youth s subsequent post traumatic stress symptoms and aggressive behavior
Communication Research, 2014Co-Authors: Shira Dvir Gvirsman, Simha F Landau, Eric F Dubow, Paul Boxer, Rowell L Huesmann, Khalil ShikakiAbstract:This study introduces the concept of chronic (i.e., repeated and cumulative) mediated Exposure to political Violence and investigates its effects on aggressive behavior and post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in young viewers. Embracing the risk-matrix approach, these effects are studied alongside other childhood risk factors that influence maladjustment. A longitudinal study was conducted on a sample of youth who experience the Israeli-Palestinian conflict firsthand (N = 1,207). As hypothesized, higher levels of chronic mediated Exposure were longitudinally related to higher levels of PTS symptoms and aggression at peers independently of Exposure to Violence in other contexts. In the case of aggressive behavior, structural equation analysis (SEM) analyses suggest that, while it is likely there are causal effects in both directions, the bigger effect is probably for Exposure to Violence stimulating aggression than for aggression stimulating Exposure to Violence. Both the longitudinal effects on aggressio...
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cumulative effects of Exposure to Violence on posttraumatic stress in palestinian and israeli youth
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Eric F Dubow, Simha F Landau, Paul Boxer, Rowell L Huesmann, Shira Dvir, Khalil Shikaki, Jeremy GingesAbstract:We examine cumulative and prospective effects of Exposure to conflict and Violence across four contexts (ethnic-political, community, family, school) on posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in Palestinian and Israeli youth. Interviews were conducted with 600 Palestinian and 901 Israeli (Jewish and Arab) children (ages 8, 11, and 14) and their parents once a year for 3 consecutive years. Palestinian children, males, and older youth were generally at greatest risk for Exposure to conflict/Violence across contexts. Regression analysis found unique effects of Exposure to ethnic-political (Palestinian sample), school (Palestinian and Israeli Jewish samples), and family conflict/Violence (Israeli Arab sample) during the first 2 years on PTS symptoms in Year 3, controlling for prior PTS symptoms. Cumulative Exposure to Violence in more contexts during the first 2 years predicted higher subsequent PTS symptoms than did Exposure to Violence in fewer contexts, and this was true regardless of the youth's level of pri...
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cumulative effects of Exposure to Violence on posttraumatic stress in palestinian and israeli youth
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Eric F Dubow, Simha F Landau, Paul Boxer, Rowell L Huesmann, Shira Dvir, Khalil Shikaki, Jeremy GingesAbstract:We examine cumulative and prospective effects of Exposure to conflict and Violence across four contexts (ethnic-political, community, family, school) on posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in Palestinian and Israeli youth. Interviews were conducted with 600 Palestinian and 901 Israeli (Jewish and Arab) children (ages 8, 11, and 14) and their parents once a year for 3 consecutive years. Palestinian children, males, and older youth were generally at greatest risk for Exposure to conflict/Violence across contexts. Regression analysis found unique effects of Exposure to ethnic-political (Palestinian sample), school (Palestinian and Israeli Jewish samples), and family conflict/Violence (Israeli Arab sample) during the first 2 years on PTS symptoms in Year 3, controlling for prior PTS symptoms. Cumulative Exposure to Violence in more contexts during the first 2 years predicted higher subsequent PTS symptoms than did Exposure to Violence in fewer contexts, and this was true regardless of the youth's level of prior PTS symptoms. These results highlight the risk that ongoing Exposure to Violence across multiple contexts in the social ecology poses for the mental health of children in contexts of ethnic-political Violence. Researchers and mental health professionals working with war-exposed youth in a given cultural context must assess both war- and non-war-related stressors affecting youth. Based on this assessment, interventions may not be limited to individual-based, war-trauma-focused approaches but also may include school-based, community-based, and family-level interventions.
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personnel Exposure to Violence in hospital emergency wards a routine activity approach
Aggressive Behavior, 2008Co-Authors: Simha F Landau, Yehudit BendalakAbstract:This study analyzes Violence against personnel in the emergency wards of all 25 general hospitals in Israel using a self-report questionnaire (N= 2,356). Informed by the routine activity theory, the hypotheses related to the major concepts of this approach: Exposure, target suitability, guarding and proximity to offenders. A General Exposure to Violence Index (GEVI) was constructed, based on the participants' reports about type and frequency of their victimization to Violence during the preceding year. The multiple regression analysis for explaining the GEVI was composed of 15 independent variables relating to participants' professional and personal characteristics as well as to structural features of hospitals. As predicted, higher Exposure to Violence was related to security or nursing staff and positions of authority; high weekly workload; working in a profession other than that of training; inability of coping with verbal Violence; having no access to an emergency button, and working in settings restricting the number of accompanying persons to one only. Unexpectedly, previous training in coping with Violence was related to higher victimization. Younger age, male gender and being of European/American origin (mainly from the former Soviet Union) was also related to higher risk of victimization. The results support the utility of the routine activities approach in explaining differences in emergency ward personnel victimization. The findings also indicate, however, the need to add domain-specific contextual analyses to this approach to reach a fuller understanding of the behaviors under discussion. Implications of the finding to coping with Violence against emergency ward personnel are discussed, and suggestions are put forward for further study in this field. Language: en
