The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Marc A. Zimmerman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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School Attachment and Violent Attitudes Preventing Future Violent Behavior Among Youth
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2018Co-Authors: Jorge J. Varela, Marc A. Zimmerman, Allison M. Ryan, Sarah A. Stoddard, Justin E. HeinzeAbstract:Evidence derived from social information theories support the existence of different underlying cognitive mechanisms guiding Violent Behavior through life. However, a few studies have examined the contribution of school variables to those cognitive mechanisms, which may help explain Violent Behavior later in life. The present study examines the relationship between school attachment, Violent attitudes, and Violent Behavior over time in a sample of urban adolescents from the U.S. Midwest. We evaluated the influence of school attachment on Violent attitudes and subsequent Violent Behavior. We used structural equation modeling to test our hypothesis in a sample of 579 participants (54.9% female, 81.3% African American). After controlling for gender and race, our results indicated that the relationship between school attachment and Violent Behavior over time is mediated by Violent attitudes. The instrumentalization of the school context as a learning environment aiming to prevent future Violent Behavior is al...
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predicting Violent Behavior the role of violence exposure and future educational aspirations during adolescence
Journal of Adolescence, 2015Co-Authors: Sarah A. Stoddard, Justin E. Heinze, Daniel Ewon Choe, Marc A. ZimmermanAbstract:Few researchers have explored future educational aspirations as a promotive factor against exposure to community violence in relation to adolescents' Violent Behavior over time. The present study examined the direct and indirect effect of exposure to community violence prior to 9th grade on attitudes about violence and Violent Behavior in 12th grade, and Violent Behavior at age 22 via 9th grade future educational aspirations in a sample of urban African American youth (n = 681; 49% male). Multi-group SEM was used to test the moderating effect of gender. Exposure to violence was associated with lower future educational aspirations. For boys, attitudes about violence directly predicted Violent Behavior at age 22. For boys, future educational aspirations indirectly predicted less Violent Behavior at age 22. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed. Language: en
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transactional process of african american adolescents family conflict and Violent Behavior
Journal of Research on Adolescence, 2014Co-Authors: Daniel Ewon Choe, Marc A. ZimmermanAbstract:This is the first longitudinal study of urban African American adolescents that has examined bidirectional effects between their family conflict and Violent Behavior across all of high school. Structured interviews were administered to 681 students each year in high school at ages 15, 16 17, and 18 years. We used structural equation modeling to test a transactional model and found bidirectional effects between family conflict and Violent Behavior across the middle years of high school, while accounting for sex and socioeconomic status. FINDINGS suggest a reciprocal process involving interpersonal conflict in African American families and adolescent engagement in youth violence. Language: en
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the relationship between cumulative risk and promotive factors and Violent Behavior among urban adolescents
American Journal of Community Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Sarah A. Stoddard, Marc A. Zimmerman, Lauren K Whiteside, Rebecca M Cunningham, Stephen T Chermack, Maureen A WaltonAbstract:Resiliency theory posits that some youth exposed to risk factors do not develop negative Behaviors due to the influence of promotive factors. This study examines the effects of cumulative risk and promotive factors on adolescent Violent Behavior and tests two models of resilience—the compensatory model and the protective model—in a sample of adolescent patients (14–18 years old; n = 726) presenting to an urban emergency department who report Violent Behavior. Cumulative measures of risk and promotive factors consist of individual characteristics and peer, family, and community influences. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to test the two models of resilience (using cumulative measures of risk and promotive factors) for Violent Behavior within a sample of youth reporting Violent Behavior. Higher cumulative risk was associated with higher levels of Violent Behavior. Higher levels of promotive factors were associated with lower levels of Violent Behavior and moderated the association between risk and Violent Behaviors. Our results support the risk-protective model of resiliency and suggest that promotive factors can help reduce the burden of cumulative risk for youth violence.
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a longitudinal analysis of cumulative risks cumulative promotive factors and adolescent Violent Behavior
Journal of Research on Adolescence, 2012Co-Authors: Sarah A. Stoddard, Marc A. Zimmerman, Jose A BauermeisterAbstract:This study examined the effects of cumulative risk and promotive factors on Violent Behavior across the high school years of adolescence in a sample of predominately African American urban adolescents (n = 750). Cumulative risk and promotive factor indices represented individual characteristics, and peer, parental, and familial influences. Using growth curve modeling, we describe trajectories of cumulative risk and promotive factors and test the associations between the time-varying cumulative risk and promotive factor indices and Violent Behavior. Higher risk was associated with higher levels of Violent Behavior. Higher levels of promotive factors were associated with less Violent Behavior and moderated the association between risk and Violent Behaviors. The results support the risk-protective model of resiliency. Implications for prevention are discussed.
Rebecca M Cunningham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the relationship between cumulative risk and promotive factors and Violent Behavior among urban adolescents
American Journal of Community Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Sarah A. Stoddard, Marc A. Zimmerman, Lauren K Whiteside, Rebecca M Cunningham, Stephen T Chermack, Maureen A WaltonAbstract:Resiliency theory posits that some youth exposed to risk factors do not develop negative Behaviors due to the influence of promotive factors. This study examines the effects of cumulative risk and promotive factors on adolescent Violent Behavior and tests two models of resilience—the compensatory model and the protective model—in a sample of adolescent patients (14–18 years old; n = 726) presenting to an urban emergency department who report Violent Behavior. Cumulative measures of risk and promotive factors consist of individual characteristics and peer, family, and community influences. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to test the two models of resilience (using cumulative measures of risk and promotive factors) for Violent Behavior within a sample of youth reporting Violent Behavior. Higher cumulative risk was associated with higher levels of Violent Behavior. Higher levels of promotive factors were associated with lower levels of Violent Behavior and moderated the association between risk and Violent Behaviors. Our results support the risk-protective model of resiliency and suggest that promotive factors can help reduce the burden of cumulative risk for youth violence.
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relationship between alcohol use and Violent Behavior among urban african american youths from adolescence to emerging adulthood a longitudinal study
American Journal of Public Health, 2009Co-Authors: Marc A. Zimmerman, Rebecca M CunninghamAbstract:Objectives. We examined developmental trajectories of alcohol use and Violent Behavior among urban African American youths and the longitudinal relationship between these Behaviors from adolescence to emerging adulthood.Methods. Our sample included 649 African American youths (49% male) followed for 8 years. We assessed Violent Behavior and alcohol use by asking participants how often they had engaged in each Behavior in the preceding 12 months. Growth curve analyses were conducted to identify the developmental trajectories of the 2 Behaviors and to explore the longitudinal relationship between them.Results. Violent Behavior peaked in middle to late adolescence and declined thereafter, whereas the frequency of alcohol use increased steadily over time. These developmental trajectories varied according to gender. Among both male and female participants, early Violent Behavior predicted later alcohol use, and early alcohol use predicted later Violent Behavior. Moreover, changes in one Behavior were associate...
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relationship between alcohol use and Violent Behavior among urban african american youths from adolescence to emerging adulthood a longitudinal study
Mathematica Policy Research Reports, 2009Co-Authors: Marc A. Zimmerman, Rebecca M CunninghamAbstract:This study examined developmental trajectories of alcohol use and Violent Behavior among urban African American youth and the longitudinal relationship between these Behaviors from adolescence to emerging adulthood. The sample included 649 African American youth (49 percent male) followed for eight years. Violent Behavior peaked in middle to late adolescence and declined thereafter, whereas the frequency of alcohol use increased steadily over time. These trajectories varied according to gender. Among both male and female participants, early Violent Behavior predicted later alcohol use, and early alcohol use predicted later Violent Behavior. Moreover, changes in one Behavior were associated with changes in the other.
Jeffrey W Swanson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a national study of Violent Behavior in persons with schizophrenia
Archives of General Psychiatry, 2006Co-Authors: Jeffrey W Swanson, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Marvin S Swartz, Ryan H Wagner, Robert A Rosenheck, Richard A Van Dorn, Eric B Elbogen, Scott T Stroup, Joseph Patrick McevoyAbstract:Context Violent Behavior is uncommon, yet problematic, among schizophrenia patients. The complex effects of clinical, interpersonal, and social-environmental risk factors for violence in this population are poorly understood. Objective To examine the prevalence and correlates of violence among schizophrenia patients living in the community by developing multivariable statistical models to assess the net effects of psychotic symptoms and other risk factors for minor and serious violence. Design A total of 1410 schizophrenia patients were clinically assessed and interviewed about Violent Behavior in the past 6 months. Data comprise baseline assessments of patients enrolled in the National Institute of Mental Health Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness. Setting and Patients Adult patients diagnosed as having schizophrenia were enrolled from 56 sites in the United States, including academic medical centers and community providers. Main Outcome Measures Violence was classified at 2 severity levels: minor violence, corresponding to simple assault without injury or weapon use; and serious violence, corresponding to assault resulting in injury or involving use of a lethal weapon, threat with a lethal weapon in hand, or sexual assault. A composite measure of any violence was also analyzed. Results The 6-month prevalence of any violence was 19.1%, with 3.6% of participants reporting serious Violent Behavior. Distinct, but overlapping, sets of risk factors were associated with minor and serious violence. “Positive” psychotic symptoms, such as persecutory ideation, increased the risk of minor and serious violence, while “negative” psychotic symptoms, such as social withdrawal, lowered the risk of serious violence. Minor violence was associated with co-occurring substance abuse and interpersonal and social factors. Serious violence was associated with psychotic and depressive symptoms, childhood conduct problems, and victimization. Conclusions Particular clusters of symptoms may increase or decrease violence risk in schizophrenia patients. Violence risk assessment and management in community-based treatment should focus on combinations of clinical and nonclinical risk factors.
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the social environmental context of Violent Behavior in persons treated for severe mental illness
American Journal of Public Health, 2002Co-Authors: Jeffrey W Swanson, Marvin S Swartz, Susan M Essock, Fred C Osher, Ryan H Wagner, Lisa A Goodman, Stanley D Rosenberg, Keith G MeadorAbstract:Objectives. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of Violent Behavior by individuals with severe mental illness. Methods. Participants (N = 802) were adults with psychotic or major mood disorders receiving inpatient or outpatient services in public mental health systems in 4 states. Results. The 1-year prevalence of serious assaultive Behavior was 13%. Three variables—past Violent victimization, violence in the surrounding environment, and substance abuse—showed a cumulative association with risk of Violent Behavior. Conclusions. Violence among individuals with severe mental illness is related to multiple variables with compounded effects over the life span. Interventions to reduce the risk of violence need to be targeted to specific subgroups with different clusters of problems related to Violent Behavior.
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Violent Behavior preceding hospitalization among persons with severe mental illness
Law and Human Behavior, 1999Co-Authors: Jeffrey W Swanson, Marvin S Swartz, Randy Borum, Virginia Aldige HidayAbstract:The need to better understand and manage risk of Violent Behavior among persons with severe mental illness (SMI) in community care is increasingly being recognized. Of particular concern is a subset of the SMI population characterized by a “revolving door” pattern of institutional recidivism and poor adherence to outpatient treatment. Little empirical research exists which examines the specific dimensions of Violent incidents and their surrounding context in this population. The present paper describes characteristics of Violent Behavioral events in a sample of 331 people with psychotic or major mood disorders who were placed on involuntary outpatient commitment in North Carolina. By pooling baseline data from respondents' self-report, collateral informant interviews, and hospital records, the study found Violent Behavior to be a problem affecting over half the sample in a 4-month period preceding hospitalization. The study also found considerable variability in the frequency of Violent events, severity, weapon use, subjective state when incidents occurred, initiation of fights, settings, relationship to others involved, and associated threat of victimization. Multivariable analyses showed that cooccurring substance abuse problems, history of criminal victimization, and age (being younger) were significantly associated with Violent Behavior when all sources of data were taken into account. Clinical diagnosis and symptom variables were not related to violence in this sample. Implications of these findings for service delivery priorities and future research are discussed.
Sarah A. Stoddard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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School Attachment and Violent Attitudes Preventing Future Violent Behavior Among Youth
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2018Co-Authors: Jorge J. Varela, Marc A. Zimmerman, Allison M. Ryan, Sarah A. Stoddard, Justin E. HeinzeAbstract:Evidence derived from social information theories support the existence of different underlying cognitive mechanisms guiding Violent Behavior through life. However, a few studies have examined the contribution of school variables to those cognitive mechanisms, which may help explain Violent Behavior later in life. The present study examines the relationship between school attachment, Violent attitudes, and Violent Behavior over time in a sample of urban adolescents from the U.S. Midwest. We evaluated the influence of school attachment on Violent attitudes and subsequent Violent Behavior. We used structural equation modeling to test our hypothesis in a sample of 579 participants (54.9% female, 81.3% African American). After controlling for gender and race, our results indicated that the relationship between school attachment and Violent Behavior over time is mediated by Violent attitudes. The instrumentalization of the school context as a learning environment aiming to prevent future Violent Behavior is al...
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predicting Violent Behavior the role of violence exposure and future educational aspirations during adolescence
Journal of Adolescence, 2015Co-Authors: Sarah A. Stoddard, Justin E. Heinze, Daniel Ewon Choe, Marc A. ZimmermanAbstract:Few researchers have explored future educational aspirations as a promotive factor against exposure to community violence in relation to adolescents' Violent Behavior over time. The present study examined the direct and indirect effect of exposure to community violence prior to 9th grade on attitudes about violence and Violent Behavior in 12th grade, and Violent Behavior at age 22 via 9th grade future educational aspirations in a sample of urban African American youth (n = 681; 49% male). Multi-group SEM was used to test the moderating effect of gender. Exposure to violence was associated with lower future educational aspirations. For boys, attitudes about violence directly predicted Violent Behavior at age 22. For boys, future educational aspirations indirectly predicted less Violent Behavior at age 22. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed. Language: en
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the relationship between cumulative risk and promotive factors and Violent Behavior among urban adolescents
American Journal of Community Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Sarah A. Stoddard, Marc A. Zimmerman, Lauren K Whiteside, Rebecca M Cunningham, Stephen T Chermack, Maureen A WaltonAbstract:Resiliency theory posits that some youth exposed to risk factors do not develop negative Behaviors due to the influence of promotive factors. This study examines the effects of cumulative risk and promotive factors on adolescent Violent Behavior and tests two models of resilience—the compensatory model and the protective model—in a sample of adolescent patients (14–18 years old; n = 726) presenting to an urban emergency department who report Violent Behavior. Cumulative measures of risk and promotive factors consist of individual characteristics and peer, family, and community influences. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to test the two models of resilience (using cumulative measures of risk and promotive factors) for Violent Behavior within a sample of youth reporting Violent Behavior. Higher cumulative risk was associated with higher levels of Violent Behavior. Higher levels of promotive factors were associated with lower levels of Violent Behavior and moderated the association between risk and Violent Behaviors. Our results support the risk-protective model of resiliency and suggest that promotive factors can help reduce the burden of cumulative risk for youth violence.
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a longitudinal analysis of cumulative risks cumulative promotive factors and adolescent Violent Behavior
Journal of Research on Adolescence, 2012Co-Authors: Sarah A. Stoddard, Marc A. Zimmerman, Jose A BauermeisterAbstract:This study examined the effects of cumulative risk and promotive factors on Violent Behavior across the high school years of adolescence in a sample of predominately African American urban adolescents (n = 750). Cumulative risk and promotive factor indices represented individual characteristics, and peer, parental, and familial influences. Using growth curve modeling, we describe trajectories of cumulative risk and promotive factors and test the associations between the time-varying cumulative risk and promotive factor indices and Violent Behavior. Higher risk was associated with higher levels of Violent Behavior. Higher levels of promotive factors were associated with less Violent Behavior and moderated the association between risk and Violent Behaviors. The results support the risk-protective model of resiliency. Implications for prevention are discussed.
Jeffrey A. Lieberman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Longitudinal Study of Violent Behavior in a Psychosis-Risk Cohort
Neuropsychopharmacology, 2017Co-Authors: Gary Brucato, Paul S. Appelbaum, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Melanie M. Wall, Tianshu Feng, Michael D. Masucci, Rebecca Altschuler, Ragy R. GirgisAbstract:There is a lack of insight into the relationships between Violent ideation, Violent Behavior, and early, particularly attenuated, psychosis. Our aims were to examine the relationships between baseline Violent Behavior and Violent ideation and outcome Violent Behavior and conversion to psychosis in at-risk individuals. We longitudinally assessed 200 individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis for Violent ideation and Violent Behavior using the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS), and rated these according to MacArthur Community Violence categories. Fifty-six individuals (28%) reported Violent ideation at baseline, 12 (6%) reported Violent Behavior within 6 months pre-baseline, and 8 (4%) committed acts of violence during the follow-up time period. Information about Violent ideation was obtained only by indirect, but not direct, inquiry about Violent ideation. Both Violent ideation and Violent Behavior at baseline significantly predicted Violent Behavior (RR=13.9, p=0.001; RR=8.3, p=0.003, respectively) during follow-up, as well as a diagnosis of psychosis (RR=2.3 and 2.4, respectively; both p
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a national study of Violent Behavior in persons with schizophrenia
Archives of General Psychiatry, 2006Co-Authors: Jeffrey W Swanson, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Marvin S Swartz, Ryan H Wagner, Robert A Rosenheck, Richard A Van Dorn, Eric B Elbogen, Scott T Stroup, Joseph Patrick McevoyAbstract:Context Violent Behavior is uncommon, yet problematic, among schizophrenia patients. The complex effects of clinical, interpersonal, and social-environmental risk factors for violence in this population are poorly understood. Objective To examine the prevalence and correlates of violence among schizophrenia patients living in the community by developing multivariable statistical models to assess the net effects of psychotic symptoms and other risk factors for minor and serious violence. Design A total of 1410 schizophrenia patients were clinically assessed and interviewed about Violent Behavior in the past 6 months. Data comprise baseline assessments of patients enrolled in the National Institute of Mental Health Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness. Setting and Patients Adult patients diagnosed as having schizophrenia were enrolled from 56 sites in the United States, including academic medical centers and community providers. Main Outcome Measures Violence was classified at 2 severity levels: minor violence, corresponding to simple assault without injury or weapon use; and serious violence, corresponding to assault resulting in injury or involving use of a lethal weapon, threat with a lethal weapon in hand, or sexual assault. A composite measure of any violence was also analyzed. Results The 6-month prevalence of any violence was 19.1%, with 3.6% of participants reporting serious Violent Behavior. Distinct, but overlapping, sets of risk factors were associated with minor and serious violence. “Positive” psychotic symptoms, such as persecutory ideation, increased the risk of minor and serious violence, while “negative” psychotic symptoms, such as social withdrawal, lowered the risk of serious violence. Minor violence was associated with co-occurring substance abuse and interpersonal and social factors. Serious violence was associated with psychotic and depressive symptoms, childhood conduct problems, and victimization. Conclusions Particular clusters of symptoms may increase or decrease violence risk in schizophrenia patients. Violence risk assessment and management in community-based treatment should focus on combinations of clinical and nonclinical risk factors.
