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Hashem Naseri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effectiveness of Technolas torsional Eye Tracking System on visual outcomes after photorefractive keratectomy.
Journal of current ophthalmology, 2016Co-Authors: Hamid Gharaee, Siamak Zaree Ghanavati, Arash Omidtabrizi, Hashem NaseriAbstract:To investigate the efficacy of Technolas 217Z Eye Tracking System (torsional component) in corneal surface irregularity and high order aberrations (HOAs) after photorefractive keratectomy. Patients with compound myopic astigmatism among persons demanding refractive surgery in Khatam-al-Anbia Eye Hospital with the mean age of 29 years were enrolled in this double-blind randomized interventional study. The mean spherical equivalent (SE) of refractive error was -4.75 diopters(D) (range: -1.5 to -7.0), and the mean astigmatism was 3 D (range:1.0-4). Many studies were performed for each patient including: A complete Eye examination, visual acuity and Monocular contrast sensitivity evaluation, and refraction. Corneal topography, Orbscan II, and wavefront aberrometry were conducted. One Eye was randomly assigned for aspheric treatment and applying Eye Tracking System. The other Eye was treated without torsional Eye Tracking System. The outcome measures were uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, corneal irregularity index in 3 mm and 5 mm optical zones in Orbscan II, and mean total HOAs at the 6-monthvisit. Fifty Eyes of 25 patients were enrolled. Mean UCVA was improved significantly in both the study and control groups in the 6-month post-operative follow-up. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in UCVA and BCVA (P = 0.185 and P = 0.176, respectively). Total HOAs increased in both groups after PRK. However, they were lower in Eyes treated with the Eye Tracking System (P < 0.001). Corneal irregularity index in 3 mm and 5 mm central zones in Orbscan II was significantly lower in the study group (P = 0.045 and P = 0.031 respectively). Contrast sensitivity function was not different in the 2 groups (P = 0.15). Our study findings suggest that applying 'Technolas 217z' Eye tracker System (Bausch and Lomb Advanced) results in a more regular anterior surface of cornea. Therefore, we recommend it for surface laser refractive surgery.
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Effectiveness of Technolas torsional Eye Tracking System on visual outcomes after photorefractive keratectomy
journal of current ophthalmology, 2015Co-Authors: Hamid Gharaee, Siamak Zaree Ghanavati, Arash Omidtabrizi, Hashem NaseriAbstract:Abstract Purpose To investigate the efficacy of Technolas 217Z Eye Tracking System ( torsional component ) in corneal surface irregularity and high order aberrations (HOAs) after photorefractive keratectomy Methods Patients with compound myopic astigmatism among persons demanding refractive surgery in Khatam-al-Anbia Eye Hospital with the mean age of 29 years were enrolled in this double-blind randomized interventional study. The mean spherical equivalent (SE) of refractive error was −4.75 diopters(D) (range: −1.5 to −7.0), and the mean astigmatism was 3 D (range:1.0–4). Many studies were performed for each patient including: A complete Eye examination, visual acuity and Monocular contrast sensitivity evaluation, and refraction. Corneal topography, Orbscan II, and wavefront aberrometry were conducted. One Eye was randomly assigned for aspheric treatment and applying Eye Tracking System. The other Eye was treated without torsional Eye Tracking System. The outcome measures were uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, corneal irregularity index in 3 mm and 5 mm optical zones in Orbscan II, and mean total HOAs at the 6-monthvisit. Results Fifty Eyes of 25 patients were enrolled. Mean UCVA was improved significantly in both the study and control groups in the 6-month post-operative follow-up. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in UCVA and BCVA ( P = 0.185 and P = 0.176, respectively). Total HOAs increased in both groups after PRK. However, they were lower in Eyes treated with the Eye Tracking System ( P P = 0.045 and P = 0.031 respectively). Contrast sensitivity function was not different in the 2 groups ( P = 0.15). Conclusion Our study findings suggest that applying ‘Technolas 217z’ Eye tracker System (Bausch and Lomb Advanced) results in a more regular anterior surface of cornea. Therefore, we recommend it for surface laser refractive surgery.
Serkan Kiranyaz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an intelligent and low cost Eye Tracking System for motorized wheelchair control
Sensors, 2020Co-Authors: Mahmoud Dahmani, Muhammad Enamul Hoque Chowdhury, Amith Khandakar, Tawsifur Rahman, Khaled Aljayyousi, Abdalla Hefny, Serkan KiranyazAbstract:In the 34 developed and 156 developing countries, there are ~132 million disabled people who need a wheelchair, constituting 1.86% of the world population. Moreover, there are millions of people suffering from diseases related to motor disabilities, which cause inability to produce controlled movement in any of the limbs or even head. This paper proposes a System to aid people with motor disabilities by restoring their ability to move effectively and effortlessly without having to rely on others utilizing an Eye-controlled electric wheelchair. The System input is images of the user's Eye that are processed to estimate the gaze direction and the wheelchair was moved accordingly. To accomplish such a feat, four user-specific methods were developed, implemented, and tested; all of which were based on a benchmark database created by the authors. The first three techniques were automatic, employ correlation, and were variants of template matching, whereas the last one uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Different metrics to quantitatively evaluate the performance of each algorithm in terms of accuracy and latency were computed and overall comparison is presented. CNN exhibited the best performance (i.e., 99.3% classification accuracy), and thus it was the model of choice for the gaze estimator, which commands the wheelchair motion. The System was evaluated carefully on eight subjects achieving 99% accuracy in changing illumination conditions outdoor and indoor. This required modifying a motorized wheelchair to adapt it to the predictions output by the gaze estimation algorithm. The wheelchair control can bypass any decision made by the gaze estimator and immediately halt its motion with the help of an array of proximity sensors, if the measured distance goes below a well-defined safety margin. This work not only empowers any immobile wheelchair user, but also provides low-cost tools for the organization assisting wheelchair users.
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an intelligent and low cost Eye Tracking System for motorized wheelchair control
arXiv: Human-Computer Interaction, 2020Co-Authors: Mahmoud Dahmani, Muhammad Enamul Hoque Chowdhury, Amith Khandakar, Tawsifur Rahman, Khaled Aljayyousi, Abdalla Hefny, Serkan KiranyazAbstract:In the 34 developed and 156 developing countries, there are about 132 million disabled people who need a wheelchair constituting 1.86% of the world population. Moreover, there are millions of people suffering from diseases related to motor disabilities, which cause inability to produce controlled movement in any of the limbs or even head.The paper proposes a System to aid people with motor disabilities by restoring their ability to move effectively and effortlessly without having to rely on others utilizing an Eye-controlled electric wheelchair. The System input was images of the users Eye that were processed to estimate the gaze direction and the wheelchair was moved accordingly. To accomplish such a feat, four user-specific methods were developed, implemented and tested; all of which were based on a benchmark database created by the authors.The first three techniques were automatic, employ correlation and were variants of template matching, while the last one uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Different metrics to quantitatively evaluate the performance of each algorithm in terms of accuracy and latency were computed and overall comparison is presented. CNN exhibited the best performance (i.e. 99.3% classification accuracy), and thus it was the model of choice for the gaze estimator, which commands the wheelchair motion. The System was evaluated carefully on 8 subjects achieving 99% accuracy in changing illumination conditions outdoor and indoor. This required modifying a motorized wheelchair to adapt it to the predictions output by the gaze estimation algorithm. The wheelchair control can bypass any decision made by the gaze estimator and immediately halt its motion with the help of an array of proximity sensors, if the measured distance goes below a well-defined safety margin.
Guido Baroni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Optical Eye Tracking System for real-time noninvasive tumor localization in external beam radiotherapy
Medical Physics, 2015Co-Authors: Aurora Fassi, Giovanni Fattori, Andrea Pella, Barbara Tagaste, Mario Ciocca, Marco Riboldi, G. Fontana, Roberto Orecchia, Guido BaroniAbstract:Purpose: External beam radiotherapy currently represents an important therapeutic strategy for the treatment of intraocular tumors. Accurate target localization and efficient compensation of involuntary Eye movements are crucial to avoid deviations in dose distribution with respect to the treatment plan. This paper describes an Eye Tracking System (ETS) based on noninvasive infrared video imaging. The System was designed for capturing the tridimensional (3D) ocular motion and provides an on-line estimation of intraocular lesions position based on a priori knowledge coming from volumetric imaging. Methods: Eye Tracking is performed by localizing cornea and pupil centers on stereo images captured by two calibrated video cameras, exploiting Eye reflections produced by infrared illumination. Additionally, torsional Eye movements are detected by template matching in the iris region of Eye images. This information allows estimating the 3D position and orientation of the Eye by means of an Eye local reference System. By combining ETS measurements with volumetric imaging for treatment planning [computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)], one is able to map the position of the lesion to be treated in local Eye coordinates, thus enabling real-time tumor referencing during treatment setup and irradiation. Experimental tests on an Eye phantom and seven healthy subjectsmore » were performed to assess ETS Tracking accuracy. Results: Measurements on phantom showed an overall median accuracy within 0.16 mm and 0.40° for translations and rotations, respectively. Torsional movements were affected by 0.28° median uncertainty. On healthy subjects, the gaze direction error ranged between 0.19° and 0.82° at a median working distance of 29 cm. The median processing time of the Eye Tracking algorithm was 18.60 ms, thus allowing Eye monitoring up to 50 Hz. Conclusions: A noninvasive ETS prototype was designed to perform real-time target localization and Eye movement monitoring during ocular radiotherapy treatments. The device aims at improving state-of-the-art invasive procedures based on surgical implantation of radiopaque clips and repeated acquisition of X-ray images, with expected positive effects on treatment quality and patient outcome.« less
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Optical Eye Tracking System for noninvasive and automatic monitoring of Eye position and movements in radiotherapy treatments of ocular tumors
Applied Optics, 2012Co-Authors: Aurora Fassi, Christian Forlani, Marco Riboldi, Guido BaroniAbstract:A noninvasive Eye Tracking System based on infrared 3-D video-oculographic techniques is proposed for the automatic monitoring of Eye position and orientation in external beam radiotherapy of ocular tumors. The presented method can be applied for the real-time estimation of lesion position and tumor–beam misalignments, allowing automatic patient setup and Eye movement gated treatments. A prototypal Eye tracker was developed and tested on five subjects, achieving gaze estimation errors of 0.5° and Eye monitoring frequencies of 125 Hz. The proposed application can potentially improve quality and efficacy of ocular radiotherapy treatments, currently based on invasive, qualitative, and manual control procedures.
Werner W. Hütz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Improvement in photorefractive corneal laser surgery results using an active Eye-Tracking System
Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, 2001Co-Authors: Michael Mrochen, Mostafa Salah Eldine, Maik Kaemmerer, Theo Seiler, Werner W. HützAbstract:Abstract Purpose: To study the advantage of modern Eye-Tracking Systems for photorefractive surgery. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Methods: Photorefractive surgery (photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis) for myopia and myopic astigmatism was performed in 40 Eyes with a commercially available medical excimer laser System. The Eyes were selected retrospectively from a larger group of patients treated at 1 clinic. In 20 Eyes, the ablation was centered on the entrance pupil using the active, video-based, Eye-Tracking System (sampling frequency 50 Hz) of the laser. During laser treatment in the nontracker group (20 Eyes), the active Eye-Tracking System was switched off and centration was done manually by the surgeon. Preoperatively and 1 and 3 months after surgery, the patients had a standard ophthalmic examination as well as wavefront analysis by means of a custom-designed wavefront analyzer. Results: After surgery, the visual acuity was significantly better (P Conclusion: The use of active Eye Tracking appeared to improve the optical and visual outcomes but did not affect the refractive outcome after photorefractive laser surgery.
Bernhard Glaser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Auditory display as feedback for a novel Eye-Tracking System for sterile operating room interaction
International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 2018Co-Authors: David Black, Nele Fischer, Thomas Neumuth, Michael Unger, Ron Kikinis, Horst Hahn, Bernhard GlaserAbstract:PurposeThe growing number of technical Systems in the operating room has increased attention on developing touchless interaction methods for sterile conditions. However, touchless interaction paradigms lack the tactile feedback found in common input devices such as mice and keyboards. We propose a novel touchless Eye-Tracking interaction System with auditory display as a feedback method for completing typical operating room tasks. Auditory display provides feedback concerning the selected input into the Eye-Tracking System as well as a confirmation of the System response.MethodsAn Eye-Tracking System with a novel auditory display using both earcons and parameter-mapping sonification was developed to allow touchless interaction for six typical scrub nurse tasks. An evaluation with novice participants compared auditory display with visual display with respect to reaction time and a series of subjective measures.ResultsWhen using auditory display to substitute for the lost tactile feedback during Eye-Tracking interaction, participants exhibit reduced reaction time compared to using visual-only display. In addition, the auditory feedback led to lower subjective workload and higher usefulness and System acceptance ratings.ConclusionDue to the absence of tactile feedback for Eye-Tracking and other touchless interaction methods, auditory display is shown to be a useful and necessary addition to new interaction concepts for the sterile operating room, reducing reaction times while improving subjective measures, including usefulness, user satisfaction, and cognitive workload.
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Auditory display as feedback for a novel Eye-Tracking System for sterile operating room interaction
International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 2017Co-Authors: David Black, Nele M. Fischer, Thomas Neumuth, Michael Unger, Horst K. Hahn, Ron Kikinis, Bernhard GlaserAbstract:Purpose The growing number of technical Systems in the operating room has increased attention on developing touchless interaction methods for sterile conditions. However, touchless interaction paradigms lack the tactile feedback found in common input devices such as mice and keyboards. We propose a novel touchless Eye-Tracking interaction System with auditory display as a feedback method for completing typical operating room tasks. Auditory display provides feedback concerning the selected input into the Eye-Tracking System as well as a confirmation of the System response.
