The Experts below are selected from a list of 247899 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jessica D Ayers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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do smartphones create a coordination problem for face to face interaction leveraging game theory to understand and solve the smartphone dilemma
BioEssays, 2020Co-Authors: Athena Aktipis, Roger M Whitaker, Jessica D AyersAbstract:Smartphone use changes the landscape of social interactions, including introducing new social dilemmas to daily life. The challenge of putting down one's smartphone is an example of a classic coordination problem from game theory: the stag hunt game. In a stag hunt game, there are two possible coordination points, one that involves big payoffs for both partners (e.g., working together to hunt large game like stag) and one that involves smaller payoffs for both partners (e.g., individually hunting small game like rabbits) but is safer because it does not require that your partner choose that option as well. This is similar to the challenges of putting down smartphones to have a Face-To-Face interaction: you and your interaction partner might both prefer the higher payoff option of having a Face-To-Face interaction, but neither of you wants to put down your phone and risk not having anything to do in the meantime. It is also discussed how new technological innovations are changing the payoffs of Face-To-Face Conversation versus side-by-side smartphone scrolling. Insights that come from applying game theory to this "social media dilemma" are discussed here and potential solutions that come out of a game theoretic analysis are offered. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/9esL578zM-E.
Satu Valkonen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Smartphone and the changing practices of Face-To-Face interaction.
arXiv: Human-Computer Interaction, 2019Co-Authors: Sanna Raudaskoski, Eerik Mantere, Satu ValkonenAbstract:Smartphone use has grown rapidly, but the ways it shapes concurrent Face-To-Face interaction remains scarcely studied. In our research we have formulated two new concepts to depict this: 1) Sticky media device illustrates situations in which a person using a screen media device is difficult to get fully involved with ongoing Face-To-Face Conversation. Their attention is not easily removed from the "sticky" device or returns to it quickly even if it is momentarily removed. This article adds to the theoretical underpinnings of the concept that we previously described mainly empirically. By 2) bystander inaccessibility we mean the difficulty of a bystander to a smartphone user to be aware of what kind of action the user is undertaking with the device and what the phase of the activity is. Our research is based on the theory of ethnomethodology. In addition to ethnomethodological analysis of interaction, we also apply other reseach methods. We illustrate the phenomena of sticky media device and bystander inaccessibility by analyzing 1) naturalistic video data, 2) written role playing materials and 3) quantitative data, all of which concentrate on the overlapping of smartphone use and Face-To-Face Conversation.
Masahiko Mikuni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Temporal lobe and inferior frontal gyrus dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia during Face-To-Face Conversation: A near-infrared spectroscopy study
Journal of psychiatric research, 2013Co-Authors: Yuichi Takei, Masashi Suda, Yoshiyuki Aoyama, Kosuke Narita, Masato Fukuda, Noriko Sakurai, Miho Yamaguchi, Masahiko MikuniAbstract:Schizophrenia (SC) is marked by poor social-role performance and social-skill deficits that are well reflected in daily Conversation. Although the mechanism underlying these impairments has been investigated by functional neuroimaging, technical limitations have prevented the investigation of brain activation during Conversation in typical clinical situations. To fill this research gap, this study investigated and compared frontal and temporal lobe activation in patients with SC during Face-To-Face Conversation. Frontal and temporal lobe activation in 29 patients and 31 normal controls (NC) (n = 60) were measured during 180-s Conversation periods by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The grand average values of oxyhemoglobin concentration ([oxy-Hb]) changes during task performance were analyzed to determine their correlation with clinical variables and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) subscores. Compared to NCs, patients with SC exhibited decreased performance in the Conversation task and decreased activation in both the temporal lobes and the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during task performance, as indicated by the grand average of [oxy-Hb] changes. The decreased activation in the left temporal lobe was negatively correlated with the PANSS disorganization and negative symptoms subscores and that in the right IFG was negatively correlated with illness duration, PANSS disorganization, and negative symptom subscores. These findings indicate that brain dysfunction in SC during Conversation is related to functional deficits in both the temporal lobes and the right IFG and manifests primarily in the form of disorganized thinking and negative symptomatology.
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Frontopolar activation during Face-To-Face Conversation: an in situ study using near-infrared spectroscopy.
Neuropsychologia, 2009Co-Authors: Masashi Suda, Yuichi Takei, Yoshiyuki Aoyama, Kosuke Narita, Toshimasa Sato, Masato Fukuda, Masahiko MikuniAbstract:Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a functional brain imaging technique for monitoring brain activation in a natural setting using near-infrared light, and hence, is considered to have some advantages for studies of brain function during social interactions such as Face-To-Face Conversation compared with functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, which have methodological constraints for studying brain mechanisms underlying social interactions: subjects have to lie down on a bed in a small gantry during examination. The purpose of this study was to validate the possible use of NIRS as a functional brain imaging technique for studying social interactions in a natural setting; therefore, we investigated frontal and temporal lobe activation during Face-To-Face Conversation in healthy subjects in the sitting position. The frontal and superior temporal regions were activated during Face-To-Face Conversation, with higher activity in the speaking segments than in the mute segments during Conversation particularly in frontopolar NIRS channels. The magnitude of frontopolar activity negatively correlated with the cooperativeness score of the subjects assessed using the temperament and character inventory. These results demonstrated the successful monitoring of brain function during realistic social interactions using NIRS and interindividual differences in frontopolar activity during Conversation in relation to the cooperativeness of an individual.
Masato Fukuda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Near-infrared spectroscopic study of frontopolar activation during Face-To-Face Conversation in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder
Journal of psychiatric research, 2014Co-Authors: Yuichi Takei, Masashi Suda, Yoshiyuki Aoyama, Kosuke Narita, Noriko Sakurai, Minami Tagawa, Tomokazu Motegi, Miho Yamaguchi, Masato FukudaAbstract:Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) patients show speech characteristics that vary greatly according to mood state. In a previous study, we found impaired temporal and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) activation in schizophrenia during Face-To-Face Conversation; no study had, however, previously investigated mood disorders during Face-To-Face Conversation. Here, we investigated frontal and temporal lobe activation during Conversation in patients with MDD and BD. Frontal and temporal lobe activation was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in 29 patients with MDD, 31 patients with BD, and 31 normal controls (NC). We compared continuous activation and rapid change of activation with talk/listen phase changes during the Conversation and analyzed the correlation between these indices and clinical variables. Both the MDD and BD groups showed decreased continuous activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) and left frontopolar cortices (FPCs); they also showed decreased rapid change in bilateral FPC activation. In the MDD group, the rapid change of activation was positively correlated with Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores. In the BD group, continuous activation was negatively correlated with age of onset. These results indicate that frontal activation during Conversation decreases in both MDD and BD. However, both continuous activation and rapid change may reflect the pathophysiological character of MDD and BD; in particular, the reduced amount of rapid change in the right FPC may be related to impaired adaptive ability in MDD.
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Temporal lobe and inferior frontal gyrus dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia during Face-To-Face Conversation: A near-infrared spectroscopy study
Journal of psychiatric research, 2013Co-Authors: Yuichi Takei, Masashi Suda, Yoshiyuki Aoyama, Kosuke Narita, Masato Fukuda, Noriko Sakurai, Miho Yamaguchi, Masahiko MikuniAbstract:Schizophrenia (SC) is marked by poor social-role performance and social-skill deficits that are well reflected in daily Conversation. Although the mechanism underlying these impairments has been investigated by functional neuroimaging, technical limitations have prevented the investigation of brain activation during Conversation in typical clinical situations. To fill this research gap, this study investigated and compared frontal and temporal lobe activation in patients with SC during Face-To-Face Conversation. Frontal and temporal lobe activation in 29 patients and 31 normal controls (NC) (n = 60) were measured during 180-s Conversation periods by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The grand average values of oxyhemoglobin concentration ([oxy-Hb]) changes during task performance were analyzed to determine their correlation with clinical variables and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) subscores. Compared to NCs, patients with SC exhibited decreased performance in the Conversation task and decreased activation in both the temporal lobes and the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during task performance, as indicated by the grand average of [oxy-Hb] changes. The decreased activation in the left temporal lobe was negatively correlated with the PANSS disorganization and negative symptoms subscores and that in the right IFG was negatively correlated with illness duration, PANSS disorganization, and negative symptom subscores. These findings indicate that brain dysfunction in SC during Conversation is related to functional deficits in both the temporal lobes and the right IFG and manifests primarily in the form of disorganized thinking and negative symptomatology.
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Frontopolar activation during Face-To-Face Conversation: an in situ study using near-infrared spectroscopy.
Neuropsychologia, 2009Co-Authors: Masashi Suda, Yuichi Takei, Yoshiyuki Aoyama, Kosuke Narita, Toshimasa Sato, Masato Fukuda, Masahiko MikuniAbstract:Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a functional brain imaging technique for monitoring brain activation in a natural setting using near-infrared light, and hence, is considered to have some advantages for studies of brain function during social interactions such as Face-To-Face Conversation compared with functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, which have methodological constraints for studying brain mechanisms underlying social interactions: subjects have to lie down on a bed in a small gantry during examination. The purpose of this study was to validate the possible use of NIRS as a functional brain imaging technique for studying social interactions in a natural setting; therefore, we investigated frontal and temporal lobe activation during Face-To-Face Conversation in healthy subjects in the sitting position. The frontal and superior temporal regions were activated during Face-To-Face Conversation, with higher activity in the speaking segments than in the mute segments during Conversation particularly in frontopolar NIRS channels. The magnitude of frontopolar activity negatively correlated with the cooperativeness score of the subjects assessed using the temperament and character inventory. These results demonstrated the successful monitoring of brain function during realistic social interactions using NIRS and interindividual differences in frontopolar activity during Conversation in relation to the cooperativeness of an individual.
Gregor Domes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of an eye tracking setup for studying visual attention in Face-To-Face Conversations.
Scientific reports, 2021Co-Authors: Antonia Vehlen, Ines Spenthof, Daniel Tönsing, Markus Heinrichs, Gregor DomesAbstract:Many eye tracking studies use facial stimuli presented on a display to investigate attentional processing of social stimuli. To introduce a more realistic approach that allows interaction between two real people, we evaluated a new eye tracking setup in three independent studies in terms of data quality, short-term reliability and feasibility. Study 1 measured the robustness, precision and accuracy for calibration stimuli compared to a classical display-based setup. Study 2 used the identical measures with an independent study sample to compare the data quality for a photograph of a face (2D) and the face of the real person (3D). Study 3 evaluated data quality over the course of a real Face-To-Face Conversation and examined the gaze behavior on the facial features of the Conversation partner. Study 1 provides evidence that quality indices for the scene-based setup were comparable to those of a classical display-based setup. Average accuracy was better than 0.4° visual angle. Study 2 demonstrates that eye tracking quality is sufficient for 3D stimuli and robust against short interruptions without re-calibration. Study 3 confirms the long-term stability of tracking accuracy during a Face-To-Face interaction and demonstrates typical gaze patterns for facial features. Thus, the eye tracking setup presented here seems feasible for studying gaze behavior in dyadic Face-To-Face interactions. Eye tracking data obtained with this setup achieves an accuracy that is sufficient for investigating behavior such as eye contact in social interactions in a range of populations including clinical conditions, such as autism spectrum and social phobia.
