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Josephine M Clayton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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encouraging early discussion of life expectancy and end of life care a randomised controlled trial of a nurse led Communication support program for patients and caregivers
International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2017Co-Authors: Adam Walczak, Phyllis Butow, Martin H N Tattersall, Patricia M Davidson, Jane M Young, Ronald M Epstein, Daniel S J Costa, Josephine M ClaytonAbstract:Abstract Background Patients are often not given the information needed to understand their prognosis and make informed treatment choices, with many consequently experiencing less than optimal care and quality-of-life at end-of-life. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of a nurse-Facilitated Communication support program for patients with advanced, incurable cancer to assist them in discussing prognosis and end-of-life care. Design A parallel-group randomised controlled trial design was used. Settings This trial was conducted at six cancer treatment centres affiliated with major hospitals in Sydney, Australia. Participants 110 patients with advanced, incurable cancer participated. Methods The Communication support program included guided exploration of a question prompt list, Communication challenges, patient values and concerns and the value of discussing end-of-life care early, with oncologists cued to endorse question-asking and question prompt list use. Patients were randomised after baseline measure completion, a regular oncology consultation was audio-recorded and a follow-up questionnaire was completed one month later. Communication, health-related quality-of-life and satisfaction measures and a manualised consultation-coding scheme were used. Descriptive, Mixed Modelling and Generalised Linear Mixed Modelling analyses were conducted using SPSS version 22. Results Communication support program recipients gave significantly more cues for discussion of prognosis, end-of-life care, future care options and general issues not targeted by the intervention during recorded consultations, but did not ask more questions about these issues or overall. Oncologists' question prompt list and question asking endorsement was inconsistent. Communication support program recipients' self-efficacy in knowing what questions to ask their doctor significantly improved at follow-up while control arm patients' self-efficacy declined. The Communication support program did not impact patients' health-related quality-of-life or the likelihood that their health information or shared decision-making preferences would be met. Satisfaction with the Communication support program was high. Conclusions Given the importance of clarifying prognostic expectations and end-of-life care wishes in the advanced cancer context, the Communication support program appears to be an effective and well-received solution to encourage early information seeking related to these issues though, its long-term impact remains unclear. The manualised nature of the intervention, designed with existing clinical staff in mind, may make it suited for implementation in a clinical setting, though additional work is needed to identify why question asking was unaffected and establish its impact later in the illness trajectory.
Jerome Engel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures and with epilepsy report of the ilae task force on classification and terminology
Epilepsia, 2001Co-Authors: Jerome EngelAbstract:The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) made a major contribution when it established standardized classifications and terminology for epileptic seizures and syndromes. This provided a universal vocabulary that not only Facilitated Communication among clinicians, but also established a taxonomic foundation for performing quantitative clinical and basic research on epilepsy. Much, however, has changed since the adoption of the currently used Classification of Epileptic Seizures in 1981 (1) and the Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes in 1989 (2). Consequently, the Executive Committee of the ILAE, which took office in July 1997, agreed that review and revision of the current classification system would be a priority for this Executive term. A Task Force on Classification and Terminology was appointed, which divided itself into four working groups concerned with Descriptive Terminology for Ictal Events; Seizures; Syndromes and Diseases; and Impairment. During the course of several meetings and vigorous e-mail discussions, the Task Force agreed that it would not be possible to replace the current international classifications with similar revised and updated classifications that would be universally accepted and meet all the clinical and research needs such a formal organizational system would be expected to provide. Rather, the Task Force is proposing a diagnostic scheme that makes use of standardized terminology and concepts to describe individual patients (Table 1). Within this diagnostic scheme, a variety of approaches to classification are possible, and some are presented here by way of example only. The Task Force views the development of specific classifications as a continuing work in progress. Flexible and dynamic classifications will be revised periodically based not only on rapidly emerging new information, but also on the resolution of problems that will inevitably be identified through use. At this point, the proposal does include several definitive changes in concepts and terminology (Table 2), and classifications are presented as examples of what could be devised in the future.
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a proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures and with epilepsy report of the ilae task force on classification and terminology
Epilepsia, 2001Co-Authors: Jerome EngelAbstract:The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) made a major contribution when it established standardized classifications and terminology for epileptic seizures and syndromes. This provided a universal vocabulary that not only Facilitated Communication among clinicians, but also established a taxonomic foundation for performing quantitative clinical and basic research on epilepsy. Much, however, has changed since the adoption of the currently used Classification of Epileptic Seizures in 1981 (1) and the Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes in 1989 (2). Consequently, the Executive Committee of the ILAE, which took office in July 1997, agreed that review and revision of the current classification system would be a priority for this Executive term. A Task Force on Classification and Terminology was appointed, which divided itself into four working groups concerned with Descriptive Terminology for Ictal Events; Seizures; Syndromes and Diseases; and Impairment. During the course of several meetings and vigorous e-mail discussions, the Task Force agreed that it would not be possible to replace the current international classifications with similar revised and updated classifications that would be universally accepted and meet all the clinical and research needs such a formal organizational system would be expected to provide. Rather, the Task Force is proposing a diagnostic scheme that makes use of standardized terminology and concepts to describe individual patients (Table 1). Within this diagnostic scheme, a variety of approaches to classification are possible, and some are presented here by way of example only. The Task Force views the development of specific classifications as a continuing work in progress. Flexible and dynamic classifications will be revised periodically based not only on rapidly emerging new information, but also on the resolution of problems that will inevitably be identified through use. At this point, the proposal does include several definitive changes in concepts and terminology (Table 2), and classifications are presented as examples of what could be devised in the future.
Kei Kitahara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a menu planning support system to facilitate Communication among neighbors
Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 2011Co-Authors: Hideaki Kanai, Kei KitaharaAbstract:The emergence of social networking services on the Internet has Facilitated Communication between people located far away from each other. Through a variety of Web services, people can get together on a virtual platform to video chat, edit documents, and engage in other activities; however, neighboring residents do not always have a chance to meet each other face-to-face. In our research, we focus on people living close to each other and try to encourage them to get together. We have attempted to encourage people to bring along their own ingredients to a get-together for cooking and eating according to "Osusowake," a traditional Japanese ritual. We propose a menu-planning support system that utilizes the shared information of cooking ingredients owned by individuals.
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a menu planning support system to facilitate face to face interactions
2010Co-Authors: Kei Kitahara, Hideaki KanaiAbstract:The emergence of the Internet has Facilitated Communication between people located far away from each other. Through a variety of Web services, people can virtually get together to video chat, edit documents, and engage in other activities; however, people who live close to each other do not always have a chance to meet their neighbours face-to-face. In our research, we focus on people living close to each other and try to encourage them to get together using real objects. We select cooking ingredients, and in this paper, we introduce a menu-planning support system. The system uses shared information of cooking ingredients owned by individuals and tries to encourage people to bring along their own cooking ingredients to a get-together for cooking and eating.
James P Sampson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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computer based career planning systems dreams and realities
Career Development Quarterly, 2001Co-Authors: Joann Harrisbowlsbey, James P SampsonAbstract:The authors look back more than 30 years to those who introduced the use of the computer as an important new tool to assist students in the area of career development. To what extent have dreams been realized and concerns allayed? Rapid advances in technology, not included in the authors' vision, have transformed the world into a different place. How have these advances affected the use of computers in counseling? The article concludes with a list of current concerns, along with recommendations for further action and research. Early in our thinking about this article, we decided to make it not only a summary of facts and findings about the use of the computer as a tool for career planning, from its genesis in 1966 to the end of the millennium, but also a summary of the hopes and dreams of the early developers. We are in a unique position to do both because Harris-Bowlsbey was among the group of first developers, and Sampson is a student of the history, research, and emerging trends of the use of technology to assist individuals with career choice and development. The development of interactive, computer-based career planning (CBCP) systems became technically possible in 1966 when International Business Machines released the first cathode ray tube. This device, a terminal that could be connected to a mainframe computer by a phone line or cable, could be as far away from the computer as 2,000 feet. Thus, interactive script and data could, for the first time, be sent from the computer to the person at the cathode ray tube, and that person could respond either by selection of a multiple-choice response or by free-form writing. This fact set the stage for the construction of interactive exchanges in support of career planning. Super Facilitated Communication among the early developers by means of an annual invitational conference, by editing publications of the early developers (Super, 1970), and by encouraging informal exchanges of papers and results of research and field tests conducted on the various systems. The content of the first part of this article, which addresses the dreams of the early developers, was reconstructed by rereading ComputerAssisted Counseling (Super, 1970), by browsing file copies of papers written by the early developers, and from personal memory. On the basis of this review of literature and memory, Harris-Bowlsbey describes five dreams of the pioneers in this field. Sampson follows by analyzing the design and use of CBCP systems over the past 30 years to shed light on the degree to which those dreams have been fulfilled and to identify areas of contribution to the field that the developers themselves could not or did not foresee. Finally, we combine our thinking to make recommendations for realizing the dreams of early system developers in the twenty-first century. Changing How Counselors Do Their Work CBCP systems had their beginning in the years from 1965 to 1970. During that time at least 12 systems were developed to some level, although not all reached the stage of operation (Myers, 1970). Those systems can be divided into two groups: those intended to use the computer to operationalize what counselors were already doing and those intended to improve on what counselors were doing in some substantial way (Super, 1970). The systems in the first group, illustrated by Autocoun, the Computerized Occupational Information System (COIS), the Education and Career Exploration System (ECES), and the Computerized Vocational Information System (CVIS), analyzed what competent, trained counselors do in their work with students and then tried to emulate or simulate it. The advantages proposed for computer delivery included serving more students with the same number of staff; using the computer to organize, search, and deliver data; using the power of the computer to relate databases of information about students, majors, schools, and occupations to help students make better informed decisions; and making it possible for counselors to deal with higher-level tasks. …
Karin Wendin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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historical continuity or different sensory worlds what we can learn about the sensory characteristics of early modern pharmaceuticals by taking them to a trained sensory panel
Berichte Zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte, 2020Co-Authors: Nilsotto Ahnfelt, Hjalmar Fors, Karin WendinAbstract:Early modern medicine was much more dependent on the senses than its contemporary counterpart. Although a comprehensive medical theory existed that assigned great value to taste and odor of medicaments, historical descriptions of taste and odor appears imprecise and inconsistent to modern eyes. How did historical actors move from subjective experience of taste and odor to culturally stable agreements that Facilitated Communication about the sensory properties of medicaments? This paper addresses this question, not by investigating texts, but by going straight to the sensory impression, which certain substances convey. The aim is not to overwrite or rectify historical descriptions but to investigate whether modern methodologies for sensory assessment can be enlisted to understand the past. We draw on history of science for framing and research questions, pharmaceutical science for knowledge of pharmaceuticals and preparations, and food and meal science for assaying procedures and protocols. We show that sensory evaluation can yield precise descriptions that would not have been alien to early modern medicine makers. However, there are problems with translating descriptions of taste between different historical contexts. By comparing contemporary descriptions of sensations with eighteenth-century ones, the article discusses how sensory descriptions are highly dependent on context, and subject to historical change.
