The Experts below are selected from a list of 2268 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mantosh J. Dewan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Factitious Disorders with psychological symptoms.
The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1992Co-Authors: Prakash S. Masand, Mantosh J. DewanAbstract:BACKGROUND Factitious Disorders with psychological symptoms have been underdiagnosed and hence undertreated. Historically, the literature has focused on Factitious disorder with physical symptoms, particularly Munchausen's syndrome. METHOD The authors report three cases of Factitious disorder with psychological symptoms that had diverse clinical presentations. RESULTS Two of the patients had features of a psychiatric Munchausen's syndrome--being middle-aged, aggressive men who falsified their symptoms, treatments, and backgrounds. The third patient was a younger woman with comorbid substance abuse, dysthymia, and borderline personality disorder. CONCLUSION The authors feel that there is a need for refinement of diagnostic criteria, greater awareness, and evaluation of treatment approaches for this condition.
P Halligan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Factitious Disorders and malingering in relation to functional neurologic Disorders
Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2016Co-Authors: C Bass, P HalliganAbstract:Interest in malingering has grown in recent years, and is reflected in the exponential increase in academic publications since 1990. Although malingering is more commonly detected in medicolegal practice, it is not an all-or-nothing presentation and moreover can vary in the extent of presentation. As a nonmedical disorder, the challenge for clinical practice remains that malingering by definition is intentional and deliberate. As such, clinical skills alone are often insufficient to detect it and we describe psychometric tests such as symptom validity tests and relevant nonmedical investigations. Finally, we describe those areas of neurologic practice where symptom exaggeration and deception are more likely to occur, e.g., postconcussional syndrome, psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, motor weakness and movement Disorders, and chronic pain. Factitious Disorders are rare in clinical practice and their detection depends largely on the level of clinical suspicion supported by the systematic collection of relevant information from a variety of sources. In this chapter we challenge the accepted DSM-5 definition of Factitious disorder and suggest that the traditional glossaries have neglected the extent to which a person's reported symptoms can be considered a product of intentional choice or selective psychopathology largely beyond the subject's voluntary control, or more likely, both. We present evidence to suggest that neurologists preferentially diagnose Factitious presentations in healthcare workers as "hysterical," possibly to avoid the stigma of simulated illness.
Hoyle Leigh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
somatic symptom and related Disorders
2015Co-Authors: Hoyle LeighAbstract:The category of somatic symptom and related Disorders includes somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder), psychological factors affecting other medical conditions, Factitious disorder, and other specified and unspecified somatic symptom and related disorder. Following a historical perspective, somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, conversion disorder, psychological factors affecting other medical conditions, and Factitious Disorders are discussed.
-
primary memetic syndromes eating Disorders Factitious Disorders malingering meme directed destructive behaviors
2010Co-Authors: Hoyle LeighAbstract:The ability to process incoming memes rationally is an important task of human education, and the more able a person is in this capacity, the less likely is the person to be a victim of later infection by an epidemic meme. Nevertheless, there may be highly infectious memes that will infect even the most immunologically competent individuals. Endemic culture of violence in the ghettos is an example of an abundance of toxic memes in geographically segregated areas. Some conditions, such as eating Disorders, may start as a mild meme infection, i.e., imitating others, but then may become a final common pathway syndrome in interaction with existing dormant memes (e.g., low self-esteem) and early gene × meme interaction. Once the syndrome develops, the physiologic effects such as of starvation may create or enhance psychiatric symptoms. Meme-induced pursuit of ideal body weight may trigger off an ancient adaptive gene-derived neurobiologic mechanism to deal with food scarcity. Memes in the environment may at times acquire overwhelming power and infect the brain massively and take over the meme-processing apparatus and co-opt it for their own replication. Such memes may sweep through a whole population in a frenzy, as in mobilizing for war, religious fanaticism, and mass hysteria. In less virulent form, the memes may simply gain epidemic proportions as fads. At the individual level, at times of stress, susceptible individuals may unconsciously adopt behaviors, emotions, or symptoms of others to whom they were exposed in earlier life. These may result in Factitious symptoms or malingering. In the case of suicide, there is clear evidence of an infectious nature of the behavior on top of the often coexisting serious pathology such as depression and psychosis. Suicide can thus be considered to be a final common behavior pathway for various mental conditions, including depression, psychosis, neurotic distress, and situational distress. In a vulnerable individual, or at times of stress-induced vulnerability, suicide memes may take hold and proliferate, leading to the suicidal behavior. Suicide bombing is another example of memetic contagion. In memetically civilized societies, physical violence is often a manifestation of mental retardation, low intelligence, brain damage, or other physical conditions that reduce the effectiveness of the frontal lobes concerned with memetic control of behavior. Irrational beliefs and delusions may be shared memes within a subculture (e.g., religions, cults). Individuals with inadequate meme-processing abilities are likely to accept irrational and often anti-gene memes (e.g., sexual repression, denial of some forms of pleasure). Education geared to evaluate and process memes rationally, i.e., in a way compatible with the adaptive gene-driven requirements, is essential for primary prevention. Encouraging individuals to utilize critical thinking as opposed to blindly following what is fashionable or “group-think” may be sufficient in dealing with fads – in fashion, food, religion, or ideology. Eating Disorders may require both gene- and meme-oriented therapies, including the use of avatars. For malignant memes such as suicide bombing, isolating the brain from sources of memes that support and sustain them, i.e., the pleasure connection, should reduce their reproductive power.
Marc D Feldman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Mathematical modeling of the course and prognosis of Factitious Disorders: A game-theoretic approach
Journal of theoretical biology, 2005Co-Authors: Armin Rashidi, Iman Khodarahmi, Marc D FeldmanAbstract:A mathematical model using simple concepts of repeated games is proposed to model the course and prognosis of Factitious Disorders. Although simple, the model seems capable of explaining the yet unknown mechanisms underlying the variable course of Factitious Disorders. One of the notable results of this study is the significant effect of involved physicians in the treatment process on the course of the disease. Particularly, the doctor's error rate in realizing whether the symptoms are real or Factitious can considerably affect the course of the disease. This is the first paper to apply a mathematical model to Factitious Disorders.
-
virtual Factitious Disorders and munchausen by proxy
Western Journal of Medicine, 1998Co-Authors: Marc D Feldman, M Bibby, S D CritesAbstract:WIM, June 1 998-Vol 168, No. 6 Alerts,~~~~~ ~~ ~~ ~ NoIcs anIaeReot3 measles isnotrequired formatriculation. Students requesting religious, philosophical, ormedical exemption areinformed that they may beexcluded fromclassesandother campusactivities intheeventofameasles outbreak. Withcurrent policies andenforcement procedures inplace, avaccination level ofmore than95%can bemaintained andfuture outbreaks prevented orlimited. Ifsuchpolicies were widely adopted, college students mightbeeliminated as an important sourceof measles transmission. Thiswouldcontribute tothesupportofglobal measles eradication recently explored by theWorldHealthOrganization, thePanAmerican Health Organization, andtheCDC.8Inthat report the participants concluded: Preventing measles outbreaks ismore effective than tryingtocontain them. Massvaccination campaigns undertaken inresponsetooutbreaks areoflimited usefulness ...because suchefforts arecostly, disruptive andoften ineffective bythetimethey areinstituted.8(Pl7S We concurwiththis statement. Withtherecent agreement bytheCDC'simmunizationcommittee andtheAmerican AcademyofPediatrics' Committee onInfectious Diseases torecommend asecond doseofmeaslesvaccine anytimelonger than onemonthafter thefirst, arecent editorial points outthat thequestion oftheoptimal timing forthesecond dose may become mootasthegoalofmeasles eradication is attained inthe21stcentury.9 Inthemeantime, although measles outbreaks arestill apossibility, we supportthe useofPIRstohelp prevent themandtolessen thecostlyeffects ofmeasles outbreaks inacollege setting.
-
the spectrum of Factitious Disorders
1996Co-Authors: Marc D Feldman, Stuart J. EisendrathAbstract:Historical perspectives on the spectrum of sickness: from "crock" to "crook." Current overview of Factitious physical Disorders. Factitious psychological Disorders. Ethical and legal issues in Factitious Disorders: an overview. Factitious Disorders and litigation. Factitious disorder by proxy: clinical features, detection, and management. Comprehensive psychosocial assessment in Factitious disorder by proxy. Legal issues in Factitious disorder by proxy. Hospital epidemics of Factitious disorder by proxy. Personal and interpersonal toll of Factitious Disorders. Management of Factitious Disorders. Index.
-
tangled in the web countertransference in the therapy of Factitious Disorders
International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 1995Co-Authors: Marc D Feldman, Jacqueline Maus FeldmanAbstract:Objective:Patients who simulate or actually self-induce illnesses to assume the “sick role” present a number of imposing psychotherapeutic challenges. The purpose of this article is to discuss the countertransferential reactions that are mobilized in therapy with these patients.Method:Literature searches of the MEDLINE and HEALTH databases were performed using the term “Factitious disorder.” The resulting citations were examined for descriptions of the potential and actual countertransference responses in therapy with such patients. The few citations with relevant material were supplemented with other clinical literature on countertransference as well as observations from cases in which the authors have served as therapists or consultants.Results:Once the medical dissimulation has been exposed, the most conspicuous difficulty is in persuading the patient to agree to therapy. When therapy does take place, both the patient's overt behaviors, such as actual bodily damage, and his or her underlying emotional ...
-
patient or pretender inside the strange world of Factitious Disorders
1993Co-Authors: Marc D Feldman, Charles V Ford, Toni ReinholdAbstract:Terminal by Choice The Longing for Nurturance A Personal Vampire Tailspin: The Development of Factitious Illnesses Taller Tales Were Never Spoken Manipulating Mercury: Fake Fevers Sensational Symptoms If I Should Lie Before I Wake False Accusations Pain for Gain: The Motives Behind the Acts Playing the Madman The Deadliest Game of All: When Factitious Disorders Become Child Abuse Victims of the Great Pretenders The Legal and Ethical Boiling Pot Discovery, Confrontation, Treatment Index.
Prakash S. Masand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Factitious Disorders with psychological symptoms.
The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1992Co-Authors: Prakash S. Masand, Mantosh J. DewanAbstract:BACKGROUND Factitious Disorders with psychological symptoms have been underdiagnosed and hence undertreated. Historically, the literature has focused on Factitious disorder with physical symptoms, particularly Munchausen's syndrome. METHOD The authors report three cases of Factitious disorder with psychological symptoms that had diverse clinical presentations. RESULTS Two of the patients had features of a psychiatric Munchausen's syndrome--being middle-aged, aggressive men who falsified their symptoms, treatments, and backgrounds. The third patient was a younger woman with comorbid substance abuse, dysthymia, and borderline personality disorder. CONCLUSION The authors feel that there is a need for refinement of diagnostic criteria, greater awareness, and evaluation of treatment approaches for this condition.
