The Experts below are selected from a list of 309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
James L. Goodson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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progress toward regional Measles elimination worldwide 2000 2018
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2019Co-Authors: Minal K Patel, Paul A Rota, Claudia Steulet, Laure Dumolard, Katrina Kretsinger, Yoann Nedelec, Samir V Sodha, Marta Gacicdobo, Jeffrey Mcfarland, James L. GoodsonAbstract:In 2010, the World Health Assembly (WHA) set the following three milestones for Measles control to be achieved by 2015: 1) increase routine coverage with the first dose of Measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) among children aged 1 year to ≥90% at the national level and to ≥80% in every district, 2) reduce global annual Measles incidence to less than five cases per 1 million population, and 3) reduce global Measles mortality by 95% from the 2000 estimate* (1). In 2012, WHA endorsed the Global Vaccine Action Plan,† with the objective of eliminating Measles§ in five of the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions by 2020. This report updates a previous report (2) and describes progress toward WHA milestones and regional Measles elimination during 2000-2018. During 2000-2018, estimated MCV1 coverage increased globally from 72% to 86%; annual reported Measles incidence decreased 66%, from 145 to 49 cases per 1 million population; and annual estimated Measles deaths decreased 73%, from 535,600 to 142,300. During 2000-2018, Measles vaccination averted an estimated 23.2 million deaths. However, the number of Measles cases in 2018 increased 167% globally compared with 2016, and estimated global Measles mortality has increased since 2017. To continue progress toward the regional Measles elimination targets, resource commitments are needed to strengthen routine immunization systems, close historical immunity gaps, and improve surveillance. To achieve Measles elimination, all communities and countries need coordinated efforts aiming to reach ≥95% coverage with 2 doses of Measles vaccine (3).
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progress toward regional Measles elimination worldwide 2000 2017
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2018Co-Authors: Alya Dabbagh, Paul A Rota, Rebecca L Laws, Claudia Steulet, Laure Dumolard, Mick N Mulders, Katrina Kretsinger, James Alexander, James L. GoodsonAbstract:In 2010, the World Health Assembly set three milestones for Measles prevention to be achieved by 2015: 1) increase routine coverage with the first dose of Measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) among children aged 1 year to ≥90% at the national level and to ≥80% in every district; 2) reduce global annual Measles incidence to less than five cases per million population; and 3) reduce global Measles mortality by 95% from the 2000 estimate (1).* In 2012, the World Health Assembly endorsed the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP),† with the objective of eliminating Measles§ in four of the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions by 2015 and in five regions by 2020. Countries in all six WHO regions have adopted goals for Measles elimination by 2020. This report describes progress toward global Measles control milestones and regional Measles elimination goals during 2000-2017 and updates a previous report (2). During 2000-2017, estimated MCV1 coverage increased globally from 72% to 85%; annual reported Measles incidence decreased 83%, from 145 to 25 cases per million population; and annual estimated Measles deaths decreased 80%, from 545,174 to 109,638. During this period, Measles vaccination prevented an estimated 21.1 million deaths. However, Measles elimination milestones have not been met, and three regions are experiencing a large Measles resurgence. To make further progress, case-based surveillance needs to be strengthened, and coverage with MCV1 and the second dose of Measles-containing vaccine (MCV2) needs to increase; in addition, it will be important to maintain political commitment and ensure substantial, sustained investments to achieve global and regional Measles elimination goals.
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progress toward regional Measles elimination worldwide 2000 2015
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2016Co-Authors: Minal K Patel, Peter M. Strebel, Paul A Rota, Alya Dabbagh, Laure Dumolard, Mick N Mulders, Katrina Kretsinger, Marta Gacicdobo, Jeanmarie Okwobele, James L. GoodsonAbstract:Adopted in 2000, United Nations Millennium Development Goal 4 set a target to reduce child mortality by two thirds by 2015, with Measles vaccination coverage as one of the progress indicators. In 2010, the World Health Assembly (WHA) set three milestones for Measles control by 2015: 1) increase routine coverage with the first dose of Measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) for children aged 1 year to ≥90% nationally and ≥80% in every district; 2) reduce global annual Measles incidence to <5 cases per 1 million population; and 3) reduce global Measles mortality by 95% from the 2000 estimate (1,2).* In 2012, WHA endorsed the Global Vaccine Action Plan† with the objective to eliminate Measles in four World Health Organization (WHO) regions by 2015. Countries in all six WHO regions have adopted Measles elimination goals. Measles elimination is the absence of endemic Measles transmission in a region or other defined geographical area for ≥12 months in the presence of a well performing surveillance system. This report updates a previous report (3) and describes progress toward global Measles control milestones and regional Measles elimination goals during 2000-2015. During this period, annual reported Measles incidence decreased 75%, from 146 to 36 cases per 1 million persons, and annual estimated Measles deaths decreased 79%, from 651,600 to 134,200. However, none of the 2015 milestones or elimination goals were met. Countries and their partners need to act urgently to secure political commitment, raise the visibility of Measles, increase vaccination coverage, strengthen surveillance, and mitigate the threat of decreasing resources for immunization once polio eradication is achieved.
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Measles
Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2016Co-Authors: Paul A Rota, William J. Moss, Makoto Takeda, Rik L. De Swart, Kimberly M. Thompson, James L. GoodsonAbstract:Measles is an infectious disease in humans caused by the Measles virus (MeV). Before the introduction of an effective Measles vaccine, virtually everyone experienced Measles during childhood. Symptoms of Measles include fever and maculopapular skin rash accompanied by cough, coryza and/or conjunctivitis. MeV causes immunosuppression, and severe sequelae of Measles include pneumonia, gastroenteritis, blindness, Measles inclusion body encephalitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Case confirmation depends on clinical presentation and results of laboratory tests, including the detection of anti-MeV IgM antibodies and/or viral RNA. All current Measles vaccines contain a live attenuated strain of MeV, and great progress has been made to increase global vaccination coverage to drive down the incidence of Measles. However, endemic transmission continues in many parts of the world. Measles remains a considerable cause of childhood mortality worldwide, with estimates that >100,000 fatal cases occur each year. Case fatality ratio estimates vary from 5% in developing countries. All six WHO regions have set goals to eliminate endemic transmission of MeV by achieving and maintaining high levels of vaccination coverage accompanied by a sensitive surveillance system. Because of the availability of a highly effective and relatively inexpensive vaccine, the monotypic nature of the virus and the lack of an animal reservoir, Measles is considered a candidate for eradication. Measles is an infectious disease caused by the Measles virus. In this Primer, Rota et al. cover the pathophysiology and management options, with a focus on the strategies to eliminate endemic transmission of the Measles virus by achieving a high level of vaccination coverage
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Measles 50 Years After Use of Measles Vaccine.
Infectious disease clinics of North America, 2015Co-Authors: James L. Goodson, Jane F. SewardAbstract:In response to severe Measles, the first Measles vaccine was licensed in the United States in 1963. Widespread use of Measles vaccines for more than 50 years has significantly reduced global Measles morbidity and mortality. However, Measles virus continues to circulate, causing infection, illness, and an estimated 400 deaths worldwide each day. Measles is preventable by vaccine, and humans are the only reservoir. Clinicians should promote and provide on-time vaccination for all patients and keep Measles in their differential diagnosis of febrile rash illness for rapid case detection, confirmation of Measles infection, isolation, treatment, and appropriate public health response.
Paul A Rota - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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progress toward regional Measles elimination worldwide 2000 2018
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2019Co-Authors: Minal K Patel, Paul A Rota, Claudia Steulet, Laure Dumolard, Katrina Kretsinger, Yoann Nedelec, Samir V Sodha, Marta Gacicdobo, Jeffrey Mcfarland, James L. GoodsonAbstract:In 2010, the World Health Assembly (WHA) set the following three milestones for Measles control to be achieved by 2015: 1) increase routine coverage with the first dose of Measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) among children aged 1 year to ≥90% at the national level and to ≥80% in every district, 2) reduce global annual Measles incidence to less than five cases per 1 million population, and 3) reduce global Measles mortality by 95% from the 2000 estimate* (1). In 2012, WHA endorsed the Global Vaccine Action Plan,† with the objective of eliminating Measles§ in five of the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions by 2020. This report updates a previous report (2) and describes progress toward WHA milestones and regional Measles elimination during 2000-2018. During 2000-2018, estimated MCV1 coverage increased globally from 72% to 86%; annual reported Measles incidence decreased 66%, from 145 to 49 cases per 1 million population; and annual estimated Measles deaths decreased 73%, from 535,600 to 142,300. During 2000-2018, Measles vaccination averted an estimated 23.2 million deaths. However, the number of Measles cases in 2018 increased 167% globally compared with 2016, and estimated global Measles mortality has increased since 2017. To continue progress toward the regional Measles elimination targets, resource commitments are needed to strengthen routine immunization systems, close historical immunity gaps, and improve surveillance. To achieve Measles elimination, all communities and countries need coordinated efforts aiming to reach ≥95% coverage with 2 doses of Measles vaccine (3).
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progress toward regional Measles elimination worldwide 2000 2017
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2018Co-Authors: Alya Dabbagh, Paul A Rota, Rebecca L Laws, Claudia Steulet, Laure Dumolard, Mick N Mulders, Katrina Kretsinger, James Alexander, James L. GoodsonAbstract:In 2010, the World Health Assembly set three milestones for Measles prevention to be achieved by 2015: 1) increase routine coverage with the first dose of Measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) among children aged 1 year to ≥90% at the national level and to ≥80% in every district; 2) reduce global annual Measles incidence to less than five cases per million population; and 3) reduce global Measles mortality by 95% from the 2000 estimate (1).* In 2012, the World Health Assembly endorsed the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP),† with the objective of eliminating Measles§ in four of the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions by 2015 and in five regions by 2020. Countries in all six WHO regions have adopted goals for Measles elimination by 2020. This report describes progress toward global Measles control milestones and regional Measles elimination goals during 2000-2017 and updates a previous report (2). During 2000-2017, estimated MCV1 coverage increased globally from 72% to 85%; annual reported Measles incidence decreased 83%, from 145 to 25 cases per million population; and annual estimated Measles deaths decreased 80%, from 545,174 to 109,638. During this period, Measles vaccination prevented an estimated 21.1 million deaths. However, Measles elimination milestones have not been met, and three regions are experiencing a large Measles resurgence. To make further progress, case-based surveillance needs to be strengthened, and coverage with MCV1 and the second dose of Measles-containing vaccine (MCV2) needs to increase; in addition, it will be important to maintain political commitment and ensure substantial, sustained investments to achieve global and regional Measles elimination goals.
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perspective on global Measles epidemiology and control and the role of novel vaccination strategies
Viruses, 2017Co-Authors: Melissa M Coughlin, Andrew S Beck, Bettina Bankamp, Paul A RotaAbstract:Measles is a highly contagious, vaccine preventable disease. Measles results in a systemic illness which causes profound immunosuppression often leading to severe complications. In 2010, the World Health Assembly declared that Measles can and should be eradicated. Measles has been eliminated in the Region of the Americas, and the remaining five regions of the World Health Organization (WHO) have adopted Measles elimination goals. Significant progress has been made through increased global coverage of first and second doses of Measles-containing vaccine, leading to a decrease in global incidence of Measles, and through improved case based surveillance supported by the WHO Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network. Improved vaccine delivery methods will likely play an important role in achieving Measles elimination goals as these delivery methods circumvent many of the logistic issues associated with subcutaneous injection. This review highlights the status of global Measles epidemiology, novel Measles vaccination strategies, and describes the pathway toward Measles elimination.
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progress toward regional Measles elimination worldwide 2000 2015
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2016Co-Authors: Minal K Patel, Peter M. Strebel, Paul A Rota, Alya Dabbagh, Laure Dumolard, Mick N Mulders, Katrina Kretsinger, Marta Gacicdobo, Jeanmarie Okwobele, James L. GoodsonAbstract:Adopted in 2000, United Nations Millennium Development Goal 4 set a target to reduce child mortality by two thirds by 2015, with Measles vaccination coverage as one of the progress indicators. In 2010, the World Health Assembly (WHA) set three milestones for Measles control by 2015: 1) increase routine coverage with the first dose of Measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) for children aged 1 year to ≥90% nationally and ≥80% in every district; 2) reduce global annual Measles incidence to <5 cases per 1 million population; and 3) reduce global Measles mortality by 95% from the 2000 estimate (1,2).* In 2012, WHA endorsed the Global Vaccine Action Plan† with the objective to eliminate Measles in four World Health Organization (WHO) regions by 2015. Countries in all six WHO regions have adopted Measles elimination goals. Measles elimination is the absence of endemic Measles transmission in a region or other defined geographical area for ≥12 months in the presence of a well performing surveillance system. This report updates a previous report (3) and describes progress toward global Measles control milestones and regional Measles elimination goals during 2000-2015. During this period, annual reported Measles incidence decreased 75%, from 146 to 36 cases per 1 million persons, and annual estimated Measles deaths decreased 79%, from 651,600 to 134,200. However, none of the 2015 milestones or elimination goals were met. Countries and their partners need to act urgently to secure political commitment, raise the visibility of Measles, increase vaccination coverage, strengthen surveillance, and mitigate the threat of decreasing resources for immunization once polio eradication is achieved.
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Measles
Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2016Co-Authors: Paul A Rota, William J. Moss, Makoto Takeda, Rik L. De Swart, Kimberly M. Thompson, James L. GoodsonAbstract:Measles is an infectious disease in humans caused by the Measles virus (MeV). Before the introduction of an effective Measles vaccine, virtually everyone experienced Measles during childhood. Symptoms of Measles include fever and maculopapular skin rash accompanied by cough, coryza and/or conjunctivitis. MeV causes immunosuppression, and severe sequelae of Measles include pneumonia, gastroenteritis, blindness, Measles inclusion body encephalitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Case confirmation depends on clinical presentation and results of laboratory tests, including the detection of anti-MeV IgM antibodies and/or viral RNA. All current Measles vaccines contain a live attenuated strain of MeV, and great progress has been made to increase global vaccination coverage to drive down the incidence of Measles. However, endemic transmission continues in many parts of the world. Measles remains a considerable cause of childhood mortality worldwide, with estimates that >100,000 fatal cases occur each year. Case fatality ratio estimates vary from 5% in developing countries. All six WHO regions have set goals to eliminate endemic transmission of MeV by achieving and maintaining high levels of vaccination coverage accompanied by a sensitive surveillance system. Because of the availability of a highly effective and relatively inexpensive vaccine, the monotypic nature of the virus and the lack of an animal reservoir, Measles is considered a candidate for eradication. Measles is an infectious disease caused by the Measles virus. In this Primer, Rota et al. cover the pathophysiology and management options, with a focus on the strategies to eliminate endemic transmission of the Measles virus by achieving a high level of vaccination coverage
William J. Bellini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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outbreak of Measles among persons with prior evidence of immunity new york city 2011
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Jennifer B Rosen, William J. Bellini, Paul A Rota, Jennifer S Rota, Carole J Hickman, Sun B Sowers, Sara Mercader, Ada J Huang, Margaret K Doll, Jane R ZuckerAbstract:BACKGROUND Measles was eliminated in the United States through high vaccination coverage and a public health system able to rapidly respond to Measles. Measles may occur among vaccinated individuals, but secondary transmission from such individuals has not been documented. METHODS Suspected patients and contacts exposed during a Measles outbreak in New York City in 2011 were investigated. Medical histories and immunization records were obtained. Cases were confirmed by detection of Measles-specific immunoglobulin M and/or RNA. Tests for Measles immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG avidity, measurement of Measles neutralizing antibody titers, and genotyping were performed to characterize the cases. RESULTS The index patient had 2 doses of Measles-containing vaccine; of 88 contacts, 4 secondary patients were confirmed who had either 2 doses of Measles-containing vaccine or a past positive Measles IgG antibody. All patients had laboratory confirmation of Measles infection, clinical symptoms consistent with Measles, and high-avidity IgG antibody characteristic of a secondary immune response. Neutralizing antibody titers of secondary patients reached >80 000 mIU/mL 3-4 days after rash onset and that of the index was <500 mIU/mL 9 days after rash onset. No additional cases of Measles occurred among 231 contacts of secondary patients. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of Measles transmission from a twice-vaccinated individual with documented secondary vaccine failure. The clinical presentation and laboratory data of the index patient were typical of Measles in a naive individual. Secondary patients had robust anamnestic antibody responses. No tertiary cases occurred despite numerous contacts. This outbreak underscores the need for thorough epidemiologic and laboratory investigation of suspected cases of Measles regardless of vaccination status.
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Seroprevalence of Measles antibody in the US population, 1999-2004.
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2007Co-Authors: Geraldine M. Mcquillan, William J. Bellini, Deanna Kruszon-moran, Terri B. Hyde, Bagher Forghani, Gustavo H. DayanAbstract:BACKGROUND Endemic Measles transmission was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000. To ensure that elimination can be maintained, high population immunity must be sustained and monitored. Testing for Measles antibody was included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative survey, conducted during 1999-2004. METHODS A Measles-specific immunoassay was used to measure the seroprevalence of Measles antibody in NHANES participants 6-49 years of age. For analysis, participants were grouped by birth cohort. RESULTS During 1999-2004, the rate of Measles seropositivity in the population overall was 95.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 95.1%-96.5%). The highest seroprevalence of Measles antibody was in non-Hispanic blacks (98.6% [95% CI, 98.0%-99.1%]). Those born during 1967-1976 had significantly lower levels of Measles antibody (92.4% [95% CI, 90.8%-93.9%]) than did the other birth cohorts. Independent predictors of Measles seropositivity in the 1967-1976 birth cohort were non-Hispanic/black race/ethnicity, more than a high school education, having health insurance, and birth outside the United States. CONCLUSIONS Measles seropositivity was uniformly high in the US population during 1999-2004. Nearly all population subgroups had evidence of Measles seropositivity levels greater than the estimated threshold necessary to sustain Measles elimination. Non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans born during 1967-1976 had the lowest Measles seropositivity levels and represent populations that might be at increased risk for Measles disease if the virus were reintroduced into the United States.
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Seroprevalence of Measles antibody in the US population, 1999-2004. Commentaries
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2007Co-Authors: Walter A. Orenstein, William J. Bellini, Deanna Kruszon-moran, Terri B. Hyde, Bagher Forghani, Peter M. Strebel, Alan R. Hinman, Geraldine M. Mcqvillan, Gustavo H. DayanAbstract:Background. Endemic Measles transmission was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000. To ensure that elimination can be maintained, high population immunity must be sustained and monitored. Testing for Measles antibody was included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative survey, conducted during 1999-2004. Methods. A Measles-specific immunoassay was used to measure the seroprevalence of Measles antibody in NHANES participants 6-49 years of age. For analysis, participants were grouped by birth cohort. Results. During 1999-2004, the rate of Measles seropositivity in the population overall was 95.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 95.1%-96.5%). The highest seroprevalence of Measles antibody was in non-Hispanic blacks (98.6% [95% CI, 98.0%-99.1%]). Those born during 1967-1976 had significantly lower levels of Measles antibody (92.4% [95% CI, 90.8%-93.9%]) than did the other birth cohorts. Independent predictors of Measles seropositivity in the 1967-1976 birth cohort were non-Hispanic/black race/ethnicity, more than a high school education, having health insurance, and birth outside the United States. Conclusions. Measles seropositivity was uniformly high in the US population during 1999-2004. Nearly all population subgroups had evidence of Measles seropositivity levels greater than the estimated threshold necessary to sustain Measles elimination. Non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans born during 1967-1976 had the lowest Measles seropositivity levels and represent populations that might be at increased risk for Measles disease if the virus were reintroduced into the United States.
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Immunogenicity of Measles and Rubella Vaccines in Oman: A Prospective Clinical Trial
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2003Co-Authors: Kathryn A. Kohler, William J. Bellini, Ali Jaffer M. Suleiman, Susan E. Robertson, Pradeep Malankar, Saleh Al-khusaiby, Rita F. Helfand, David W. Brown, Roland W. SutterAbstract:A prospective immunogenicity trial of Measles and rubella vaccines was conducted in Oman. Children received Measles vaccine at age 9 months and Measles-rubella vaccine at age 15 months. Serum specimens were tested for Measles-specific IgG and rubella-specific IgG. Of 1025 eligible infants, 881 (86.0%) returned for all five visits and had adequate serum samples for testing. Seroconversion to Measles after vaccination at 9 months was 98.1%. At 15 months, 47 (5.3%) of the 881 children were seronegative for Measles; of these, 44 (93.6%) seroconverted. At 16 months, 99% of the children seronegative at age 9 months seroconverted after receiving two doses of Measles vaccine. At age 15 months, 684 (77.6%) children were seronegative for rubella. Of these, 676 (98.8%) seroconverted by age 16 months. One dose of Measles vaccine at age 9 months was highly immunogenic. One dose of Measles-rubella vaccine at age 15 months closed the remaining Measles immunogenicity gap and resulted in a high rate of rubella seroconversion.
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evaluation of recombinant vaccinia virus Measles vaccines in infant rhesus macaques with preexisting Measles antibody
Virology, 2000Co-Authors: Yongde Zhu, William J. Bellini, Paul A Rota, Linda S Wyatt, Azaibi Tamin, Shmuel Rozenblatt, Nicholas W Lerche, Bernard Moss, Michael M McchesneyAbstract:Immunization of newborn infants with standard Measles vaccines is not effective because of the presence of maternal antibody. In this study, newborn rhesus macaques were immunized with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing Measles virus hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins, using the replication-competent WR strain of vaccinia virus or the replication-defective MVA strain. The infants were boosted at 2 months and then challenged intranasally with Measles virus at 5 months of age. Some of the newborn monkeys received Measles immune globulin (MIG) prior to the first immunization, and these infants were compared to additional infants that had maternal Measles-neutralizing antibody. In the absence of Measles antibody, vaccination with either vector induced neutralizing antibody, cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses to Measles virus and protection from systemic Measles infection and skin rash. The infants vaccinated with the MVA vector developed lower Measles-neutralizing antibody titers than those vaccinated with the WR vector, and they sustained a transient Measles viremia upon challenge. Either maternal antibody or passively transferred MIG blocked the humoral response to vaccination with both WR and MVA, and the frequency of positive CTL responses was reduced. Despite this inhibition of vaccine-induced immunity, there was a reduction in peak viral loads and skin rash after Measles virus challenge in many of the infants with preexisting Measles antibody. Therefore, vaccination using recombinant vectors such as poxviruses may be able to prevent the severe disease that often accompanies Measles in infants.
Jan Lycke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of live attenuated Measles vaccine and Measles infection on Measles antibody levels in serum and csf of patients with multiple sclerosis or clinically isolated syndrome
Journal of Neuroimmunology, 2011Co-Authors: Cecilia Ahlgren, Anders Oden, Sara Haghighi, Oluf Andersen, Tomas Bergstrom, Jan LyckeAbstract:High occurrence of Measles, rubella and varicella zoster antibodies has been used as a biomarker for MS (the MRZ test). We analyzed Measles antibody titres with respect to Measles infection/Measles vaccination status in 166 patients with MS or clinically isolated syndrome. Fifty blood donors served as controls. Measles vaccination yielded CSF Measles antibodies in fewer patients (62%) than Measles infection did (87%, p=0.001) and yielded lower Measles titres in both serum and CSF (p<0.001). Controls had lower CSF Measles titres than patients with Measles vaccination alone (p<0.001). Childhood vaccinations probably reduce the sensitivity of the MRZ diagnostic test for MS.
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The effect of live, attenuated Measles vaccine and Measles infection on Measles antibody levels in serum and CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis or clinically isolated syndrome.
Journal of neuroimmunology, 2011Co-Authors: Cecilia Ahlgren, Anders Oden, Sara Haghighi, Oluf Andersen, Tomas Bergstrom, Jan LyckeAbstract:High occurrence of Measles, rubella and varicella zoster antibodies has been used as a biomarker for MS (the MRZ test). We analyzed Measles antibody titres with respect to Measles infection/Measles vaccination status in 166 patients with MS or clinically isolated syndrome. Fifty blood donors served as controls. Measles vaccination yielded CSF Measles antibodies in fewer patients (62%) than Measles infection did (87%, p=0.001) and yielded lower Measles titres in both serum and CSF (p
William J. Moss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Measles.
Lancet (London England), 2017Co-Authors: William J. MossAbstract:Measles is a highly contagious disease that results from infection with Measles virus and is still responsible for more than 100 000 deaths every year, down from more than 2 million deaths annually before the introduction and widespread use of Measles vaccine. Measles virus is transmitted by the respiratory route and illness begins with fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis followed by a characteristic rash. Complications of Measles affect most organ systems, with pneumonia accounting for most Measles-associated morbidity and mortality. The management of patients with Measles includes provision of vitamin A. Measles is best prevented through vaccination, and the major reductions in Measles incidence and mortality have renewed interest in regional elimination and global eradication. However, urgent efforts are needed to increase stagnating global coverage with two doses of Measles vaccine through advocacy, education, and the strengthening of routine immunisation systems. Use of combined Measles-rubella vaccines provides an opportunity to eliminate rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. Ongoing research efforts, including the development of point-of-care diagnostics and microneedle patches, will facilitate progress towards Measles elimination and eradication.
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Measles
Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2016Co-Authors: Paul A Rota, William J. Moss, Makoto Takeda, Rik L. De Swart, Kimberly M. Thompson, James L. GoodsonAbstract:Measles is an infectious disease in humans caused by the Measles virus (MeV). Before the introduction of an effective Measles vaccine, virtually everyone experienced Measles during childhood. Symptoms of Measles include fever and maculopapular skin rash accompanied by cough, coryza and/or conjunctivitis. MeV causes immunosuppression, and severe sequelae of Measles include pneumonia, gastroenteritis, blindness, Measles inclusion body encephalitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Case confirmation depends on clinical presentation and results of laboratory tests, including the detection of anti-MeV IgM antibodies and/or viral RNA. All current Measles vaccines contain a live attenuated strain of MeV, and great progress has been made to increase global vaccination coverage to drive down the incidence of Measles. However, endemic transmission continues in many parts of the world. Measles remains a considerable cause of childhood mortality worldwide, with estimates that >100,000 fatal cases occur each year. Case fatality ratio estimates vary from 5% in developing countries. All six WHO regions have set goals to eliminate endemic transmission of MeV by achieving and maintaining high levels of vaccination coverage accompanied by a sensitive surveillance system. Because of the availability of a highly effective and relatively inexpensive vaccine, the monotypic nature of the virus and the lack of an animal reservoir, Measles is considered a candidate for eradication. Measles is an infectious disease caused by the Measles virus. In this Primer, Rota et al. cover the pathophysiology and management options, with a focus on the strategies to eliminate endemic transmission of the Measles virus by achieving a high level of vaccination coverage
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Measles.
Lancet (London England), 2011Co-Authors: William J. Moss, Diane E. GriffinAbstract:Measles is a highly contagious disease caused by Measles virus and is one of the most devastating infectious diseases of man--Measles was responsible for millions of deaths annually worldwide before the introduction of the Measles vaccines. Remarkable progress in reducing the number of people dying from Measles has been made through Measles vaccination, with an estimated 164,000 deaths attributed to Measles in 2008. This achievement attests to the enormous importance of Measles vaccination to public health. However, this progress is threatened by failure to maintain high levels of Measles vaccine coverage. Recent Measles outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, and the USA show the ease with which Measles virus can re-enter communities if high levels of population immunity are not sustained. The major challenges for continued Measles control and eventual eradication will be logistical, financial, and the garnering of sufficient political will. These challenges need to be met to ensure that future generations of children do not die of Measles.
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Global Measles elimination
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2006Co-Authors: William J. Moss, Diane E. GriffinAbstract:Measles remains a leading vaccine-preventable cause of child mortality in Africa and Asia, and continues to cause outbreaks in industrialized countries. Remarkable progress in reducing Measles incidence and mortality has been made in resource-poor countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, as a consequence of increasing Measles vaccine coverage and provision of a second opportunity for Measles vaccination through supplementary immunization activities. Measles virus (MV) is highly infectious, requiring a high level of population immunity to interrupt transmission, and might be more difficult to eliminate in regions of high population density and high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The global elimination of Measles has been debated since the 1960's, shortly after Measles vaccines were first licensed. Criteria necessary for disease eradication include: first, humans must be required for virus transmission; second, sensitive and specific diagnostic tools must exist; and finally an effective intervention must be available. Measles is thought by many experts to meet all of these criteria Measles vaccines are safe, effective and have interrupted MV transmission in large geographic areas, providing a suitable tool for global Measles elimination. The ideal Measles vaccine would be inexpensive, safe, heat-stable, immunogenic in neonates or very young infants, administered as a single dose without needle or syringe, and would not prime individuals for atypical Measles or be associated with prolonged immunosuppression. Several vaccine candidates with some of these characteristics are undergoing development. A significant challenge to global Measles elimination efforts will be to maintain the resources, political will and public confidence to implement Measles vaccination and surveillance programmes. Safe and effective vaccines are available that could be used to eradicate Measles, which is a primary cause of childhood vaccine-preventable deaths worldwide. This article reviews the pathogenesis of this deadly disease and the prospects for its elimination. Measles remains a leading vaccine-preventable cause of child mortality worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where almost half of the estimated 454,000 Measles deaths in 2004 occurred. However, great progress in Measles control has been made in resource-poor countries through accelerated Measles-control efforts. The global elimination of Measles has been debated since Measles vaccines were first licensed in the 1960's, and this debate is likely to be renewed if polio virus is eradicated. This review discusses the pathogenesis of Measles and the likelihood of the worldwide elimination of this disease.
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Global Measles elimination.
Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2006Co-Authors: William J. Moss, Diane E. GriffinAbstract:Measles remains a leading vaccine-preventable cause of child mortality worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where almost half of the estimated 454,000 Measles deaths in 2004 occurred. However, great progress in Measles control has been made in resource-poor countries through accelerated Measles-control efforts. The global elimination of Measles has been debated since Measles vaccines were first licensed in the 1960's, and this debate is likely to be renewed if polio virus is eradicated. This review discusses the pathogenesis of Measles and the likelihood of the worldwide elimination of this disease.
