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Ramadhanil Pitopang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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forest aboveground biomass along an elevational transect in sulawesi indonesia and the role of Fagaceae in tropical montane rain forests
Journal of Biogeography, 2010Co-Authors: Heike Culmsee, Christoph Leuschner, Gerald Moser, Ramadhanil PitopangAbstract:Aim This study investigates how estimated tree aboveground biomass (AGB) of tropical montane rain forests varies with elevation, and how this variation is related to elevational change in floristic composition, phylogenetic community structure and the biogeography of the dominant tree taxa. Location Lore Lindu National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Methods Floristic inventories and stand structural analyses were conducted on 13 plots (each 0.24 ha) in four old-growth forest stands at 1050, 1400, 1800 and 2400 m a.s.l. (submontane to upper montane elevations). Tree AGB estimates were based on d.b.h., height and wood specific gravity. Phylogenetic diversity and biogeographical patterns were analysed based on tree family composition weighted by AGB. Elevational trends in AGB were compared with other Southeast Asian and Neotropical transect studies (n = 7). Results AGB was invariant from sub- to mid-montane elevation (309–301 Mg ha−1) and increased slightly to 323 Mg ha−1 at upper montane elevation. While tree and canopy height decreased, wood specific gravity increased. Magnoliids accounted for most of the AGB at submontane elevations, while eurosids I (including Fagaceae) contributed substantially to AGB at all elevations. Phylogenetic diversity was highest at upper montane elevations, with co-dominance of tree ferns, Podocarpaceae, Trimeniaceae and asterids/euasterids II, and was lowest at lower/mid-montane elevations, where Fagaceae contributed > 50% of AGB. Biogeographical patterns showed a progression from dominant tropical families at submontane to tropical Fagaceae (Castanopsis, Lithocarpus) at lower/mid-montane, and to conifers and Australasian endemics at upper montane elevations. Cross-continental comparisons revealed an elevational AGB decrease in transects with low/no presence of Fagaceae, but relatively high AGB in montane forests with moderate to high abundance of this family. Main conclusions AGB is determined by both changes in forest structure and shifts in species composition. In our study, these two factors traded off so that there was no net change in AGB, even though there were large changes in forest structure and composition along the elevational gradient. Southeast Asian montane rain forests dominated by Fagaceae constitute important carbon stocks. The importance of biogeography and species traits for biomass estimation should be considered by initiatives to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) and in taxon choice in reforestation for carbon offsetting.
Mauro Centritto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fagaceae tree species allocate higher fraction of nitrogen to photosynthetic apparatus than Leguminosae in Jianfengling tropical montane rain forest, China.
PloS one, 2018Co-Authors: Jingchao Tang, Ruimei Cheng, Zuomin Shi, Shirong Liu, Mauro CentrittoAbstract:Variation in photosynthetic-nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) is generally affected by several factors such as leaf nitrogen allocation and leaf diffusional conductances to CO2, although it is still unclear which factors significantly affect PNUE in tropical montane rain forest trees. In this study, comparison of PNUE, photosynthetic capacity, leaf nitrogen allocation, and diffusional conductances to CO2 between five Fagaceae tree species and five Leguminosae tree species were analyzed in Jianfengling tropical montane rain forest, Hainan Island, China. The result showed that PNUE of Fagaceae was significantly higher than that of Leguminosae (+35.5%), attributed to lower leaf nitrogen content per area (Narea, -29.4%). The difference in nitrogen allocation was the main biochemical factor that influenced interspecific variation in PNUE of these tree species. Fagaceae species allocated a higher fraction of leaf nitrogen to the photosynthetic apparatus (PP, +43.8%), especially to Rubisco (PR, +50.0%) and bioenergetics (PB +33.3%) in comparison with Leguminosae species. Leaf mass per area (LMA) of Leguminosae species was lower than that of Fagaceae species (-15.4%). While there was no significant difference shown for mesophyll conductance (gm), Fagaceae tree species may have greater chloroplast to total leaf surface area ratios and that offset the action of thicker cell walls on gm. Furthermore, weak negative relationship between nitrogen allocation in cell walls and in Rubisco was found for Castanopsis hystrix, Cyclobalanopsis phanera and Cy. patelliformis, which might imply that nitrogen in the leaves was insufficient for both Rubisco and cell walls. In summary, our study concluded that higher PNUE might contribute to the dominance of most Fagaceae tree species in Jianfengling tropical montane rain forest.
José Lima-brito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular characterization of Fagaceae species using inter-primer binding site (iPBS) markers.
Molecular biology reports, 2018Co-Authors: João Coutinho, Ana Carvalho, Antonio Martín, José Lima-britoAbstract:Retrotransposons (RTNs) contribute for genome evolution, influencing its size and structure. We investigated the utility of the RTN-based markers inter-primer binding site (iPBS) for the molecular characterization of 25 Fagaceae species from genera Castanea, Fagus and Quercus. The assessment of genetic diversity, relationships and structure, as well as taxonomic classification of Fagaceae based on molecular data is important for definition of conservation, forestry management strategies and discrimination among natural hybrids and their parents since natural hybridization may increase with the climate changes. Here, iPBS primers designed by other authors were tested alone and combined. Some of them were discriminative, revealed polymorphism within and among taxa allowing the production of a total of 150 iPBS markers. In addition, several monomorphic iPBS markers were also amplified in each taxon. The UPGMA dendrogram based on the pooled iPBS data revealed 27% of genetic similarity among species. The individuals were clustered per genus and most of the oaks per infrageneric group corroborating the adopted taxonomy. Globally, the iPBS markers demonstrated suitability for DNA fingerprinting, determination of phylogenies and taxonomic discrimination in Fagaceae, and could constitute a useful and alternative tool for germplasm characterization, and for definition of conservation strategies and forestry management. Moreover, these markers would be useful for fingerprinting natural hybrids that share morphological similarities with their parents. Since iPBS markers could also enable insights about RTNs evolution, an eventual correlation among iPBS polymorphism, variability of RTN insertions and/or genome size in Fagaceae is discussed.
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Taxonomic and ecological discrimination of Fagaceae species based on internal transcribed spacer polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism
AoB PLANTS, 2014Co-Authors: João Coutinho, Ana Carvalho, José Lima-britoAbstract:The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA has been used to confirm taxonomic classifications and define phylogenies in several plant species following sequencing or polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) techniques. In this study, co-dominant ITS PCR-RFLP molecular markers were produced in 30 Fagaceae individuals belonging to the Castanea, Fagus and Quercus genera in order to assess the potential of this technique for taxonomic discrimination and determination of phylogenies. The complete ITS region (ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2) was amplified in most of the Fagaceae individuals as a single fragment of ∼700 bp. The ITS amplified products were digested with nine restriction enzymes, but only four (HaeIII, HpaII, TaqI and Sau96I) produced polymorphic/discriminative patterns. The total expected heterozygosity (HE) was 20.31 % and the gene diversity (I), 32.97 %. The ITS polymorphism was higher within the Quercus genus (85.3 %). The ITS PCR-RFLP markers clustered the Fagaceae species according to genus or infrageneric group (in the case of Quercus sp. individuals). Five oaks did not cluster in line with the adopted infrageneric classification, but three of these were grouped according to their actual ecological distributions. The ITS PCR-RFLP markers indicated their potential for phylogenetic studies since all Fagaceae individuals were discriminated according to genus, and most of the oaks were clustered according to infrageneric group or ecological area.
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Genetic diversity assessment and estimation of phylogenetic relationships among 26 Fagaceae species using ISSRs
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2014Co-Authors: João Coutinho, Ana Carvalho, José Lima-britoAbstract:The family Fagaceae includes several species and presents huge genetic variability. In the last two decades, several genetic studies about phylogenetics and genetic diversity of Fagaceae have emerged. ISSR markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 26 species of Fagaceae belonging to the genera Castanea, Fagus and Quercus. Among several primers tested, 17 were selected for the evaluation of diversity and estimation of genetic relationships. A total of 371 ISSR markers were produced and each primer revealed high polymorphism. Specific ISSR markers for the Quercus infrageneric groups were amplified. ISSRs proved to be a reliable tool for the discrimination of the analyzed species per genus, infrageneric group and/or ecological origin.
Teresa Alfaro Reyna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recent dynamics of Fagaceae and pinaceae in temperate forests in mexico and worldwide
2019Co-Authors: Teresa Alfaro ReynaAbstract:The temperate forests are distributed in the northern hemisphere and are dominated mainly by Pinaceae and Fagaceae. In recent decades, several studies have documented the decline of these forests and the rapid changes they are experiencing because of climate change and anthropogenic disturbances. These studies indicate that, in many cases, the species of Fagaceae are invading areas that were previously dominated by Pinaceae. The main objective of this PhD thesis has been to analyze the relative dynamics of Pinaceae and Fagaceae in temperate forests, both globally and specifically in the case of Mexico, to understand the recent dynamics of these forests and how can be modified in a context of climate change. On a global scale, the specific objectives were: (1a) to establish if there is a directional substitution of Pinaceae by Fagaceae and if this substitution is consistent for all the large biogeographic regions with temperate forests; (1b) to determine whether these directional changes are associated with specific climatic conditions or reflect differences in the historical management of forests between regions. In the case of Mexican forests, the objectives were: (2a) to evaluate if there was a directional change in the relative abundance of Pinaceae compared to Fagaceae in Mexican pine-oak forests; (2b) to identify the environmental factors that determine the recent growth dynamics of Pinaceae and Fagaceae in the study area; (3a) to evaluate the spatial distribution of the recent Pinaceae and Fagaceae regeneration in pure and mixed forests of both groups of species to determine if the current patterns of regeneration suggest directional changes in forest composition; and (3b) to identify the environmental factors that determine the regeneration dynamics of Pinaceae and Fagaceae in these forests, including climatic factors, forest structure and the impact of management and the main disturbances. To achieve these objectives, we used bibliographic data, repeated sampling data from the National Inventory of Forests and Soils of Mexico, and statistical models. We combined analysis of factors and processes at different spatiotemporal scales. At the global level we found that there is a trend of directional change from Pinaceae to Fagaceae in most of the temperate forests of the world that have been studied. This trend is especially pronounced in Europe and East Asia, and much less clear in eastern North America. The drivers of vegetation change were climate stress, succession dynamics and, to a lesser extent, anthropogenic disturbances. Transitions from Fagaceae to Pinaceae were more common in forests under natural disturbance regimes. In the temperate Mexican forests there is no clear directional pattern showing changes in the relative abundance of Pinaceae and Fagaceae in the tree layer. Growth patterns, however, provide evidence that Fagaceae species are being favored by temperature increases, while Pinaceae are being negatively affected in warmer environments. The spatial patterns of regeneration are affected by forest structure, by climate and by the history of disturbances and land tenure. The regeneration of Fagaceae is in general more abundant than that of Pinaceae and is favored mainly by warm temperatures and presence of fires. Overall, our results suggest an increase in the abundance of Fagaceae to the detriment of Pinaceae in the medium term, especially in the context of climate change. These changes could have important impacts on the functioning of forests and their resilience to environmental changes.
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Is there a substitution of Pinaceae by Fagaceae in temperate forests at the global scale
Global and Planetary Change, 2018Co-Authors: Teresa Alfaro Reyna, Javier Retana, Jordi Martínez-vilaltaAbstract:Abstract Reports on forest decline, changes in species composition and the distribution of forests in response to changes in climate and land use are increasing worldwide. Temperate forests are largely dominated by two tree families: Pinaceae and Fagaceae. These two families have distinct functional properties and different responses to environmental factors. Several local and regional assessments, particularly in Europe, have found that species of Fagaceae are invading areas previously dominated by Pinaceae. The main aim of this synthesis study is to analyze the relative dynamics of Pinaceae and Fagaceae species in temperate forests around the world, with the following specific objectives: (1) establish if there is a consistent directional substitution of Pinaceae by Fagaceae worldwide; and (2) determine whether these directional changes are associated with specific climatic conditions or certain geographic regions, reflecting differences in historical forest management and land use. A bibliographic review was performed and 51 papers were found that met the search criteria, including a total of 121 case studies in which the relative dynamics of Pinaceae and Fagaceae were evaluated. Our results show that the relative abundance of Fagaceae increased in 71% of cases (P → F dynamics), whereas Pinaceae relative abundance increased in 17% of cases (F → P) and 12% of cases did not show clear changes. Increases of Fagaceae relative to Pinaceae were less clear in areas where vegetation dynamics were driven by natural disturbances. Our results indicate a widespread increase in dominance of Fagaceae species at the expense of Pinaceae across northern temperate forests, with the exception of Eastern North America. The potential implications for ecosystem function and forest resilience under ongoing climate change are large and clearly deserve further study.
Heike Culmsee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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forest aboveground biomass along an elevational transect in sulawesi indonesia and the role of Fagaceae in tropical montane rain forests
Journal of Biogeography, 2010Co-Authors: Heike Culmsee, Christoph Leuschner, Gerald Moser, Ramadhanil PitopangAbstract:Aim This study investigates how estimated tree aboveground biomass (AGB) of tropical montane rain forests varies with elevation, and how this variation is related to elevational change in floristic composition, phylogenetic community structure and the biogeography of the dominant tree taxa. Location Lore Lindu National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Methods Floristic inventories and stand structural analyses were conducted on 13 plots (each 0.24 ha) in four old-growth forest stands at 1050, 1400, 1800 and 2400 m a.s.l. (submontane to upper montane elevations). Tree AGB estimates were based on d.b.h., height and wood specific gravity. Phylogenetic diversity and biogeographical patterns were analysed based on tree family composition weighted by AGB. Elevational trends in AGB were compared with other Southeast Asian and Neotropical transect studies (n = 7). Results AGB was invariant from sub- to mid-montane elevation (309–301 Mg ha−1) and increased slightly to 323 Mg ha−1 at upper montane elevation. While tree and canopy height decreased, wood specific gravity increased. Magnoliids accounted for most of the AGB at submontane elevations, while eurosids I (including Fagaceae) contributed substantially to AGB at all elevations. Phylogenetic diversity was highest at upper montane elevations, with co-dominance of tree ferns, Podocarpaceae, Trimeniaceae and asterids/euasterids II, and was lowest at lower/mid-montane elevations, where Fagaceae contributed > 50% of AGB. Biogeographical patterns showed a progression from dominant tropical families at submontane to tropical Fagaceae (Castanopsis, Lithocarpus) at lower/mid-montane, and to conifers and Australasian endemics at upper montane elevations. Cross-continental comparisons revealed an elevational AGB decrease in transects with low/no presence of Fagaceae, but relatively high AGB in montane forests with moderate to high abundance of this family. Main conclusions AGB is determined by both changes in forest structure and shifts in species composition. In our study, these two factors traded off so that there was no net change in AGB, even though there were large changes in forest structure and composition along the elevational gradient. Southeast Asian montane rain forests dominated by Fagaceae constitute important carbon stocks. The importance of biogeography and species traits for biomass estimation should be considered by initiatives to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) and in taxon choice in reforestation for carbon offsetting.
