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Sandro Lovari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Avoidance of Fallow Deer by roe Deer may not be habitat-dependent
    Hystrix-italian Journal of Mammalogy, 2012
    Co-Authors: Francesco Ferretti, Andrea Sforzi, Sandro Lovari
    Abstract:

    Information is scarce on behavioural interference between wild ungulates. In particular, data are lacking on relationships between interference and habitat use. We analysed habitat correlates of behavioural interactions between Fallow Deer Dama dama and roe Deer Capreolus capreolus at feeding, in a Mediterranean area. Previous research has shown that behavioural interference between these Deer, with the former dominant over the latter, occurred also through direct aggression. Here we show that, for roe Deer, the probability of being displaced by Fallow Deer did not depend on the habitat where the Deer meet. Interspecific encounters, thus interactions, were the most frequent in the habitat mainly used by roe Deer, i.e. the set-aside grassland. When in the habitats most used by Fallow Deer (pastures and crops), roe Deer experienced a greater risk of suffering a displacement. The rate of intolerance encounters increased in spring, when habitat overlap occurred because Fallow Deer intensified the use of set-aside. Our results suggest that, most likely, avoidance of Fallow Deer by roe Deer is not habitat-dependent.

  • behavioural interference between ungulate species roe are not on velvet with Fallow Deer
    Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Francesco Ferretti, Andrea Sforzi, Sandro Lovari
    Abstract:

    Interference is expected to occur at feeding areas between species with a similar diet, but few studies have tested this idea for wild ungulates. We analysed interactions between Fallow Deer, European roe Deer and wild boar, in three sites, in a Mediterranean area. We expected that interference should be greater between Deer than between them and wild boar. We documented the negative effects of behavioural interference by Fallow on foraging behaviour of roe Deer, under field conditions. Deer species built up 90% interference interactions, with Fallow always dominant on roe, also through direct aggression. Although roe Deer decreased feeding and increased vigilance levels in proximity (<50 m) of either Fallow Deer or wild boar, they were displaced significantly more often by the former than by the latter. Fallow Deer were neither displaced nor alarmed by roe and rarely by wild boar. No Deer species displaced wild boar. Interference was significantly greater on solitary roe Deer, especially females, in spring and roe left the feeding ground most often in the smallest site (13 ha). Roe Deer avoided areas where the local density of Fallow Deer was the highest. During our 4-year-study, roe Deer density decreased whereas Fallow Deer numbers increased. Behavioural interference may explain how Fallow Deer outcompete roe Deer through spatial exclusion from feeding sites and avoidance of areas with high densities of the former. Fallow Deer evolved in semi-arid, relatively poor habitats of Asia Minor: interspecific defence of crucial resources could have developed as a beneficial tactic for its survival.

Angela L. Lamb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The relationship between the phosphate and structural carbonate fractionation of Fallow Deer bioapatite in tooth enamel.
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2018
    Co-Authors: Holly Miller, Ruth F. Carden, Angela L. Lamb, Carolyn Chenery, Hilary J. Sloane, Levent Atici, Naomi Sykes
    Abstract:

    RATIONALE The species-specific relationship between phosphate (δ18 OP values) and structural carbonate (δ18 OC values) oxygen isotope ratios has been established for several modern and fossil animal species but until now it has not been investigated in European Fallow Deer (Dama dama dama). This study describes the relationship between phosphate and structural carbonate bioapatite in tooth enamel of extant Fallow Deer, which will help us further understand the species' unique environmental and cultural history. METHODS The oxygen isotope composition of phosphate (δ18 OP value) and structural carbonate (δ18 OC value) of hydroxylapatite was determined in 51 modern Fallow Deer tooth enamel samples from across Europe and West Asia. The δ18 OC values were measured on a GV IsoPrime dual-inlet mass spectrometer and the δ18 OP values on a temperature-controlled elemental analyser (TC/EA) coupled to a DeltaPlus XL isotope ratio mass spectrometer via a ConFlo III interface. RESULTS This study establishes a direct and linear relationship between the δ18 OC and δ18 OP values from Fallow Deer tooth enamel (δ18 OC  = +9.244(±0.216) + 0.958 * δ18 OP (±0.013)). Despite the successful regression, the variation in δ18 O values from samples collected in the same geographical area is greater than expected, although the results cluster in broad climatic groupings when Koppen-Geiger classifications are taken into account for the individuals' locations. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive study of the relationship between ionic forms of oxygen (phosphate oxygen and structural carbonate) in Fallow Deer dental enamel. The new equation will allow direct comparison with other herbivore data. Variable δ18 O values within populations of Fallow Deer broadly reflect the ecological zones they are found in which may explain this pattern of results in other euryphagic species.

  • Ireland's Fallow Deer : their historical, archaeological and biomolecular records.
    Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology Culture History Literature, 2018
    Co-Authors: Fiona Beglane, Holly Miller, Ruth F. Carden, Angela L. Lamb, Karis Baker, A. Rus Hoelzel, Rita Mhig Fhionnghaile, Naomi Sykes
    Abstract:

    The Anglo-Normans first introduced Fallow Deer (Dama dama) to Ireland in the thirteenth century, however no biomolecular research has previously been undertaken to examine the timing, circumstances and impact of the arrival of this species. This study combines historical, zooarchaeological, genetic and iso-topic data from both medieval and post-medieval samples to address this lack of research. The paper identifies a peak in the presence of Fallow Deer in Ireland between the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, with a corresponding peak in documentary evidence for their presence in the thirteenth century. The Deer are predominantly male, and from castle sites, supporting the historical evidence for their link with elite hunting. The English origin of the source populations shows correspondence between the documentary evidence, suggesting a western bias—and genetic evidence—with a similarity to southern and western England. Furthermore a stable isotope study identifies two possible first-generation imports, one dating from the medieval period and one from the post-medieval period.

  • Both introduced and extinct: the Fallow Deer of Roman Mallorca
    Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2016
    Co-Authors: Alejandro Valenzuela, Holly Miller, Ruth F. Carden, Jane Evans, Angela L. Lamb, Richard Madgwick, Karis Baker, Thomas Higham, A. Rus Hoelzel, Josep Antoni Alcover
    Abstract:

    The archaeological record concerning the distribution and timing of Fallow Deer translocation across the Mediterranean has been growing in the last years. This knowledge has provided important insights into the movement, trade patterns and ideology of past societies. Unfortunately, the dispersal of Fallow Deer to the western part of the Mediterranean is insufficiently understood. To fill this gap, this article presents the results of a multidisciplinary investigation (combining the zooarchaeological evidence with AMS radiocarbon dating, isotope analyses and preliminary aDNA results) from a set of remains recovered from archaeological sites on Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean). The purpose is to explore the timing, circumstances and meaning of the Fallow Deer's introduction to this island, as well as their subsequent management and extirpation. The results of these proxies confirm the arrival of the Fallow Deer during the Roman period and, after a short expansion with the establishment of vivaria, its disappearance after the Byzantine period.

  • Dead or alive? Investigating long-distance transport of live Fallow Deer and their body parts in antiquity
    Environmental Archaeology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Holly Miller, Ruth F. Carden, Jane Evans, Angela L. Lamb, Richard Madgwick, David Osborne, Robert Symmons, Naomi Sykes
    Abstract:

    The extent to which breeding populations of Fallow Deer were established in Roman Europe has been obscured by the possibility that the skeletal remains of the species, in particular Dama foot bones and antlers, were traded over long distances as objects in their own right. This paper sets out to refine our understanding of the evidence for the transportation of living and dead Fallow Deer in Iron Age and Roman Europe. To achieve this, museum archives containing purportedly early examples of Dama antler were searched, with available specimens sampled for carbon, nitrogen and strontium isotope analyses, and compared with data for archaeological Fallow Deer from across Europe. Importantly, the resulting isotope values can be interpreted in light of new modern baseline data for Fallow Deer presented here. Together these multi-isotope results for modern and archaeological Fallow Deer provide a more critical perspective on the transportation of Fallow Deer and their body parts in antiquity.

  • Fallow Deer dama dama dama management in roman south east britain
    Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2013
    Co-Authors: Richard Madgwick, Holly Miller, Robert Symmons, Naomi Sykes, James Morris, Angela L. Lamb
    Abstract:

    This paper presents new carbon, nitrogen and sulphur isotope data for European Fallow Deer (Dama dama dama) in Roman Britain and discusses results in light of evidence from classical texts, landscape archaeology, zooarchaeology and the limited available samples of metric data. The new isotope data presented here are from Fishbourne Roman Palace (Sussex), two sites on the Isle of Thanet (Kent) and a further two sites in London. In spite of small sample sizes the data make an important contribution to the very limited corpus of scientific research on the species and provide new resolution to the nature of Fallow Deer movement and management in Roman Britain.

Marta Alonsohearn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sensitive and specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detecting serum antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in Fallow Deer
    Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 2014
    Co-Authors: J Prieto, Liam E Fitzgerald, Naiara Abendano, Ana Balseiro, Rosa Casais, Joseba M. Garrido, Ramon A Juste, Marta Alonsohearn
    Abstract:

    The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the diagnostic test most commonly used in efforts to control paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants. However, commercial ELISAs have not been validated for detecting antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in wild animals. In this study, we compared the sensitivities and specificities of five ELISAs using individual serum samples collected from 41 Fallow Deer with or without histopathological lesions consistent with paratuberculosis. Two target antigenic preparations were selected, an ethanol-treated protoplasmic preparation obtained from a Fallow Deer M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolate (ELISAs A and B) and a paratuberculosis protoplasmic antigen (PPA3) (ELISAs C and D). Fallow Deer antibodies bound to the immobilized antigens were detected by using a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-Fallow Deer IgG antibody (ELISAs A and C) or HRP-conjugated protein G (ELISAs B and D). A commercially available assay, ELISA-E, which was designed to detect M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antibodies in cattle, sheep, and goats, was also tested. Although ELISAs A, C, and E had the same sensitivity (72%), ELISAs A and C were more specific (100%) for detecting Fallow Deer with lesions consistent with paratuberculosis at necropsy than was the ELISA-E (87.5%). In addition, the ELISA-A was particularly sensitive for detecting Fallow Deer in the latent stages of infection (62.5%). The antibody responses detected with the ELISA-A correlated with both the severity of enteric lesions and the presence of acid-fast bacteria in gut tissue samples. In summary, our study shows that the ELISA-A can be a cost-effective diagnostic tool for preventing the spread of paratuberculosis among Fallow Deer populations.

Francesco Ferretti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Avoidance of Fallow Deer by roe Deer may not be habitat-dependent
    Hystrix-italian Journal of Mammalogy, 2012
    Co-Authors: Francesco Ferretti, Andrea Sforzi, Sandro Lovari
    Abstract:

    Information is scarce on behavioural interference between wild ungulates. In particular, data are lacking on relationships between interference and habitat use. We analysed habitat correlates of behavioural interactions between Fallow Deer Dama dama and roe Deer Capreolus capreolus at feeding, in a Mediterranean area. Previous research has shown that behavioural interference between these Deer, with the former dominant over the latter, occurred also through direct aggression. Here we show that, for roe Deer, the probability of being displaced by Fallow Deer did not depend on the habitat where the Deer meet. Interspecific encounters, thus interactions, were the most frequent in the habitat mainly used by roe Deer, i.e. the set-aside grassland. When in the habitats most used by Fallow Deer (pastures and crops), roe Deer experienced a greater risk of suffering a displacement. The rate of intolerance encounters increased in spring, when habitat overlap occurred because Fallow Deer intensified the use of set-aside. Our results suggest that, most likely, avoidance of Fallow Deer by roe Deer is not habitat-dependent.

  • Roe and Fallow Deer: are they compatible neighbours?
    European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2011
    Co-Authors: Francesco Ferretti, Andrea Sforzi, Gabriele Bertoldi, Lorenzo Fattorini
    Abstract:

    The analysis of the relationships between population density and habitat features is important to evaluate the ecological needs of a species, its potential impact on ecosystems and its interspecific interactions. We analysed the spatial variation of roe Deer Capreolus capreolus and Fallow Deer Dama dama densities in a Mediterranean area in summer 2007 and winter 2007/2008. Previous research has shown that Fallow Deer can actively displace and exclude roe Deer from natural feeding sites. Here we show that both species have the greatest densities in ecotone habitats between wood and open fields (abandoned olive groves and pastures), but with contrasting geographic patterns. The Fallow Deer showed the greatest densities in the central northern part of the study area near to local historical release sites. The densities of roe Deer were great where Fallow Deer were rare and low where Fallow Deer were abundant. Spatial overlap was great at the habitat scale, indicating a high potential for competition, but was low at the plot scale, suggesting that partitioning of space occurred at a fine scale. Supporting great numbers of Deer, the ecotone areas are crucial for the management of ecosystems. We suggest that roe Deer avoid areas with great densities of Fallow Deer and that interspecific interference from the latter affects the density and distribution of the former both at a fine and at a large scale.

  • behavioural interference between ungulate species roe are not on velvet with Fallow Deer
    Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Francesco Ferretti, Andrea Sforzi, Sandro Lovari
    Abstract:

    Interference is expected to occur at feeding areas between species with a similar diet, but few studies have tested this idea for wild ungulates. We analysed interactions between Fallow Deer, European roe Deer and wild boar, in three sites, in a Mediterranean area. We expected that interference should be greater between Deer than between them and wild boar. We documented the negative effects of behavioural interference by Fallow on foraging behaviour of roe Deer, under field conditions. Deer species built up 90% interference interactions, with Fallow always dominant on roe, also through direct aggression. Although roe Deer decreased feeding and increased vigilance levels in proximity (<50 m) of either Fallow Deer or wild boar, they were displaced significantly more often by the former than by the latter. Fallow Deer were neither displaced nor alarmed by roe and rarely by wild boar. No Deer species displaced wild boar. Interference was significantly greater on solitary roe Deer, especially females, in spring and roe left the feeding ground most often in the smallest site (13 ha). Roe Deer avoided areas where the local density of Fallow Deer was the highest. During our 4-year-study, roe Deer density decreased whereas Fallow Deer numbers increased. Behavioural interference may explain how Fallow Deer outcompete roe Deer through spatial exclusion from feeding sites and avoidance of areas with high densities of the former. Fallow Deer evolved in semi-arid, relatively poor habitats of Asia Minor: interspecific defence of crucial resources could have developed as a beneficial tactic for its survival.

  • Roe and Fallow Deer: are they compatible neighbours?
    European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2011
    Co-Authors: Francesco Ferretti, Andrea Sforzi, Gabriele Bertoldi, Lorenzo Fattorini
    Abstract:

    The analysis of the relationships between population density and habitat features is important to evaluate the ecological needs of a species, its potential impact on ecosystems and its interspecific interactions. We analysed the spatial variation of roe Deer and Fallow Deer densities in a Mediterranean area in summer 2007 and winter 2007/2008. Previous research has shown that Fallow Deer can actively displace and exclude roe Deer from natural feeding sites. Here we show that both species have the greatest densities in ecotone habitats between wood and open fields (abandoned olive groves and pastures), but with contrasting geographic patterns. The Fallow Deer showed the greatest densities in the central northern part of the study area near to local historical release sites. The densities of roe Deer were great where Fallow Deer were rare and low where Fallow Deer were abundant. Spatial overlap was great at the habitat scale, indicating a high potential for competition, but was low at the plot scale, suggesting that partitioning of space occurred at a fine scale. Supporting great numbers of Deer, the ecotone areas are crucial for the management of ecosystems. We suggest that roe Deer avoid areas with great densities of Fallow Deer and that interspecific interference from the latter affects the density and distribution of the former both at a fine and at a large scale.

Naomi Sykes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The relationship between the phosphate and structural carbonate fractionation of Fallow Deer bioapatite in tooth enamel.
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2018
    Co-Authors: Holly Miller, Ruth F. Carden, Angela L. Lamb, Carolyn Chenery, Hilary J. Sloane, Levent Atici, Naomi Sykes
    Abstract:

    RATIONALE The species-specific relationship between phosphate (δ18 OP values) and structural carbonate (δ18 OC values) oxygen isotope ratios has been established for several modern and fossil animal species but until now it has not been investigated in European Fallow Deer (Dama dama dama). This study describes the relationship between phosphate and structural carbonate bioapatite in tooth enamel of extant Fallow Deer, which will help us further understand the species' unique environmental and cultural history. METHODS The oxygen isotope composition of phosphate (δ18 OP value) and structural carbonate (δ18 OC value) of hydroxylapatite was determined in 51 modern Fallow Deer tooth enamel samples from across Europe and West Asia. The δ18 OC values were measured on a GV IsoPrime dual-inlet mass spectrometer and the δ18 OP values on a temperature-controlled elemental analyser (TC/EA) coupled to a DeltaPlus XL isotope ratio mass spectrometer via a ConFlo III interface. RESULTS This study establishes a direct and linear relationship between the δ18 OC and δ18 OP values from Fallow Deer tooth enamel (δ18 OC  = +9.244(±0.216) + 0.958 * δ18 OP (±0.013)). Despite the successful regression, the variation in δ18 O values from samples collected in the same geographical area is greater than expected, although the results cluster in broad climatic groupings when Koppen-Geiger classifications are taken into account for the individuals' locations. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive study of the relationship between ionic forms of oxygen (phosphate oxygen and structural carbonate) in Fallow Deer dental enamel. The new equation will allow direct comparison with other herbivore data. Variable δ18 O values within populations of Fallow Deer broadly reflect the ecological zones they are found in which may explain this pattern of results in other euryphagic species.

  • Ireland's Fallow Deer : their historical, archaeological and biomolecular records.
    Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology Culture History Literature, 2018
    Co-Authors: Fiona Beglane, Holly Miller, Ruth F. Carden, Angela L. Lamb, Karis Baker, A. Rus Hoelzel, Rita Mhig Fhionnghaile, Naomi Sykes
    Abstract:

    The Anglo-Normans first introduced Fallow Deer (Dama dama) to Ireland in the thirteenth century, however no biomolecular research has previously been undertaken to examine the timing, circumstances and impact of the arrival of this species. This study combines historical, zooarchaeological, genetic and iso-topic data from both medieval and post-medieval samples to address this lack of research. The paper identifies a peak in the presence of Fallow Deer in Ireland between the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, with a corresponding peak in documentary evidence for their presence in the thirteenth century. The Deer are predominantly male, and from castle sites, supporting the historical evidence for their link with elite hunting. The English origin of the source populations shows correspondence between the documentary evidence, suggesting a western bias—and genetic evidence—with a similarity to southern and western England. Furthermore a stable isotope study identifies two possible first-generation imports, one dating from the medieval period and one from the post-medieval period.

  • Dead or alive? Investigating long-distance transport of live Fallow Deer and their body parts in antiquity
    Environmental Archaeology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Holly Miller, Ruth F. Carden, Jane Evans, Angela L. Lamb, Richard Madgwick, David Osborne, Robert Symmons, Naomi Sykes
    Abstract:

    The extent to which breeding populations of Fallow Deer were established in Roman Europe has been obscured by the possibility that the skeletal remains of the species, in particular Dama foot bones and antlers, were traded over long distances as objects in their own right. This paper sets out to refine our understanding of the evidence for the transportation of living and dead Fallow Deer in Iron Age and Roman Europe. To achieve this, museum archives containing purportedly early examples of Dama antler were searched, with available specimens sampled for carbon, nitrogen and strontium isotope analyses, and compared with data for archaeological Fallow Deer from across Europe. Importantly, the resulting isotope values can be interpreted in light of new modern baseline data for Fallow Deer presented here. Together these multi-isotope results for modern and archaeological Fallow Deer provide a more critical perspective on the transportation of Fallow Deer and their body parts in antiquity.

  • Fallow Deer dama dama dama management in roman south east britain
    Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2013
    Co-Authors: Richard Madgwick, Holly Miller, Robert Symmons, Naomi Sykes, James Morris, Angela L. Lamb
    Abstract:

    This paper presents new carbon, nitrogen and sulphur isotope data for European Fallow Deer (Dama dama dama) in Roman Britain and discusses results in light of evidence from classical texts, landscape archaeology, zooarchaeology and the limited available samples of metric data. The new isotope data presented here are from Fishbourne Roman Palace (Sussex), two sites on the Isle of Thanet (Kent) and a further two sites in London. In spite of small sample sizes the data make an important contribution to the very limited corpus of scientific research on the species and provide new resolution to the nature of Fallow Deer movement and management in Roman Britain.

  • tracking animals using strontium isotopes in teeth the role of Fallow Deer dama dama in roman britain
    Antiquity, 2006
    Co-Authors: Naomi Sykes, Judith White, Tina E Hayes, Martin R Palmer
    Abstract:

    Using strontium isotope measurements on the teeth of Fallow Deer found at Fishbourne, the authors argue that these elegant creatures were first introduced into Britain as a gift to the Romanised aristocracy. Kept and bred in a special enclosure at the palace, they provided more than a status symbol and gastronomic treat: the Fallow Deer was an emblem of Empire.