The Experts below are selected from a list of 65781 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ch Erie Part - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Modelling Farm Animal Welfare
Animals, 2013Co-Authors: Lisa Collins, Ch Erie PartAbstract:The use of models in the life sciences has greatly expanded in scope and advanced in technique in recent decades. However, the range, type and complexity of models used in Farm Animal welfare is comparatively poor, despite the great scope for use of modeling in this field of research. In this paper, we review the different modeling approaches used in Farm Animal welfare science to date, discussing the types of questions they have been used to answer, the merits and problems associated with the method, and possible future applications of each technique. We find that the most frequently published types of model used in Farm Animal welfare are conceptual and assessment models; two types of model that are frequently (though not exclusively) based on expert opinion. Simulation, optimization, scenario, and systems modeling approaches are rarer in Animal welfare, despite being commonly used in other related fields. Finally, common issues such as a lack of quantitative data to parameterize models, and model selection and validation are discussed throughout the review, with possible solutions and alternative approaches suggested.
Lisa Collins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Modelling Farm Animal Welfare
Animals, 2013Co-Authors: Lisa Collins, Ch Erie PartAbstract:The use of models in the life sciences has greatly expanded in scope and advanced in technique in recent decades. However, the range, type and complexity of models used in Farm Animal welfare is comparatively poor, despite the great scope for use of modeling in this field of research. In this paper, we review the different modeling approaches used in Farm Animal welfare science to date, discussing the types of questions they have been used to answer, the merits and problems associated with the method, and possible future applications of each technique. We find that the most frequently published types of model used in Farm Animal welfare are conceptual and assessment models; two types of model that are frequently (though not exclusively) based on expert opinion. Simulation, optimization, scenario, and systems modeling approaches are rarer in Animal welfare, despite being commonly used in other related fields. Finally, common issues such as a lack of quantitative data to parameterize models, and model selection and validation are discussed throughout the review, with possible solutions and alternative approaches suggested.
Yrjö T. Gröhn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Model or meal? Farm Animal populations as models for infectious diseases of humans
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Cristina Lanzas, Patrick Ayscue, Renata Ivanek, Yrjö T. GröhnAbstract:Although small-Animal models have been very useful for the investigation of diseases, disease transmission is difficult to study in these models. Lanzas and colleagues describe how Farm Animals can be used to study transmission of diseases and how they allow for the design of transmission models. In recent decades, theory addressing the processes that underlie the dynamics of infectious diseases has progressed considerably. Unfortunately, the availability of empirical data to evaluate these theories has not grown at the same pace. Although laboratory Animals have been widely used as models at the organism level, they have been less appropriate for addressing issues at the population level. However, Farm Animal populations can provide empirical models to study infectious diseases at the population level. Mathematical models based on ecological and evolutionary theory are used to study pathogen invasion, persistence and evolution and to aid public-health decision making. Empirical data are crucial for assessing whether assumptions of mathematical models hold true and under what conditions model predictions are valid. Empirical data can be obtained from field or experimental settings using biological models of Animal diseases. The use of Animal models to describe population-scale disease dynamics and their feedback interactions has been limited. Farm Animal populations, coupled with mathematical models, are well-suited model systems to study infectious diseases dynamics at the population level. Factors contributing to disease outbreaks and heterogeneities that lead to differences in infectiousness and transmission dynamics are common to both Animal and human settings. In Farm Animal populations, infection challenge and transmission experiments can be carried out, and large-scale and long-term field data can be gathered on the same host–pathogen system. Thus, model systems that span several organizational levels can be obtained. Examples of host–pathogen model systems derived from Farm Animal populations are found in research areas such as the evolutionary epidemiology of vaccines and antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of new pathogens.
Cristina Lanzas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Model or meal? Farm Animal populations as models for infectious diseases of humans
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Cristina Lanzas, Patrick Ayscue, Renata Ivanek, Yrjö T. GröhnAbstract:Although small-Animal models have been very useful for the investigation of diseases, disease transmission is difficult to study in these models. Lanzas and colleagues describe how Farm Animals can be used to study transmission of diseases and how they allow for the design of transmission models. In recent decades, theory addressing the processes that underlie the dynamics of infectious diseases has progressed considerably. Unfortunately, the availability of empirical data to evaluate these theories has not grown at the same pace. Although laboratory Animals have been widely used as models at the organism level, they have been less appropriate for addressing issues at the population level. However, Farm Animal populations can provide empirical models to study infectious diseases at the population level. Mathematical models based on ecological and evolutionary theory are used to study pathogen invasion, persistence and evolution and to aid public-health decision making. Empirical data are crucial for assessing whether assumptions of mathematical models hold true and under what conditions model predictions are valid. Empirical data can be obtained from field or experimental settings using biological models of Animal diseases. The use of Animal models to describe population-scale disease dynamics and their feedback interactions has been limited. Farm Animal populations, coupled with mathematical models, are well-suited model systems to study infectious diseases dynamics at the population level. Factors contributing to disease outbreaks and heterogeneities that lead to differences in infectiousness and transmission dynamics are common to both Animal and human settings. In Farm Animal populations, infection challenge and transmission experiments can be carried out, and large-scale and long-term field data can be gathered on the same host–pathogen system. Thus, model systems that span several organizational levels can be obtained. Examples of host–pathogen model systems derived from Farm Animal populations are found in research areas such as the evolutionary epidemiology of vaccines and antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of new pathogens.
Ingrid Miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Farm Animal proteomics a review
Journal of Proteomics, 2011Co-Authors: Emøke Bendixen, Marianne Danielsen, Kristin Hollung, Elisabetta Gianazza, Ingrid MillerAbstract:In agricultural sciences as in all other areas of life science, the implementation of proteomics and other post-genomic tools is an important step towards more detailed understanding of the complex biological systems that control physiology and pathology of living beings. Farm Animals are raised in large-scale operations, with the aim to obtain Animal products for human consumption. Hence, understanding the biological traits that impact yield and quality of these products is the specific aim of much biological experimentation. However, most of the data gathered from experiments on e.g. swine and cattle are relevant not only for Farm Animal sciences, but also for adding to our understanding of complex biological mechanisms of health and disease in humans. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the specific topics of interest within Farm Animal proteomics, and to highlight some of the areas where synergy between classic model organism proteomics and Farm Animal proteomics is rapidly emerging. Focus will be on introducing the special biological traits that play an important role in food production, and on how proteomics may help optimize Farm Animal production.
-
Farm Animal proteomics — A review
Journal of proteomics, 2010Co-Authors: Emøke Bendixen, Marianne Danielsen, Kristin Hollung, Elisabetta Gianazza, Ingrid MillerAbstract:In agricultural sciences as in all other areas of life science, the implementation of proteomics and other post-genomic tools is an important step towards more detailed understanding of the complex biological systems that control physiology and pathology of living beings. Farm Animals are raised in large-scale operations, with the aim to obtain Animal products for human consumption. Hence, understanding the biological traits that impact yield and quality of these products is the specific aim of much biological experimentation. However, most of the data gathered from experiments on e.g. swine and cattle are relevant not only for Farm Animal sciences, but also for adding to our understanding of complex biological mechanisms of health and disease in humans. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the specific topics of interest within Farm Animal proteomics, and to highlight some of the areas where synergy between classic model organism proteomics and Farm Animal proteomics is rapidly emerging. Focus will be on introducing the special biological traits that play an important role in food production, and on how proteomics may help optimize Farm Animal production.
