The Experts below are selected from a list of 262776 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Akira Saito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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muscle synergies are consistent across level and uphill treadmill running
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Aya Tomita, Kohei Watanabe, Ryosuke Ando, Akira Saito, Hiroshi AkimaAbstract:This study aimed to identify muscle synergies of the lower limb during treadmill running on level and inclined ground. Eight subjects ran on a treadmill at three speeds (2.5, 3.3, and 4.1 m/s) and two grades (level and 10% grade). Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from 10 muscles of the lower limb, including deeper muscles such as vastus intermedius, adductor magnus, and adductor longus. Muscle synergies were extracted applying a non-negative matrix factorization algorithm, and relative co-activations across muscles and the temporal recruitment pattern were identified by muscle Synergy vector and Synergy activation coefficient, respectively. The scalar product between pairs of Synergy vectors and Synergy activation coefficients during level and uphill running conditions were analyzed as a similarity index, with values above 0.8 recognized as similar. Approximately 4 muscle synergies controlled the majority of variability in 10 EMGs during running, and were common between level and uphill conditions. At each running speed, inter-condition similarity was observed in Synergy vector (r > 0.83) and Synergy activation coefficients (r > 0.84) at each type of Synergy. These results suggest that types of Synergy are consistent between level and uphill running.
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similarity of muscle synergies extracted from the lower limb including the deep muscles between level and uphill treadmill walking
Gait & Posture, 2018Co-Authors: Aya Tomita, Kohei Watanabe, Ryosuke Ando, Akira Saito, Hiroshi AkimaAbstract:Abstract This study aimed to examine muscle synergies involving the deeper muscles of the lower limb during level and uphill treadmill walking. Seven men and five women walked on a treadmill at three speeds (60, 80, and 100 m/min) and two grades (level and 10% grade). Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from 10 muscles of the lower limb, including vastus intermedius, adductor magnus, and adductor longus. Muscle synergies were extracted applying non-negative matrix factorization, and the relative co-activation across muscles and the temporal information of Synergy recruitment were identified by the muscle Synergy vector and Synergy activation coefficient, respectively. Correlation coefficients between a pair of Synergy vectors during level and uphill walking were analyzed as a similarity index, with the similarity criterion at r = 0.76. Changes in Synergy activation coefficients between the walking conditions were evaluated by cross-correlation analysis. The mean number of synergies ranged from 3.8 to 4.0 across all conditions, and they were not significantly different between level and uphill walking conditions. Similarity between walking conditions was high ( r > 0.76) for three muscle synergies, but not for one Synergy that mainly consisted of the quadriceps femoris. The inter-condition similarity of the Synergy activation coefficients was high for the four synergies, and a significant lag time for Synergy 2 , which consisted mainly of the activity of medial gastrocnemius, was found at 60 and 80 m/min. The muscle synergies extracted from the lower limb involving the deeper muscles appear to be consistent during level and uphill treadmill walking.
Hiroshi Akima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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muscle synergies are consistent across level and uphill treadmill running
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Aya Tomita, Kohei Watanabe, Ryosuke Ando, Akira Saito, Hiroshi AkimaAbstract:This study aimed to identify muscle synergies of the lower limb during treadmill running on level and inclined ground. Eight subjects ran on a treadmill at three speeds (2.5, 3.3, and 4.1 m/s) and two grades (level and 10% grade). Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from 10 muscles of the lower limb, including deeper muscles such as vastus intermedius, adductor magnus, and adductor longus. Muscle synergies were extracted applying a non-negative matrix factorization algorithm, and relative co-activations across muscles and the temporal recruitment pattern were identified by muscle Synergy vector and Synergy activation coefficient, respectively. The scalar product between pairs of Synergy vectors and Synergy activation coefficients during level and uphill running conditions were analyzed as a similarity index, with values above 0.8 recognized as similar. Approximately 4 muscle synergies controlled the majority of variability in 10 EMGs during running, and were common between level and uphill conditions. At each running speed, inter-condition similarity was observed in Synergy vector (r > 0.83) and Synergy activation coefficients (r > 0.84) at each type of Synergy. These results suggest that types of Synergy are consistent between level and uphill running.
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similarity of muscle synergies extracted from the lower limb including the deep muscles between level and uphill treadmill walking
Gait & Posture, 2018Co-Authors: Aya Tomita, Kohei Watanabe, Ryosuke Ando, Akira Saito, Hiroshi AkimaAbstract:Abstract This study aimed to examine muscle synergies involving the deeper muscles of the lower limb during level and uphill treadmill walking. Seven men and five women walked on a treadmill at three speeds (60, 80, and 100 m/min) and two grades (level and 10% grade). Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from 10 muscles of the lower limb, including vastus intermedius, adductor magnus, and adductor longus. Muscle synergies were extracted applying non-negative matrix factorization, and the relative co-activation across muscles and the temporal information of Synergy recruitment were identified by the muscle Synergy vector and Synergy activation coefficient, respectively. Correlation coefficients between a pair of Synergy vectors during level and uphill walking were analyzed as a similarity index, with the similarity criterion at r = 0.76. Changes in Synergy activation coefficients between the walking conditions were evaluated by cross-correlation analysis. The mean number of synergies ranged from 3.8 to 4.0 across all conditions, and they were not significantly different between level and uphill walking conditions. Similarity between walking conditions was high ( r > 0.76) for three muscle synergies, but not for one Synergy that mainly consisted of the quadriceps femoris. The inter-condition similarity of the Synergy activation coefficients was high for the four synergies, and a significant lag time for Synergy 2 , which consisted mainly of the activity of medial gastrocnemius, was found at 60 and 80 m/min. The muscle synergies extracted from the lower limb involving the deeper muscles appear to be consistent during level and uphill treadmill walking.
Ryosuke Ando - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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muscle synergies are consistent across level and uphill treadmill running
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Aya Tomita, Kohei Watanabe, Ryosuke Ando, Akira Saito, Hiroshi AkimaAbstract:This study aimed to identify muscle synergies of the lower limb during treadmill running on level and inclined ground. Eight subjects ran on a treadmill at three speeds (2.5, 3.3, and 4.1 m/s) and two grades (level and 10% grade). Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from 10 muscles of the lower limb, including deeper muscles such as vastus intermedius, adductor magnus, and adductor longus. Muscle synergies were extracted applying a non-negative matrix factorization algorithm, and relative co-activations across muscles and the temporal recruitment pattern were identified by muscle Synergy vector and Synergy activation coefficient, respectively. The scalar product between pairs of Synergy vectors and Synergy activation coefficients during level and uphill running conditions were analyzed as a similarity index, with values above 0.8 recognized as similar. Approximately 4 muscle synergies controlled the majority of variability in 10 EMGs during running, and were common between level and uphill conditions. At each running speed, inter-condition similarity was observed in Synergy vector (r > 0.83) and Synergy activation coefficients (r > 0.84) at each type of Synergy. These results suggest that types of Synergy are consistent between level and uphill running.
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similarity of muscle synergies extracted from the lower limb including the deep muscles between level and uphill treadmill walking
Gait & Posture, 2018Co-Authors: Aya Tomita, Kohei Watanabe, Ryosuke Ando, Akira Saito, Hiroshi AkimaAbstract:Abstract This study aimed to examine muscle synergies involving the deeper muscles of the lower limb during level and uphill treadmill walking. Seven men and five women walked on a treadmill at three speeds (60, 80, and 100 m/min) and two grades (level and 10% grade). Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from 10 muscles of the lower limb, including vastus intermedius, adductor magnus, and adductor longus. Muscle synergies were extracted applying non-negative matrix factorization, and the relative co-activation across muscles and the temporal information of Synergy recruitment were identified by the muscle Synergy vector and Synergy activation coefficient, respectively. Correlation coefficients between a pair of Synergy vectors during level and uphill walking were analyzed as a similarity index, with the similarity criterion at r = 0.76. Changes in Synergy activation coefficients between the walking conditions were evaluated by cross-correlation analysis. The mean number of synergies ranged from 3.8 to 4.0 across all conditions, and they were not significantly different between level and uphill walking conditions. Similarity between walking conditions was high ( r > 0.76) for three muscle synergies, but not for one Synergy that mainly consisted of the quadriceps femoris. The inter-condition similarity of the Synergy activation coefficients was high for the four synergies, and a significant lag time for Synergy 2 , which consisted mainly of the activity of medial gastrocnemius, was found at 60 and 80 m/min. The muscle synergies extracted from the lower limb involving the deeper muscles appear to be consistent during level and uphill treadmill walking.
Simon Shepherd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the principles of integration in urban transport strategies
Transport Policy, 2006Co-Authors: Charlotte Kelly, Simon ShepherdAbstract:Integration as a principle in urban transport policy is frequently advocated but rarely defined. We suggest a range of types of integration, and highlight the problems in developing an effective integrated strategy, given the number of variables involved. We argue that integration should be designed to serve agreed objectives of transport policy, rather than being an objective in its own right. We then consider the principles for designing an effective integrated strategy. We define the concept of Synergy, which is often advocated as a benefit of integration, and discuss whether it, and other aggregation benefits short of true Synergy, is achievable. We then consider the alternative approach of using integration to overcome barriers, an approach, which is likely to be in conflict with pursuit of Synergy, but more likely to lead to readily implemented strategies. We then review a number of examples where these principles have been applied, and investigate them to assess whether Synergy has been demonstrated. Generally we find little evidence of Synergy in outcome indicators. We conclude with some more general guidance on approaches to integration.
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the principles of integration in urban transport strategies
10th World Conference on Transport ResearchWorld Conference on Transport Research SocietyIstanbul Technical University, 2006Co-Authors: Charlotte Kelly, Simon ShepherdAbstract:Integration as a principle in urban transport policy is frequently advocated but rarely defined. We suggest a range of types of integration, and highlight the problems in developing an effective integrated strategy, given the number of variables involved. We argue that integration should be designed to serve agreed objectives of transport policy, rather than being an objective in its own right. We then consider the principles for designing an effective integrated strategy. We define the concept of Synergy, which is often advocated as a benefit of integration, and discuss whether it, and other aggregation benefits short of true Synergy, are achievable. We then consider the alternative approach of using integration to overcome barriers, an approach which is likely to be in conflict with pursuit of Synergy, but more likely to lead to readily implemented strategies. We then review a number of examples where these principles have been applied, and investigate them to assess whether Synergy has been demonstrated. Generally we find little evidence of Synergy in outcome indicators. We conclude with some more general guidance on approaches to integration.
Charlotte Kelly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the principles of integration in urban transport strategies
Transport Policy, 2006Co-Authors: Charlotte Kelly, Simon ShepherdAbstract:Integration as a principle in urban transport policy is frequently advocated but rarely defined. We suggest a range of types of integration, and highlight the problems in developing an effective integrated strategy, given the number of variables involved. We argue that integration should be designed to serve agreed objectives of transport policy, rather than being an objective in its own right. We then consider the principles for designing an effective integrated strategy. We define the concept of Synergy, which is often advocated as a benefit of integration, and discuss whether it, and other aggregation benefits short of true Synergy, is achievable. We then consider the alternative approach of using integration to overcome barriers, an approach, which is likely to be in conflict with pursuit of Synergy, but more likely to lead to readily implemented strategies. We then review a number of examples where these principles have been applied, and investigate them to assess whether Synergy has been demonstrated. Generally we find little evidence of Synergy in outcome indicators. We conclude with some more general guidance on approaches to integration.
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the principles of integration in urban transport strategies
10th World Conference on Transport ResearchWorld Conference on Transport Research SocietyIstanbul Technical University, 2006Co-Authors: Charlotte Kelly, Simon ShepherdAbstract:Integration as a principle in urban transport policy is frequently advocated but rarely defined. We suggest a range of types of integration, and highlight the problems in developing an effective integrated strategy, given the number of variables involved. We argue that integration should be designed to serve agreed objectives of transport policy, rather than being an objective in its own right. We then consider the principles for designing an effective integrated strategy. We define the concept of Synergy, which is often advocated as a benefit of integration, and discuss whether it, and other aggregation benefits short of true Synergy, are achievable. We then consider the alternative approach of using integration to overcome barriers, an approach which is likely to be in conflict with pursuit of Synergy, but more likely to lead to readily implemented strategies. We then review a number of examples where these principles have been applied, and investigate them to assess whether Synergy has been demonstrated. Generally we find little evidence of Synergy in outcome indicators. We conclude with some more general guidance on approaches to integration.
