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Jacob R Andrew - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long term effects of Fatherhood on morphology energetics and exercise performance in california mice peromyscus californicus
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 2020Co-Authors: Jacob R Andrew, Theodore Garland, Mark A Chappell, Meng Zhao, Nathan D Horrell, Wendy SaltzmanAbstract:AbstractIn male mammals that provide care for their offspring, Fatherhood can lead to changes in behavioral, morphological, and physiological traits, some of which might constitute trade-offs. Howe...
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The Physiological, Exercise Performance, and Morphological Consequences of Fatherhood in the Biparental California Mouse (Peromyscus californicus)
2018Co-Authors: Jacob R AndrewAbstract:Author(s): Andrew, Jacob R | Advisor(s): Saltzman, Wendy | Abstract: In biparental mammals, becoming a father can significantly alter males’ neural and endocrine systems, but effects of Fatherhood on physiology and morphology are less clear. This dissertation tested the hypothesis that Fatherhood has significant physiological, morphological and exercise-performance costs, and are modulated by parity and environmental stress. Three studies were performed using the monogamous, biparental California mouse (Peromyscus californicus). In each study, physiology, exercise performance, and morphology were compared among breeding males, non-breeding males (with a tubally ligated female [Chapter One] or an ovariectomized, estrogen/progesterone-treated female [Chapters Two and Three]) and virgin males (with another male [Chapter One] or an ovariectomized, untreated female [Chapters Two and Three]).Chapter One examined acute effects of Fatherhood. New fathers had significantly larger hindlimb muscles than non-breeding males, but virgin males had heavier subcutaneous fat pads than non-breeding or virgin males. No differences were found in physiology (basal metabolic rate [BMR], hematocrit), or locomotor performance (maximum sprint speed, treadmill endurance, maximal oxygen consumption [VO2max]).Chapter Two characterized long-term effects of Fatherhood across multiple reproductive bouts. Breeding males differed from non-breeding and/or virgin males in several physiological (resting metabolic rate [RMR]), exercise performance (sprint speed, predatory aggression), and morphological (lean, fat, and organ masses) measures at specific time points; however, differences among groups were inconsistent, and few differences were found overall. Moreover, the number of differences between breeding males and controls did not increase with parity.Chapter Three examined effects of cold acclimation and determined how these effects were influenced by males’ reproductive condition. Cold-acclimating virgins had lower body, fat, and lean masses, and higher RMR and VO2max, than virgins at room temperature. Among long-term cold-acclimated animals, breeding males had higher BMR, lower VO2max, longer feet, and larger bacula than non-breeding and virgin males. These results suggest that cold stress may reveal energetic costs of Fatherhood.The results from this dissertation suggest that Fatherhood, under the conditions tested, has few pronounced or consistent effects on physiology, exercise performance, and morphology in male California mice. This dissertation has important implications for the understanding of evolution of biparental care and the life-history of this species.
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consequences of Fatherhood in the biparental california mouse peromyscus californicus locomotor performance metabolic rate and organ masses
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 2016Co-Authors: Jacob R Andrew, Wendy Saltzman, Mark A Chappell, Theodore GarlandAbstract:Although effects of motherhood on mothers have been well documented in mammals, the effects of Fatherhood on fathers are not well known. We evaluated effects of being a father on key metabolic and performance measures in the California mouse, Peromyscus californicus. California mice are genetically monogamous in the wild, and fathers show similar parental behavior to mothers, with the exception of lactation. To investigate the impact of Fatherhood on fathers, focal males were paired with an intact female (breeding males), a tubally ligated female (nonbreeding males), or another male (virgins). Starting 3-5 d after the birth of each breeding pair's first litter, males were tested for locomotor performance (maximum sprint speed, treadmill endurance), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and maximum oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]). At the end of the 11-d test period, mice were euthanized, hematocrit was determined, and organs were weighed. Speed, endurance, and [Formula: see text] were significantly repeatable between two replicate measurement days but did not differ among groups, nor did BMR. Breeding males had significantly larger hind limb muscles than did nonbreeding males, whereas virgin males had heavier subcutaneous fat pads than did nonbreeding and breeding males. Several correlations were observed at the level of individual variation (residuals from ANCOVA models), including positive correlations for endurance with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] with testes mass, and some of the digestion-related organs with each other. These results indicate that Fatherhood may not have pronounced performance, metabolic, or morphological effects on fathers, at least under standard laboratory conditions and across a single breeding cycle.
Wendy Saltzman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long term effects of Fatherhood on morphology energetics and exercise performance in california mice peromyscus californicus
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 2020Co-Authors: Jacob R Andrew, Theodore Garland, Mark A Chappell, Meng Zhao, Nathan D Horrell, Wendy SaltzmanAbstract:AbstractIn male mammals that provide care for their offspring, Fatherhood can lead to changes in behavioral, morphological, and physiological traits, some of which might constitute trade-offs. Howe...
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consequences of Fatherhood in the biparental california mouse peromyscus californicus locomotor performance metabolic rate and organ masses
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 2016Co-Authors: Jacob R Andrew, Wendy Saltzman, Mark A Chappell, Theodore GarlandAbstract:Although effects of motherhood on mothers have been well documented in mammals, the effects of Fatherhood on fathers are not well known. We evaluated effects of being a father on key metabolic and performance measures in the California mouse, Peromyscus californicus. California mice are genetically monogamous in the wild, and fathers show similar parental behavior to mothers, with the exception of lactation. To investigate the impact of Fatherhood on fathers, focal males were paired with an intact female (breeding males), a tubally ligated female (nonbreeding males), or another male (virgins). Starting 3-5 d after the birth of each breeding pair's first litter, males were tested for locomotor performance (maximum sprint speed, treadmill endurance), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and maximum oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]). At the end of the 11-d test period, mice were euthanized, hematocrit was determined, and organs were weighed. Speed, endurance, and [Formula: see text] were significantly repeatable between two replicate measurement days but did not differ among groups, nor did BMR. Breeding males had significantly larger hind limb muscles than did nonbreeding males, whereas virgin males had heavier subcutaneous fat pads than did nonbreeding and breeding males. Several correlations were observed at the level of individual variation (residuals from ANCOVA models), including positive correlations for endurance with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] with testes mass, and some of the digestion-related organs with each other. These results indicate that Fatherhood may not have pronounced performance, metabolic, or morphological effects on fathers, at least under standard laboratory conditions and across a single breeding cycle.
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effects of reproductive experience on central expression of progesterone oestrogen α oxytocin and vasopressin receptor mrna in male california mice peromyscus californicus
Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 2015Co-Authors: J P Perearodriguez, Wendy Saltzman, E Y Takahashi, T M Amador, Brian C TrainorAbstract:Fatherhood in biparental mammals is accompanied by distinct neuroendocrine changes in males, involving some of the same hormones involved in maternal care. In the monogamous, biparental California mouse (Peromyscus californicus), paternal care has been linked to changes in the central and/or peripheral availability of oestrogen, progesterone, vasopressin and oxytocin, although it is not known whether these endocrine fluctuations are associated with changes in receptor availability in the brain. Thus, we compared mRNA expression of oestrogen receptor (ER)α, progesterone receptor (PR), vasopressin receptor (V1a) and oxytocin receptor (OTR) in brain regions implicated in paternal care [i.e. medial preoptic area (MPOA)], fear [i.e. medial amygdala (MeA)] and anxiety [i.e. bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)] between first-time fathers (n = 8) and age-matched virgin males (n = 7). Males from both reproductive conditions behaved paternally towards unrelated pups, whereas fathers showed significantly shorter latencies to behave paternally and less time investigating pups. Furthermore, fathers showed significantly lower PR, OTR and V1a receptor mRNA expression in the BNST compared to virgins. Fathers also showed a marginally significant (P = 0.07) reduction in progesterone receptor mRNA expression in the MPOA, although Fatherhood was not associated with any other changes in receptor mRNA in the MPOA or MeA. The results of the present study indicate that behavioural and endocrine changes associated with the onset of Fatherhood, and/or with cohabitation with a (breeding) female, are accompanied by changes in mRNA expression of hormone and neuropeptide receptors in the brain.
Theodore Garland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long term effects of Fatherhood on morphology energetics and exercise performance in california mice peromyscus californicus
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 2020Co-Authors: Jacob R Andrew, Theodore Garland, Mark A Chappell, Meng Zhao, Nathan D Horrell, Wendy SaltzmanAbstract:AbstractIn male mammals that provide care for their offspring, Fatherhood can lead to changes in behavioral, morphological, and physiological traits, some of which might constitute trade-offs. Howe...
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consequences of Fatherhood in the biparental california mouse peromyscus californicus locomotor performance metabolic rate and organ masses
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 2016Co-Authors: Jacob R Andrew, Wendy Saltzman, Mark A Chappell, Theodore GarlandAbstract:Although effects of motherhood on mothers have been well documented in mammals, the effects of Fatherhood on fathers are not well known. We evaluated effects of being a father on key metabolic and performance measures in the California mouse, Peromyscus californicus. California mice are genetically monogamous in the wild, and fathers show similar parental behavior to mothers, with the exception of lactation. To investigate the impact of Fatherhood on fathers, focal males were paired with an intact female (breeding males), a tubally ligated female (nonbreeding males), or another male (virgins). Starting 3-5 d after the birth of each breeding pair's first litter, males were tested for locomotor performance (maximum sprint speed, treadmill endurance), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and maximum oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]). At the end of the 11-d test period, mice were euthanized, hematocrit was determined, and organs were weighed. Speed, endurance, and [Formula: see text] were significantly repeatable between two replicate measurement days but did not differ among groups, nor did BMR. Breeding males had significantly larger hind limb muscles than did nonbreeding males, whereas virgin males had heavier subcutaneous fat pads than did nonbreeding and breeding males. Several correlations were observed at the level of individual variation (residuals from ANCOVA models), including positive correlations for endurance with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] with testes mass, and some of the digestion-related organs with each other. These results indicate that Fatherhood may not have pronounced performance, metabolic, or morphological effects on fathers, at least under standard laboratory conditions and across a single breeding cycle.
Mark A Chappell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long term effects of Fatherhood on morphology energetics and exercise performance in california mice peromyscus californicus
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 2020Co-Authors: Jacob R Andrew, Theodore Garland, Mark A Chappell, Meng Zhao, Nathan D Horrell, Wendy SaltzmanAbstract:AbstractIn male mammals that provide care for their offspring, Fatherhood can lead to changes in behavioral, morphological, and physiological traits, some of which might constitute trade-offs. Howe...
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consequences of Fatherhood in the biparental california mouse peromyscus californicus locomotor performance metabolic rate and organ masses
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 2016Co-Authors: Jacob R Andrew, Wendy Saltzman, Mark A Chappell, Theodore GarlandAbstract:Although effects of motherhood on mothers have been well documented in mammals, the effects of Fatherhood on fathers are not well known. We evaluated effects of being a father on key metabolic and performance measures in the California mouse, Peromyscus californicus. California mice are genetically monogamous in the wild, and fathers show similar parental behavior to mothers, with the exception of lactation. To investigate the impact of Fatherhood on fathers, focal males were paired with an intact female (breeding males), a tubally ligated female (nonbreeding males), or another male (virgins). Starting 3-5 d after the birth of each breeding pair's first litter, males were tested for locomotor performance (maximum sprint speed, treadmill endurance), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and maximum oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]). At the end of the 11-d test period, mice were euthanized, hematocrit was determined, and organs were weighed. Speed, endurance, and [Formula: see text] were significantly repeatable between two replicate measurement days but did not differ among groups, nor did BMR. Breeding males had significantly larger hind limb muscles than did nonbreeding males, whereas virgin males had heavier subcutaneous fat pads than did nonbreeding and breeding males. Several correlations were observed at the level of individual variation (residuals from ANCOVA models), including positive correlations for endurance with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] with testes mass, and some of the digestion-related organs with each other. These results indicate that Fatherhood may not have pronounced performance, metabolic, or morphological effects on fathers, at least under standard laboratory conditions and across a single breeding cycle.
Larry I. Lipshultz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does solid organ transplantation affect male reproduction
European urology focus, 2018Co-Authors: Nannan Thirumavalavan, Jason M Scovell, Richard E Link, Dolores J Lamb, Larry I. LipshultzAbstract:Patients undergoing solid organ transplantation have experienced increased graft survival rates over the past several decades. With increased longevity making Fatherhood a viable option, many patients desire to pursue this path. However, many patients and practitioners are likely unaware of the feasibility and safety for a man on a transplant immunosuppression regimen to safely pursue Fatherhood. In this review, we discuss effects of organ transplantation and post-transplantation treatment on male hormones, fertility, and the risk to potential offspring. Briefly, providers should be aware that organ transplant recipients may be at an increased risk for hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction, but fathering a child is a realistic and safe aspiration. PATIENT SUMMARY: In this mini-review, we discuss the effects of solid organ transplantation (such as lung, heart, kidney, and liver) on a man's sexual health, and his ability to have children. We focus on the most common problems encountered by patients after their transplant, and the effects of medications.
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the relationship between anogenital distance and age
Journal of Andrology, 2013Co-Authors: Michael L Eisenberg, Tungchin Hsieh, Larry I. LipshultzAbstract:In humans, recent studies have correlated anogenital distance (AGD) in adult men to intrinsic testicular function. Although rodent studies suggest that AGD is determined in utero and remains constant in adult life, it is not certain if AGD remains constant across a man's adult life. We sought to determine if adult male AGD varies based on age. A cross-sectional study of men being evaluated at a men's health clinic. Anogenital distance (the distance from the posterior aspect of the scrotum to the anal verge) and penile length (PL) were measured using digital callipers. anova and linear regression were used to determine correlations between AGD, Fatherhood status and age. In all, 473 men were included in the analysis with a mean age of 43 ± 13 years. The mean AGD for the group was 39 ± 13 mm. Anogenital distance did not vary between age categories for the entire group, for fathers, and for childless men. Moreover, penile length also remained constant across age categories. On adjusted analyses stratified by Fatherhood status, there was no relationship between AGDp and age. The current cross-sectional study demonstrates that anogenital distance, defined as the distance from the posterior scrotum to the anal verge, is similar for men of different ages. As such, AGD may provide a measure for genital development and function throughout adult life. However, confirmation with longitudinal studies is needed.
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the relationship between anogenital distance Fatherhood and fertility in adult men
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Michael L Eisenberg, Michael H. Hsieh, Rustin C Walters, Ross Krasnow, Larry I. LipshultzAbstract:Background: Anogenital distance (AGD), a sexually dimorphic measure of genital development, is a marker for endocrine disruption in animal studies and may be shorter in infant males with genital anomalies. Given the correlation between anogenital distance and genital development, we sought to determine if anogenital distance varied in fertile compared to infertile adult men. Methods: A cross sectional study of consecutive men being evaluated for infertility and men with proven fertility was recruited from an andrology clinic. Anogenital distance (the distance from the posterior aspect of the scrotum to the anal verge) and penile length (PL) were measured using digital calipers. ANOVA and linear regression were used to determine correlations between AGD, Fatherhood status, and semen analysis parameters (sperm density, motility, and total motile sperm count). Findings: A total of 117 infertile men (mean age: 35.3 17.4) and 56 fertile men (mean age: 44.8 9.7) were recruited. The infertile men possessed significantly shorter mean AGD and PL compared to the fertile controls (AGD: 31.8 vs 44.6 mm, PL: 107.1 vs 119.5 mm, p0.01). The difference in AGD persisted even after accounting for ethnic and anthropomorphic differences. In addition to Fatherhood, on both unadjusted and adjusted linear regression, AGD was significantly correlated with sperm density and total motile sperm count. After adjusting for demographic and reproductive variables, for each 1 cm increase in a man’s AGD, the sperm density increases by 4.3 million sperm per mL (95% CI 0.53, 8.09, p 0.03) and the total motile sperm count increases by 6.0 million sperm (95% CI 1.34, 10.58, p 0.01). On adjusted analyses, no correlation was seen between penile length and semen parameters. Conclusion: A longer anogenital distance is associated with Fatherhood and may predict normal male reproductive potential. Thus, AGD may provide a novel metric to assess reproductive potential in men. Editorial Comment: This is a clever idea. You can often determine the gender of an animal by AGD, so might this metric be a marker of endocrine or reproductive function? These investigators observed that fertile men have longer AGDs than infertile ones, and provide evidence that AGD is correlated to sperm count. An interesting question is whether AGD combined with semen parameters in a mathematical model could more accurately diagnose male reproductive potential, since bulk semen analysis has proved to be a relatively poor assessor of fertility.
