The Experts below are selected from a list of 126624 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Christopher D. Byrne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of exercise on the development of new Fatty Liver and the resolution of existing Fatty Liver
Journal of hepatology, 2016Co-Authors: Ki Chul Sung, Seungho Ryu, Jong-young Lee, Jang Young Kim, Sarah H. Wild, Christopher D. ByrneAbstract:Background & Aims Guidelines about recommendations for amounts of exercise/physical activity are variable in non-alcoholic Fatty Liver disease. Our aim was to determine the amount of exercise that was associated with two outcomes: a) development of incident Liver fat and b) resolution of baseline Liver fat, at five-year follow-up. Methods In an occupational health screening program, weekly frequency of exercise was assessed using the validated Korean version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Liver fat was identified by ultrasonography (3.5MHz probe) at baseline and at five-year follow-up. Fully adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs and 95% confidence intervals [CI]) for incident Fatty Liver and resolution of Fatty Liver at follow-up. Results 233,676 men and women were studied between 2002 and 2014. 126,811 individuals were identified without Fatty Liver, and of these subjects, 29,014 subjects developed incident Fatty Liver during follow-up. At baseline, there were 42,536 individuals with Liver fat and of these individuals, Fatty Liver resolved in 14,514, during follow-up. After full adjustment, compared to no exercise, exercise was associated with benefit for both outcomes; for exercise ⩾5times per week for incident Fatty Liver: HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.80,0.92), p p Conclusions Moderate to vigorous exercise is beneficial in decreasing risk of development of new Fatty Liver or improving resolution of existing Fatty Liver during 5years of follow-up. Lay summary The amount of exercise/physical activity to benefit Fatty Liver disease in non-alcoholic Fatty Liver disease is not known. In a large study of free-living people, our aim was to determine the amount of exercise that was linked with a decrease in new Fatty Liver and also improvement of existing Fatty Liver over 5years of follow-up. Compared to no exercise, exercise ⩾5times per week (lasting at least 10min on each occasion) was linked to a highly significantly benefit for both a decrease in new Fatty Liver and also improvement of existing Fatty Liver.
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CKD and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2014Co-Authors: Giovanni Targher, Michel Chonchol, Christopher D. ByrneAbstract:The possible link between nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD) recently has attracted considerable scientific interest. Accumulating clinical evidence indicates that the presence and severity of nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease is associated significantly with CKD (defined as decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate and/or proteinuria) and that nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease predicts the development and progression of CKD, independently of traditional cardiorenal risk factors. Experimental evidence also suggests that nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease itself may exacerbate systemic and hepatic insulin resistance, cause atherogenic dyslipidemia, and release a variety of proinflammatory, procoagulant, pro-oxidant, and profibrogenic mediators that play important roles in the development and progression of CKD. However, despite the growing evidence linking nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease with CKD, it has not been definitively established whether a causal association exists. The clinical implication for these findings is that patients with nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease may benefit from more intensive surveillance or early treatment interventions to decrease the risk of CKD. In this review, we discuss the evidence linking nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease with CKD and the putative mechanisms by which nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease contributes to kidney damage. We also briefly discuss current treatment options for this increasingly prevalent disease that is likely to have an important future impact on the global burden of disease.
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development of new Fatty Liver or resolution of existing Fatty Liver over five years of follow up and risk of incident hypertension
Journal of Hepatology, 2014Co-Authors: Ki Chul Sung, Sarah H. Wild, Christopher D. ByrneAbstract:Background & Aims Approximately 50% of hypertensive patients have non-alcoholic Fatty Liver disease (NAFLD), but whether change in Fatty Liver status over time modifies risk of developing hypertension is uncertain. Our aim was to determine whether a change in Fatty Liver status (either development of new Fatty Liver, or resolution of existing Fatty Liver) over five years modified risk of incident hypertension at five year follow-up. Methods 11,448 patients without hypertension were examined at baseline and at five year follow-up, using a retrospective cohort study design. Fatty Liver status (absent or present) was assessed at baseline and follow-up using standard ultrasound criteria. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident hypertension at follow-up were estimated controlling for potential confounders, compared to the reference group (patients who did not have Fatty Liver at either baseline or follow-up). Results 911 patients developed incident hypertension. Incident Fatty Liver developed during follow-up in 1418 patients and Fatty Liver at baseline resolved during follow-up in 684 patients. Developing incident Fatty Liver was associated with incident hypertension, even after adjustment for multiple confounders (aOR=1.60 (95% CI 1.30, 1.96; p p =0.004). With resolution of Fatty Liver at follow-up, risk of incident hypertension was not different from the reference group (aOR=1.21 (95% CI 0.90, 1.63; p =0.21). Conclusions Development of incident Fatty Liver is associated with increased risk of hypertension.
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resolution of Fatty Liver and risk of incident diabetes
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2013Co-Authors: Ki Chul Sung, Sarah H. Wild, Christopher D. ByrneAbstract:Context: Fatty Liver is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but whether an increased risk remains in people in whom Fatty Liver resolves over time is not known. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the risk of incident diabetes at a 5-year follow-up in people in whom: 1) new Fatty Liver developed; 2) existing Fatty Liver resolved, and 3) Fatty Liver severity worsened over 5 years. Design and Methods: A total of 13 218 people without diabetes at baseline from a Korean occupational cohort were examined at baseline and after 5 years, using a retrospective study design. Fatty Liver status was assessed at baseline and follow-up as absent, mild, or moderate/severe using standard ultrasound criteria. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident diabetes at follow-up were estimated after controlling for multiple potential confounders. Results: Two hundred thirty-four people developed incident diabetes. Over 5 years, Fatty Liver resolved in 828, devel...
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Hypoxia and non alcoholic Fatty Liver disease
Clinical Science, 2009Co-Authors: Christopher D. ByrneAbstract:Non alcoholic Fatty Liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of Fatty Liver diseases associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The spectrum of Fatty Liver diseases, comprises simple steatosis, steatosis with inflammation (i.e. non alcoholic steatohepatitis or NASH), Fatty Liver disease with inflammation and fibrosis (severe NASH) and cirrhosis. The molecular mechanisms contributing to NASH are the subject of considerable investigation, as a better understanding of the pathogenesis of NASH will lead to novel therapies for a condition that hitherto remains difficult to treat. In this edition of the Journal Piquet et al have investigated the effects of hypoxia in the PTEN deficient mouse, a mouse model that develops NAFLD. Piquet et al show that a short period (7 days) of exposure to hypoxia aggravates the NAFLD phenotype, causing changes in the Liver that are in keeping with NASH, with increased lipogenesis and inflammation.
Francesca Aprile - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sarcopenic obesity in Fatty Liver.
Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, 2019Co-Authors: Manuela Merli, Barbara Lattanzi, Francesca AprileAbstract:Purpose of reviewNonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steato hepatitis have an increasing prevalence among Liver diseases. Overweight and obesity are frequently associated conditions in patients with Fatty Liver. Skeletal muscle mass depletion may also coexist with chronic Liver
Jeffrey B Schwimmer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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heritability of nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease
Gastroenterology, 2009Co-Authors: Jeffrey B Schwimmer, Manuel A Celedon, Joel E Lavine, Rany M Salem, Nzali Campbell, Nicholas J Schork, Masoud Shiehmorteza, Takeshi YokooAbstract:Background & Aims Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic Liver disease in the United States. The etiology is believed to be multifactorial with a substantial genetic component; however, the heritability of NAFLD is undetermined. Therefore, a familial aggregation study was performed to test the hypothesis that NAFLD is highly heritable. Methods Overweight children with biopsy-proven NAFLD and overweight children without NAFLD served as probands. Family members were studied, including the use of magnetic resonance imaging to quantify Liver fat fraction. Fatty Liver was defined as a Liver fat fraction of 5% or higher. Etiologies for Fatty Liver other than NAFLD were excluded. Narrow-sense heritability estimates for Fatty Liver (dichotomous) and fat fraction (continuous) were calculated using variance components analysis adjusted for covariate effects. Results Fatty Liver was present in 17% of siblings and 37% of parents of overweight children without NAFLD. Fatty Liver was significantly more common in siblings (59%) and parents (78%) of children with NAFLD. Liver fat fraction was correlated with body mass index, although the correlation was significantly stronger for families of children with NAFLD than those without NAFLD. Adjusted for age, sex, race, and body mass index, the heritability of Fatty Liver was 1.000 and of Liver fat fraction was 0.386. Conclusions Family members of children with NAFLD should be considered at high risk for NAFLD. These data suggest that familial factors are a major determinant of whether an individual has NAFLD. Studies examining the complex relations between genes and environment in the development and progression of NAFLD are warranted.
Zobair M. Younossi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease
Current Gastroenterology Reports, 1999Co-Authors: Zobair M. YounossiAbstract:The definition of nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease has evolved in recent years. Today, it is considered a nonspecific term encompassing several clinicopathologic entities (steatosis alone, steatonecrosis, steatohepatitis and histologic alcoholiclike hepatitis) that are similar to alcoholic Liver disease. Studies of nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease have come to conflicting conclusions about the course of the disease. It can be argued that the disparate results are largely the result of nonuniform definitions. When histologic features such as hepatocyte ballooning, necrosis, and Mallory hyaline are seen, nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease has been shown to be associated with an aggressive outcome. Steatosis alone, in contrast, appears to be benign. The current understanding of nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease, the limited treatments available, and two theories of the pathogenesis of the disease are also reviewed here.
Keith D Lindor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease
Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Leon A Adams, Paul Angulo, Keith D LindorAbstract:NONALCOHOLIC Fatty Liver DISEASE is emerging as the most common chronic Liver condition in the Western world. It is associated with insulin resistance and frequently occurs with features of the metabolic syndrome. Disease presentation ranges from asymptomatic elevated Liver enzyme levels to cirrhosis with complications of Liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current treatment recommendations are limited to weight loss and exercise, although several promising medications are on the horizon. In this article we discuss the etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of nonalcoholic Fatty Liver disease as well as approaches to its management.
