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R. Stiteler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evacuated-Tube Heat-Pipe Solar Collectors Applied to the Recirculation Loop in a Federal Building: Preprint
    2004
    Co-Authors: A. Walker, F. Mahjouri, R. Stiteler
    Abstract:

    This paper describes the design, simulation, construction, and initial performance of a solar water heating system (a 360-tube evacuated-tube heat-pipe solar collector, 54 m2 in gross area, 36 m2 in net absorber area) installed at the top of the hot water recirculation loop in the Social Security Administration's Mid-Atlantic Center in Philadelphia. When solar energy is available, water returning to the hot water storage tank is heated by the solar array. This new approach, in contrast to the more conventional approach of preheating incoming water, is made possible by the thermal diode effect of heat pipes and low heat loss from evacuated-tube solar collectors. The simplicity of this approach and its low installation costs support the deployment of solar energy in existing commercial Buildings, especially where the roof is some distance away from the water heating system, which is often in the basement. Initial performance measurements of the system are reported.

  • evacuated tube heat pipe solar collectors applied to recirculation loop in a Federal Building ssa philadelphia
    Solar Energy, 2004
    Co-Authors: Andy Walker, F. Mahjouri, R. Stiteler
    Abstract:

    This paper describes design, simulation, construction and measured initial performance of a solar water heating system (360 Evacuated Heat-Pipe Collector tubes, 54 m 2 gross area, 36 m 2 net absorber area) installed at the top of the hot water recirculation loop in the Social Security Mid-Atlantic Center in Philadelphia. Water returning to the hot water storage tank is heated by the solar array when solar energy is available. This new approach, as opposed to the more conventional approach of preheating incoming water, is made possible by the thermal diode effect of heat pipes and low heat loss from evacuated tube solar collectors. The simplicity of this approach and its low installation costs makes the deployment of solar energy in existing commercial Buildings more attractive, especially where the roof is far removed from the water heating system, which is often in the basement. Initial observed performance of the system is reported. Hourly simulation estimates annual energy delivery of 111 GJ/year of solar heat and that the annual efficiency (based on the 54 m 2 gross area) of the solar collectors is 41%, and that of the entire system including parasitic pump power, heat loss due to freeze protection, and heat loss from connecting piping is 34%. Annual average collector efficiency based on a net aperture area of 36 m 2 is 61.5% according to the hourly simulation.

Andy Walker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • evacuated tube heat pipe solar collectors applied to recirculation loop in a Federal Building ssa philadelphia
    Solar Energy, 2004
    Co-Authors: Andy Walker, F. Mahjouri, R. Stiteler
    Abstract:

    This paper describes design, simulation, construction and measured initial performance of a solar water heating system (360 Evacuated Heat-Pipe Collector tubes, 54 m 2 gross area, 36 m 2 net absorber area) installed at the top of the hot water recirculation loop in the Social Security Mid-Atlantic Center in Philadelphia. Water returning to the hot water storage tank is heated by the solar array when solar energy is available. This new approach, as opposed to the more conventional approach of preheating incoming water, is made possible by the thermal diode effect of heat pipes and low heat loss from evacuated tube solar collectors. The simplicity of this approach and its low installation costs makes the deployment of solar energy in existing commercial Buildings more attractive, especially where the roof is far removed from the water heating system, which is often in the basement. Initial observed performance of the system is reported. Hourly simulation estimates annual energy delivery of 111 GJ/year of solar heat and that the annual efficiency (based on the 54 m 2 gross area) of the solar collectors is 41%, and that of the entire system including parasitic pump power, heat loss due to freeze protection, and heat loss from connecting piping is 34%. Annual average collector efficiency based on a net aperture area of 36 m 2 is 61.5% according to the hourly simulation.

  • analyzing two Federal Building integrated photovoltaics projects using energy 10 simulations
    Journal of Solar Energy Engineering-transactions of The Asme, 2002
    Co-Authors: Andy Walker, Doug Balcomb, Gregory Kiss, Norm Weaver, Melinda Humphry Becker
    Abstract:

    A new version of the ENERGY-10 computer program simulates the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems and evaluates a wide range of opportunities to improve energy efficiency in Buildings. This paper describes two test cases in which the beta release of ENERGY-10 version 1.4 was used to evaluate energy efficiency and Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) for two Federal Building projects: an office and laboratory Building at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Laboratory (SAO) in Hilo. Hawaii, and housing for visiting scientists at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center in Edgewater, Maryland. The capabilities of the software, the design assistance provided by ENERGY-10, and a synopsis of results are given. Estimates of annual energy delivery by the five PV arrays of the SAO are compared to F-Chart to help inform a validation of ENERGY-10. Results indicate that, by simulating both the Building electrical load and simultaneous PV performance for each hour of the year, ENERGY-10 facilitates a highly accurate, integrated analysis useful early in the design process. The simulation is especially useful in calculating the effect of PV on the Building peak load, and associated demand cost savings.

Mete A. Sozen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • can strengthening for earthquake improve blast and progressive collapse resistance
    Journal of Structural Engineering-asce, 2005
    Co-Authors: John R Hayes, Stanley C Woodson, Robert Pekelnicky, Chris Poland, Gene W Corley, Mete A. Sozen
    Abstract:

    Some engineers suggest that current seismic design provisions, both for new Buildings and for strengthened existing Buildings, can improve resistance to blast loads and progressive collapse. However, there have been few attempts to quantify such improvement. To begin analyzing this possible relationship between seismic detailing and blast and progressive collapse resistance, the Federal Emergency Management Agency of the Department of Homeland Security sponsored a study at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. The study was an analysis of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, which was severely damaged in a 1995 terrorist attack. The Building was first evaluated for seismic vulnerabilities as if it were located in a seismically active region. Three strengthening schemes were then designed for the vulnerabilities found during the evaluation: a pier-spandrel system and a new special concrete moment frame, both for the street face of the Building, and a set of internal shear walls. In addition to these strengthening schemes, the original ordinary concrete moment frame on the street face of the Building was redetailed to bring it into compliance with current Building code provisions, without including a lateral load analysis. The three strengthening schemes and redetailed frame were then analyzed for their responses to the same explosion that occurred in 1995. Blast and corresponding progressive collapse analyses showed that the pier-spandrel and special moment frame schemes, as well as the redetailed original system, reduced the degree of direct blast-induced damage and subsequent progressive collapse, compared with the behavior of the original Building. Internal shear walls, however, were not as effective in reducing the blast and progressive collapse damage. A key finding of the study was that strengthening the perimeter elements using current seismic detailing techniques improved the survivability of the Building, while strengthening elements internal to the Building envelope was not nearly as effective in reducing damage.

  • can strengthening for earthquake improve blast and progressive collapse resistance
    Journal of Structural Engineering-asce, 2005
    Co-Authors: John R Hayes, Stanley C Woodson, Robert Pekelnicky, Chris Poland, Gene W Corley, Mete A. Sozen
    Abstract:

    Some engineers suggest that current seismic design provisions, both for new Buildings and for strengthened existing Buildings, can improve resistance to blast loads and progressive collapse. However, there have been few attempts to quantify such improvement. To begin analyzing this possible relationship between seismic detailing and blast and progressive collapse resistance, the Federal Emergency Management Agency of the Department of Homeland Security sponsored a study at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. The study was an analysis of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, which was severely damaged in a 1995 terrorist attack. The Building was first evaluated for seismic vulnerabilities as if it were located in a seismically active region. Three strengthening schemes were then designed for the vulnerabilities found during the evaluation: a pier-spandrel system and a new special concrete moment frame, both for the street face of the Building, and a set of internal shear walls. In addition to these strengthening schemes, the original ordinary concrete moment frame on the street face of the Building was redetailed to bring it into compliance with current Building code provisions, without including a lateral load analysis. The three strengthening schemes and redetailed frame were then analyzed for their responses to the same explosion that occurred in 1995. Blast and corresponding progressive collapse analyses showed that the pier-spandrel and special moment frame schemes, as well as the redetailed original system, reduced the degree of direct blast-induced damage and subsequent progressive collapse, compared with the behavior of the original Building. Internal shear walls, however, were not as effective in reducing the blast and progressive collapse damage. A key finding of the study was that strengthening the perimeter elements using current seismic detailing techniques improved the survivability of the Building, while strengthening elements internal to the Building envelope was not nearly as effective in reducing damage.

  • The Oklahoma City Bombing: Structure and Mechanisms of the Murrah Building
    Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 1998
    Co-Authors: Mete A. Sozen, Charles H. Thornton, W. Gene Corley, Paul F. Mlakar
    Abstract:

    In May 1995, the Federal Emergency Management Agency deployed a Building performance assessment team composed of ASCE and Federal government engineers to investigate damage caused by the malevolent bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. This paper describes the investigation of damage caused by the blast, the failure mechanism for the Building, and engineering details of the Building.

F. Mahjouri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evacuated-Tube Heat-Pipe Solar Collectors Applied to the Recirculation Loop in a Federal Building: Preprint
    2004
    Co-Authors: A. Walker, F. Mahjouri, R. Stiteler
    Abstract:

    This paper describes the design, simulation, construction, and initial performance of a solar water heating system (a 360-tube evacuated-tube heat-pipe solar collector, 54 m2 in gross area, 36 m2 in net absorber area) installed at the top of the hot water recirculation loop in the Social Security Administration's Mid-Atlantic Center in Philadelphia. When solar energy is available, water returning to the hot water storage tank is heated by the solar array. This new approach, in contrast to the more conventional approach of preheating incoming water, is made possible by the thermal diode effect of heat pipes and low heat loss from evacuated-tube solar collectors. The simplicity of this approach and its low installation costs support the deployment of solar energy in existing commercial Buildings, especially where the roof is some distance away from the water heating system, which is often in the basement. Initial performance measurements of the system are reported.

  • evacuated tube heat pipe solar collectors applied to recirculation loop in a Federal Building ssa philadelphia
    Solar Energy, 2004
    Co-Authors: Andy Walker, F. Mahjouri, R. Stiteler
    Abstract:

    This paper describes design, simulation, construction and measured initial performance of a solar water heating system (360 Evacuated Heat-Pipe Collector tubes, 54 m 2 gross area, 36 m 2 net absorber area) installed at the top of the hot water recirculation loop in the Social Security Mid-Atlantic Center in Philadelphia. Water returning to the hot water storage tank is heated by the solar array when solar energy is available. This new approach, as opposed to the more conventional approach of preheating incoming water, is made possible by the thermal diode effect of heat pipes and low heat loss from evacuated tube solar collectors. The simplicity of this approach and its low installation costs makes the deployment of solar energy in existing commercial Buildings more attractive, especially where the roof is far removed from the water heating system, which is often in the basement. Initial observed performance of the system is reported. Hourly simulation estimates annual energy delivery of 111 GJ/year of solar heat and that the annual efficiency (based on the 54 m 2 gross area) of the solar collectors is 41%, and that of the entire system including parasitic pump power, heat loss due to freeze protection, and heat loss from connecting piping is 34%. Annual average collector efficiency based on a net aperture area of 36 m 2 is 61.5% according to the hourly simulation.

Betty Pfefferbaum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • provider perspectives on disaster mental health services in oklahoma city
    Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma, 2005
    Co-Authors: Fran H Norris, Patricia J Watson, Jessica L Hamblen, Betty Pfefferbaum
    Abstract:

    Seven years after the bombing of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, 34 individuals affiliated with various organizations were interviewed about their experiences in providing disaster mental health services to victims and the community. Their perspectives elucidated the importance of preparedness, training and education, local control, interagency cooperation, and psychosocial support for providers. Significant conflicts emerged among providers about credentials, referrals, the quality of services provided, and the appropriateness, in this context, of basing services solely on a crisis counseling model. The lack of ongoing needs assessment or evaluation data further fueled the debates. On the basis of the findings, the authors outline several recommendations for planning mental health responses to future terrorist attacks.

  • traumatic grief in a convenience sample of victims seeking support services after a terrorist incident
    Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 2001
    Co-Authors: Betty Pfefferbaum, John A Call, Jay S Lensgraf, Peteryne D Miller, Brian W Flynn, Debby E Doughty, Phebe Tucker, Warren Dickson
    Abstract:

    This report describes traumatic grief in 40 individuals who suffered losses in the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. We administered a self-report instrument 6 months after the bombing to assess demographics; exposure; injury; retrospective report of initial emotional and physiological reaction; and current posttraumatic stress symptoms, grief, safety concerns, and functioning. A strong association was found between posttraumatic stress symptoms and grief. The relationship between grief and difficulty functioning was stronger at higher levels of posttraumatic stress than at lower levels. The results support the construct of traumatic grief and have important implications for the treatment of people exposed to large-scale traumatic events and for the training of mental health professionals.

  • clinical needs assessment of middle and high school students following the 1995 oklahoma city bombing
    American Journal of Psychiatry, 1999
    Co-Authors: Betty Pfefferbaum, Sara Jo Nixon, Ronald S Krug, Rick Tivis, Vern L Moore, Janice M Brown, Robert S Pynoos, David W Foy, Robin H Gurwitch
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: This clinical assessment was designed to identify middle and high school students in need of formal evaluation for posttraumatic response symptoms following the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. METHOD: A clinical needs assessment instrument was developed and administered to grade 6 through 12 students 7 weeks after the bombing (N=3,218). RESULTS: More than 40% of the students reported knowing someone injured, and more than one-third reported knowing someone killed in the blast. Posttraumatic stress symptoms at 7 weeks significantly correlated with gender, exposure through knowing someone injured or killed, and bomb-related television viewing. CONCLUSIONS: This study documents the intensity of community exposure to the bombing and the lingering symptoms of stress. The assessment was used in planning for clinical service delivery, training professional responders, and supporting funding requests.