The Experts below are selected from a list of 93 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kristen M. Metcalf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Moderate-to-Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity on Overnight and Next-Day Hypoglycemia in Active Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Diabetes care, 2014Co-Authors: Kristen M. Metcalf, Ajay Singhvi, Eva Tsalikian, Michael Tansey, M. Bridget Zimmerman, Dale W. Esliger, Kathleen F. JanzAbstract:OBJECTIVE Physical activity (PA) provides many benefits to adolescents with type 1 diabetes; however, these individuals tend to have lower fitness and PA levels than their disease-free counterparts. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute temporal associations between moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and hypoglycemia (continuous glucose monitor [CGM] reading ≤70 mg/dL). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nineteen participants (53% females) 14–20 years old with type 1 diabetes were recruited. Participant fitness was evaluated via indirect calorimetry using a maximal exercise test; body composition was measured using air displacement plethysmography. An accelerometer was worn continuously (3–5 days) and acceleration data used to estimate MVPA (minutes per day). Blood glucose values were simultaneously tracked using CGM. Controlling for sex, percent body fat (%BF), fitness, and concurrent MVPA, the likelihood of nighttime and next-day hypoglycemia due to MVPA was examined using logistic regression. RESULTS Participants were of average fitness (females: 43.9 mL/kg/min; males: 49.8 mL/kg/min) and adiposity (females: 26.2%; males: 19.2%); 63.2% met the U.S. Federal Guideline of accumulating 60 min/day of MVPA. Hypoglycemia was 31% more likely in those who accumulated 30 min/day more MVPA in the previous afternoon than those with less (95% CI 1.05–1.63; P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that participating in afternoon MVPA increases the risk of overnight and next-day hypoglycemia, independent of sex, %BF, fitness, and concurrent MVPA. While promoting PA as a healthy behavior, it is important to educate adolescents with type 1 diabetes on prevention of hypoglycemia following PA.
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Effects of moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity on nocturnal and next day hypoglycemia in adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
1Co-Authors: Kristen M. MetcalfAbstract:Physical activity (PA) provides many benefits to adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM); however, adolescents with T1DM tend to have lower fitness and PA levels than their disease-free counterparts. One reason adolescents with T1DM engage in less PA is due to a fear of hypoglycemia. Most studies examining PA in relation to glycemic control measure PA through self-report, thus introducing bias. The purpose of this study was to objectively monitor PA and glucose in adolescents with T1DM to examine the temporal associations between moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and hypoglycemia. Twenty participants (14 to 19 yr, n=10 females and 10 males) with a clinical diagnosis of T1DM ≥ 1 year duration were recruited. Participant fitness was evaluated via indirect calorimetry (Parvo Medics, Sandy, UT) during a maximal treadmill exercise test, and body composition was measured using air displacement plethysmography (BOD POD Model 2007A, COSMED USA, Inc., Concord, CA). An accelerometer (GENEActiv, Activinsights Ltd, Kimbolton, UK) was worn on the wrist continuously for 3-5 days and the acceleration data were used to estimate MVPA in min/d. Blood glucose values were simultaneously tracked using continuous glucose monitoring (DexCom SEVEN PLUS, San Diego, CA). After controlling for sex, percent body fat (%BF), fitness, and next day MVPA, the likelihood of hypoglycemia (≤ 70 mg/dL) at nighttime or the next day due to MVPA was examined using logistic regression. Participants were of average fitness (females: 43.9 ml/kg/min; males: 49.8 ml/kg/min) and fatness (females: 26.2%; males: 19.2%), and 63.2% of participants met the US Federal Guideline of accumulating 60 min/d of MVPA. Hypoglycemia was 38% more likely in those who had 30 min/d more MVPA in the afternoon than those with less (95% CI: 1.13, 1.69; p=0.002).
Matthew H. Slawson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Effect of Hair Color on the Incorporation of Codeine into Human Hair
Journal of analytical toxicology, 2003Co-Authors: Douglas E. Rollins, Diana G. Wilkins, Gerald G. Krueger, M. Augsburger, Atsuhiro Mizuno, Carol L. O'neal, Chad R. Borges, Matthew H. SlawsonAbstract:The influence of melanin on the binding of xenobiotics in hair will impact the interpretation of drug concentrations determined by hair testing. The purpose of this study was to determine if codeine, as a model compound of abused drugs, would be incorporated into black, brown, blond, or red hair as a function of melanin concentration. Such data would assist in the interpretation of codeine concentrations in hair and help elucidate the potential influence of hair color on incorporation of drugs. Male and female Caucasians with black (n = 6), brown (n = 12), blond (n = 8), or red hair (n = 6) and non-Caucasians with black hair (n = 12) aged 21-40 years were enrolled in the study. Each subject was administered oral codeine phosphate syrup in a dosage of 30 mg three times a day for five days. Twenty-four hours after the end of the treatment period, a 30-mg codeine dose was administered and the subject's plasma area under the concentration time curve (AUC) for codeine was determined. Codeine and melanin were measured in the first 3 cm of hair closest to the vertex region of the scalp prior to and 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 weeks after dosing. The quantitative and qualitative melanin profiles were determined for each subject's hair to provide an objective measure of hair color. The plasma concentrations of codeine were measured to eliminate differences in the bioavailability and clearance of codeine as factors that might account for the differences in codeine hair concentrations. The subjects were asked not to cut their hair in the vertex region of the scalp or to use any form of chemical treatment on their hair, but otherwise normal hygienic measures were permitted. The mean (+/- SE) hair codeine concentrations 5 weeks after dosing were 1429 (+/- 249) pg/mg in black hair; 208 (+/- 17) pg/mg in brown hair; 99 (+/- 10) pg/mg in blond hair; and 69 (+/- 11) in red hair pg/mg. In black hair, codeine concentrations were 2564 (+/- 170) pg/mg for Asians and 865 (+/- 162) pg/mg for Caucasians. Similar concentration relationships were observed at weeks 4, 6, and 7. A strong relationship between the hair concentrations of codeine and melanin (R(2) = 0.73) was observed. Normalization of the codeine concentration with the melanin concentration reduced the hair color differences observed. These data demonstrate that the interpretation and reporting of hair test results for codeine are influenced by hair color. After this dosing protocol, the proposed Federal Guideline cutoff of 200 pg/mg of codeine would result in 100% of subjects with black hair and 50% of subjects with brown hair being reported as positive, and subjects with blond or red hair would be reported as negative. The incorporation of these drugs into hair should be studied carefully in humans to ensure the appropriate interpretation of drug concentrations.
Janet E. Fulton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Disparities in Adolescents' Residence in Neighborhoods Supportive of Physical Activity - United States, 2011-2012.
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2016Co-Authors: Kathleen B. Watson, Carmen D. Harris, Susan A. Carlson, Joan M. Dorn, Janet E. FultonAbstract:In 2013, only 27% of adolescents in grades 9-12 met the current Federal Guideline for aerobic physical activity (at least 60 minutes of physical activity each day*), and sex and racial/ethnic disparities in meeting the Guideline exist (1). The Community Preventive Services Task Force has recommended a range of community-level evidence-based approaches(†) to increase physical activity by improving neighborhood supports for physical activity.(§) To assess the characteristics of adolescents who live in neighborhoods that are supportive of physical activity, CDC analyzed data on U.S. children and adolescents aged 10-17 years (defined as adolescents for this report) from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). Overall, 65% of U.S. adolescents live in neighborhoods supportive of physical activity, defined as neighborhoods that are perceived as safe and have sidewalks or walking paths and parks, playgrounds, or recreation centers. Adolescents who were Hispanic and non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity; who lived in lower-income households, households with less educated parents, and rural areas; or who were overweight or obese were less likely to live in neighborhoods supportive of physical activity than were white adolescents and adolescents from higher income households, with a more highly educated parent, living in urban areas, and not overweight or obese. Within demographic groups, the largest disparity in the percentage of adolescents living in these neighborhoods was observed between adolescents living in households with a family income
Gopal K. Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Muscle-strengthening physical activity is associated with cancer mortality: results from the 1998-2011 National Health Interview Surveys, National Death Index record linkage.
Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2019Co-Authors: Mohamamd Siahpush, Paraskevi A. Farazi, Hongmei Wang, Regina E. Robbins, Gopal K. SinghAbstract:To examine the association of muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) and cancer mortality. We pooled data from the 1998 to 2009 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which were linked to records in the National Death Index. Mortality follow-up was through 31 December 2011. Based on U.S. Federal Guidelines for physical activity, we dichotomized MSA and compared those who performed MSA twice a week or more to others with lower MSA. We also examined dose–response relationship of MSA frequency with cancer mortality. Hazard ratios (HR) from Cox regression were computed to estimate the association of MSA with the risk of cancer mortality. Mean follow-up was 7.9 years and the analysis sample size was 310,282. Covariate-adjusted results showed that meeting the MSA Guideline was associated with a 19% lower risk of cancer mortality (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.73, 0.90). We found no evidence of a dose–response relationship between the frequency of performing MSA and cancer mortality. Adhering to the U.S. Federal Guideline for MSA is associated with lower cancer mortality. Public health programs and policy for cancer prevention and control should promote MSA to further reduce cancer mortality.
Corina Guethlin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comments on the article "the toxicology of mercury and its chemical compounds" by Clarkson and Magos (2006).
Critical reviews in toxicology, 2007Co-Authors: Joachim Mutter, Johannes Naumann, Corina GuethlinAbstract:Clarkson and Magos (2006) provide their perspectives on the toxicology of mercury vapor and dental amalgam. As scientists who are involved in preparing a German Federal Guideline regarding dental amalgam, we welcome additional scientific data on this issue. However, Clarkson and Magos do not present all the relevant studies in their review. The additional data provided here show that: (a) Dental amalgam is the main source of human total mercury body burden, because individuals with amalgam have 2-12 times more mercury in their body tissues compared to individuals without amalgam; (b) there is not necessarily a correlation between mercury levels in blood, urine, or hair and in body tissues, and none of the parameters correlate with severity of symptoms; (c) the half-life of mercury deposits in brain and bone tissues could last from several years to decades, and thus mercury accumulates over time of exposure; (d) mercury, in particular mercury vapor, is known to be the most toxic nonradioactive element, and is toxic even in very low doses, and (e) some studies which conclude that amalgam fillings are safe for human beings have important methodogical flaws. Therefore, they have no value for assessing the safety of amalgam.