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Michael G. Gänzle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Reutericyclin producing Lactobacillus reuteri modulates development of fecal microbiota in weanling pigs.
    Frontiers in microbiology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Yan Yang, Ruurd T. Zijlstra, Xin Zhao, Michael G. Gänzle
    Abstract:

    Lactobacillus reuteri is used as probiotic culture in food and Feed applications; however, strain specific properties of L. reuteri that mediate probiotic activity remain unknown. This study aimed to determine effects of Feed Fermentation with exopolysaccharide and reutericyclin producing L. reuteri on the transition of the gut microbiome of piglets after weaning. The reutericyclin and reuteran producing L. reuteri TMW1.656 was compared to the reutericyclin negative and levan producing L. reuteri LTH5794 and unfermented controls. Both strains were fermented at conditions supporting exopolysaccharide formation, or at conditions not supporting exopolysaccharide formation. Fecal microbiota were characterized by partial sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, and by quantitative PCR targeting clostridial toxins. The transition to solid food resulted in a transient increase of Proteobacteria to 12% of total bacteria, and increased bacterial diversity by increasing the abundance of anaerobic fiber fermenting Firmicutes. Three weeks after weaning, Prevotella and Lactobacillus were among the dominant bacterial genera. Feed Fermentation with L. reuteri affected the abundance of few bacterial taxa and particularly reduced the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.05) when compared to unfermented controls. Reutericyclin producing L. reuteri increased the abundance of Dialister spp. and Mitsuokella spp. (P < 0.05) but did not influence the abundance of clostridial toxins in the feces. In conclusion, data on the contribution of specific metabolic activities of L. reuteri to probiotic activity will facilitate the strain selection for probiotic applications in food and Feed.

  • Feed Fermentation with Reuteran- and Levan-Producing Lactobacillus reuteri Reduces Colonization of Weanling Pigs by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
    Applied and environmental microbiology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Yan Yang, Sandra Galle, Ruurd T. Zijlstra, Michael G. Gänzle
    Abstract:

    This study determined the effect of Feed Fermentation with Lactobacillus reuteri on growth performance and the abundance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in weanling piglets. L. reuteri strains produce reuteran or levan, exopolysaccharides that inhibit ETEC adhesion to the mucosa, and Feed Fermentation was conducted under conditions supporting exopolysaccharide formation and under conditions not supporting exopolysaccharide formation. Diets were chosen to assess the impact of organic acids and the impact of viable L. reuteri bacteria. Fecal samples were taken throughout 3 weeks of Feeding; at the end of the 21-day Feeding period, animals were euthanized to sample the gut digesta. The Feed intake was reduced in pigs fed diets containing exopolysaccharides; however, Feed efficiencies did not differ among the diets. Quantification of L. reuteri by quantitative PCR (qPCR) detected the two strains used for Feed Fermentation throughout the intestinal tract. Quantification of E. coli and ETEC virulence factors by qPCR demonstrated that fermented diets containing reuteran significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the copy numbers of genes for E. coli and the heat-stable enterotoxin in feces compared to those achieved with the control diet. Any fermented Feed significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the abundance of E. coli and the heat-stable enterotoxin in colonic digesta at 21 days; reuteran-containing diets reduced the copy numbers of the genes for E. coli and the heat-stable enterotoxin below the detection limit in samples from the ileum, the cecum, and the colon. In conclusion, Feed Fermentation with L. reuteri reduced the level of colonization of weaning piglets with ETEC, and Feed Fermentation supplied concentrations of reuteran that may specifically contribute to the effect on ETEC.

Yan Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Reutericyclin producing Lactobacillus reuteri modulates development of fecal microbiota in weanling pigs.
    Frontiers in microbiology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Yan Yang, Ruurd T. Zijlstra, Xin Zhao, Michael G. Gänzle
    Abstract:

    Lactobacillus reuteri is used as probiotic culture in food and Feed applications; however, strain specific properties of L. reuteri that mediate probiotic activity remain unknown. This study aimed to determine effects of Feed Fermentation with exopolysaccharide and reutericyclin producing L. reuteri on the transition of the gut microbiome of piglets after weaning. The reutericyclin and reuteran producing L. reuteri TMW1.656 was compared to the reutericyclin negative and levan producing L. reuteri LTH5794 and unfermented controls. Both strains were fermented at conditions supporting exopolysaccharide formation, or at conditions not supporting exopolysaccharide formation. Fecal microbiota were characterized by partial sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, and by quantitative PCR targeting clostridial toxins. The transition to solid food resulted in a transient increase of Proteobacteria to 12% of total bacteria, and increased bacterial diversity by increasing the abundance of anaerobic fiber fermenting Firmicutes. Three weeks after weaning, Prevotella and Lactobacillus were among the dominant bacterial genera. Feed Fermentation with L. reuteri affected the abundance of few bacterial taxa and particularly reduced the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.05) when compared to unfermented controls. Reutericyclin producing L. reuteri increased the abundance of Dialister spp. and Mitsuokella spp. (P < 0.05) but did not influence the abundance of clostridial toxins in the feces. In conclusion, data on the contribution of specific metabolic activities of L. reuteri to probiotic activity will facilitate the strain selection for probiotic applications in food and Feed.

  • Feed Fermentation with Reuteran- and Levan-Producing Lactobacillus reuteri Reduces Colonization of Weanling Pigs by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
    Applied and environmental microbiology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Yan Yang, Sandra Galle, Ruurd T. Zijlstra, Michael G. Gänzle
    Abstract:

    This study determined the effect of Feed Fermentation with Lactobacillus reuteri on growth performance and the abundance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in weanling piglets. L. reuteri strains produce reuteran or levan, exopolysaccharides that inhibit ETEC adhesion to the mucosa, and Feed Fermentation was conducted under conditions supporting exopolysaccharide formation and under conditions not supporting exopolysaccharide formation. Diets were chosen to assess the impact of organic acids and the impact of viable L. reuteri bacteria. Fecal samples were taken throughout 3 weeks of Feeding; at the end of the 21-day Feeding period, animals were euthanized to sample the gut digesta. The Feed intake was reduced in pigs fed diets containing exopolysaccharides; however, Feed efficiencies did not differ among the diets. Quantification of L. reuteri by quantitative PCR (qPCR) detected the two strains used for Feed Fermentation throughout the intestinal tract. Quantification of E. coli and ETEC virulence factors by qPCR demonstrated that fermented diets containing reuteran significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the copy numbers of genes for E. coli and the heat-stable enterotoxin in feces compared to those achieved with the control diet. Any fermented Feed significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the abundance of E. coli and the heat-stable enterotoxin in colonic digesta at 21 days; reuteran-containing diets reduced the copy numbers of the genes for E. coli and the heat-stable enterotoxin below the detection limit in samples from the ileum, the cecum, and the colon. In conclusion, Feed Fermentation with L. reuteri reduced the level of colonization of weaning piglets with ETEC, and Feed Fermentation supplied concentrations of reuteran that may specifically contribute to the effect on ETEC.

Ruurd T. Zijlstra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Reutericyclin producing Lactobacillus reuteri modulates development of fecal microbiota in weanling pigs.
    Frontiers in microbiology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Yan Yang, Ruurd T. Zijlstra, Xin Zhao, Michael G. Gänzle
    Abstract:

    Lactobacillus reuteri is used as probiotic culture in food and Feed applications; however, strain specific properties of L. reuteri that mediate probiotic activity remain unknown. This study aimed to determine effects of Feed Fermentation with exopolysaccharide and reutericyclin producing L. reuteri on the transition of the gut microbiome of piglets after weaning. The reutericyclin and reuteran producing L. reuteri TMW1.656 was compared to the reutericyclin negative and levan producing L. reuteri LTH5794 and unfermented controls. Both strains were fermented at conditions supporting exopolysaccharide formation, or at conditions not supporting exopolysaccharide formation. Fecal microbiota were characterized by partial sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, and by quantitative PCR targeting clostridial toxins. The transition to solid food resulted in a transient increase of Proteobacteria to 12% of total bacteria, and increased bacterial diversity by increasing the abundance of anaerobic fiber fermenting Firmicutes. Three weeks after weaning, Prevotella and Lactobacillus were among the dominant bacterial genera. Feed Fermentation with L. reuteri affected the abundance of few bacterial taxa and particularly reduced the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.05) when compared to unfermented controls. Reutericyclin producing L. reuteri increased the abundance of Dialister spp. and Mitsuokella spp. (P < 0.05) but did not influence the abundance of clostridial toxins in the feces. In conclusion, data on the contribution of specific metabolic activities of L. reuteri to probiotic activity will facilitate the strain selection for probiotic applications in food and Feed.

  • Feed Fermentation with Reuteran- and Levan-Producing Lactobacillus reuteri Reduces Colonization of Weanling Pigs by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
    Applied and environmental microbiology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Yan Yang, Sandra Galle, Ruurd T. Zijlstra, Michael G. Gänzle
    Abstract:

    This study determined the effect of Feed Fermentation with Lactobacillus reuteri on growth performance and the abundance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in weanling piglets. L. reuteri strains produce reuteran or levan, exopolysaccharides that inhibit ETEC adhesion to the mucosa, and Feed Fermentation was conducted under conditions supporting exopolysaccharide formation and under conditions not supporting exopolysaccharide formation. Diets were chosen to assess the impact of organic acids and the impact of viable L. reuteri bacteria. Fecal samples were taken throughout 3 weeks of Feeding; at the end of the 21-day Feeding period, animals were euthanized to sample the gut digesta. The Feed intake was reduced in pigs fed diets containing exopolysaccharides; however, Feed efficiencies did not differ among the diets. Quantification of L. reuteri by quantitative PCR (qPCR) detected the two strains used for Feed Fermentation throughout the intestinal tract. Quantification of E. coli and ETEC virulence factors by qPCR demonstrated that fermented diets containing reuteran significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the copy numbers of genes for E. coli and the heat-stable enterotoxin in feces compared to those achieved with the control diet. Any fermented Feed significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the abundance of E. coli and the heat-stable enterotoxin in colonic digesta at 21 days; reuteran-containing diets reduced the copy numbers of the genes for E. coli and the heat-stable enterotoxin below the detection limit in samples from the ileum, the cecum, and the colon. In conclusion, Feed Fermentation with L. reuteri reduced the level of colonization of weaning piglets with ETEC, and Feed Fermentation supplied concentrations of reuteran that may specifically contribute to the effect on ETEC.

María Dolores Carro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparison of Fermentation of diets of variable composition and microbial populations in the rumen of sheep and rusitec fermenters i digestibility Fermentation parameters and microbial growth
    Journal of Dairy Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: M E Martinez, María Dolores Carro, Maria Jose Ranilla, Maria L Tejido, S Ramos
    Abstract:

    Abstract Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated sheep and 8 Rusitec fermenters were used to determine the effects of forage to concentrate (F:C) ratio and type of forage in the diet on ruminal Fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. The purpose of the study was to assess how closely fermenters can mimic the dietary differences found in vivo. The 4 experimental diets contained F:C ratios of 70:30 or 30:70 with either alfalfa hay or grass hay as the forage. Microbial growth was determined in both systems using 15 N as a microbial marker. Rusitec fermenters detected differences between diets similar to those observed in sheep by changing F:C ratio on pH; neutral detergent fiber digestibility; total volatile fatty acid concentrations; molar proportions of acetate, propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, and caproate; and amylase activity. In contrast, Rusitec fermenters did not reproduce the dietary differences found in sheep for NH 3 -N and lactate concentrations, dry matter (DM) digestibility, proportions of isobutyrate and valerate, carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase activities, and microbial growth and its efficiency. Regarding the effect of the type of forage in the diet, Rusitec fermenters detected differences between diets similar to those found in sheep for most determined parameters, with the exception of pH, DM digestibility, butyrate proportion, and carboxymethylcellulase activity. Minimum pH and maximal volatile fatty acid concentrations were reached at 2h and at 6 to 8h postFeeding in sheep and fermenters, respectively, indicating that Feed Fermentation was slower in fermenters compared with that in sheep. There were differences between systems in the magnitude of most determined parameters. In general, fermenters showed lower lactate concentrations, neutral detergent fiber digestibility, acetate:propionate ratios, and enzymatic activities. On the contrary, fermenters showed greater NH 3 -N concentrations, DM digestibility, and proportions of propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, valerate, and caproate. Values of efficiency of microbial growth were greater in fermenters compared with sheep for 70:30 diets, but they were lower for 30:70 diets. Differences between Fermentation in sheep and fermenters can be mainly attributed to the lack of absorption in fermenters, differences in solid retention time, and compartmentalization in the Rusitec system. In general, the Rusitec system simulated more closely the in vivo Fermentation of high-forage diets compared with high-concentrate diets.

L.c. Chaudhary - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • In vitro Evaluation of Calcium Nitrate and a Blend of Plants Containing Secondary Metabolites for their Impact on Methanogenesis and Feed Fermentation
    Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 2017
    Co-Authors: V. P. Gupta, Devki Nandan Kamra, Neeta Agarwal, L.c. Chaudhary
    Abstract:

    Two blends of plant parts containing plant secondary metabolites; BPa-blend of fruit pulp of Terminalia chebula (harad), fruit pulp of Terminalia bellerica (bahera), seed cake of Madhuca longifolia (mahua), seed cake of Azadirachta indica (neem) mixed in equal proportion and BPb-a blend of fruit of Phyllanthus emblica (amla), seed of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) and seed of Trachyspermum ammi (ajwain) mixed in equal proportions were tested at 0, 10 and 20% of the substrate along with 0, 5 and 10% of calcium nitrate (CN) for their effects on in vitro methane production and Feed Fermentation. Inclusion of BPa (20%) + CN (10%) and BPb (20%) + CN (10%) did not affect gas production and Feed digestibility but there was a significant (P

  • Effect of a Blend of Essential Oils on Buffalo Rumen Microbial and Enzyme Profiles and In Vitro Feed Fermentation
    Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Anju Kala, Devki Nandan Kamra, Neeta Agarwal, L.c. Chaudhary
    Abstract:

    Three rumen-fistulated adult Murrah buffaloes (BW 426±45 kg) were arranged in a 3×3 LSD. The treatments involved supplementation of a blend (BEO-CL) of clove bud oleoresin and lemongrass oil (in 1:1 ratio) at the rate of 0, 0.75 and 1.5% of BW. After 20d of Feeding, the rumen liquor and rumen contents were sampled before (0h) and 4h after Feeding and analyzed for various parameters. There was neither any effect of Feed additive nor sampling time on the concentration of VFAs, NH3-N, lactic acid and activities of select enzymes (carboxymethylcellulase, avicelase, xylanase, amylase, β-glucosidase, α-glucosidase and acetyl esterase). The population of rumen bacteria, fungi, ciliate protozoa, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus and methanogens were not affected by BEO-CL supplementation. In vitro gas production test to evaluate various Feedstuffs namely hays (berseem, oat and maize); dry roughages (wheat straw, paddy straw and sugarcane bagasse) complete Feeds with 20:80, 35:65 and 50:50 concentrate: roughage ratio) as substrates was conducted using rumen liquor of these buffaloes as inocula. There was an increase in gas production with rumen liquor of BEO-CL supplemented buffaloes irrespective of substrate. Methane production was decreased with 0.75% BEO-CL supplemented inoculum but not with paddy straw and sugarcane bagasse. The in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of Feed was increased with BEO-CL inoculum only with complete diet having 20:80 concentrate:roughage ratio as substrate. It is concluded that BEO-CL at the level of 0.75% of BW did not affect rumen characteristics and major microbial populations but inhibited in vitro methane production; hence, it can be further explored for its use as a Feed additive to mitigate methane emission in buffaloes.

  • Effect of Plant Containing Secondary Metabolites on In vitro Methane Production and Feed Fermentation with Buffalo Rumen Liquor
    Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Inamdar Arif, L.c. Chaudhary, Neeta Agarwal, Devki Nandan Kamra
    Abstract:

    The present study was conducted to screen the plants containing secondary metabolites for their antimethanogenic activity by in vitro gas production system. A total 14 plant parts viz., leaves of babool (Acacia arabica), shirish (Albizzia lebbek), kathal (Artocarpus spp.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), pakar (Ficus infectoria), mentha (Mentha piperita), karanj (Pongomia pinnata), oak (Quercus spp.), arjuna (Terminalia arjuna), asoka (Aaraca indica), guava (Psidium gujava), mahua seed cake (Madhuka indica), harad seed pulp (Terminalia chebula) and seed of tamarind (Tamarindus indica) were screened using wheat straw and concentrate mixture (50: 50) as substrate and buffalo rumen liquor as inoculum. All the plant parts were added at 10% level. There was no effect on gas production by inclusion of any of the plant part, however, significant reduction in methane was observed by inclusion dry powder of eucalyptus leaves (E. globules), deoiled mahua cake (M. indica), and harad seed pulp (T. chebula) by 20.16, 22.41 and 17.48 per cent, respectively as compared to control. The in vitro true dry matter digestibility of Feed, production of TVFA and its fractions and acetate to propionate ratio were also similar with all the plant parts except with tamarid (T. indica) seeds and shirish (A. lebbek) leaves, where TVFA was significantly higher than control. Various combinations of deoiled mahua cake and harad did not have any additive effect on inhibition of in vitro methane production. The results revealed that the plants containing secondary metabolites tested, have potential to be used as Feed additive.

  • Effects of Essential Oils on In Vitro Methanogenesis and Feed Fermentation with Buffalo Rumen Liquor
    Agricultural Research, 2014
    Co-Authors: Mahesh M. Pawar, Neeta Agarwal, D. N. Kamra, L.c. Chaudhary
    Abstract:

    Seven essential oils (EOs): garlic ( Allium sativum ), clove ( Syzygium aromaticum ), lemongrass ( Cymbopogon citratus ), wild turmeric ( Curcuma aromatica ), turmeric ( Curcuma longa ) and cinnamon ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum ) were evaluated as rumen modifier to mitigate methane emission. The lowest level of EOs tested in this experiment (167 μl l^−1 of incubation medium) was the most appropriate level of inclusion as higher doses were detrimental for Feed digestibility and Fermentation. At this level, methane inhibition was maximum (38.5 %) with garlic oil (GO) followed by cinnamon bark oil (CiBO; 34.9 %), wild turmeric oil (15.5 %), clove bud oil (CBO; 12.9 %), clove leaf oil (8.0 %), lemongrass oil (7.3 %) and turmeric oil (no effect). Feed digestibility was significantly hampered by CBO and CiBO. The response of GO was different from that of other oils as inclusion of GO at 167 μl l^−1 of incubation medium resulted in 38.5 % decrease in methane production, significant increase in total volatile fatty acids and propionate production, a decrease in acetate to propionate ratio and had no effect on Feed digestibility. All the oils suppressed ammonia production. Partitioning factor, which indicates efficiency of microbial biomass production, was also increased by inclusion of all the seven oils. The CiBO was detrimental for Feed Fermentation even at the lowest dose of 167 μl l^−1 of incubation medium. The data indicated that GO was the most promising Feed additive which caused maximum methane inhibition and had the minimum adverse effect on Feed digestibility.

  • Effect of a Blend of Essential Oils on In Vitro Methanogenesis and Feed Fermentation With Buffalo Rumen Liquor
    Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Yatoo, L.c. Chaudhary, Neeta Agarwal, Devki Nandan Kamra
    Abstract:

    Essential oils (EOs) are effective antimethanogenic agents but some of them have adverse effect on Feed digestibility. Therefore, a blend of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) oil, garlic (Allium sativum) oil and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) leaf oil (BEO) having anti-methanogenic activities was used at lower concentrations to avoid adverse effect on digestibility of Feed in an in vitro gas production test. Inclusion of the BEO at graded levels of 0.66, 1.0, 1.33, 1.66 and 2.0 μl/ml of incubation medium resulted in a linear depression (P