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Valentina Trinetta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Potential risk‐factors affecting Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli occurrence and distribution in Midwestern United States swine Feed Mills
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Gabriela Magossi, Jason C Woodworth, E. Lambertini, Lance W. Noll, Jianfa Bai, C. K. Jones, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, R. Phebus, Valentina TrinettaAbstract:Aim This study aimed to evaluate the patterns and potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli in selected United States swine Feed Mills. Methods and results A total of 405 samples were collected during fall 2018, spring and summer 2019 from selected sites including floors, equipment, shoes and Feed in six Feed Mills in the US Midwest region. Each sample was analysed for the presence of Salmonella and E. coli with culture methods and confirmed by PCR. A survey regarding production volumes, hygiene practices and microbial testing capabilities was conducted in each facility All Mills had at least one sampling site positive for either Salmonella or E. coli. Of the 405 samples, 4·7, and 14·1% were positive for Salmonella sp., and E. coli respectively. Sites with higher percentages of positive samples were the receiving, manufacturing, and control area floors. The survey responses indicated that the age of the mill might be a risk factor for bacterial contamination: the older the facility, the higher the number of positive samples. Other risk factors evaluated, such as the production capacity, did not appear to relate to bacterial prevalence. Conclusion The data documents the presence of E. coli and Salmonella in selected US swine Feed Mills, and an association between E. coli occurrence and number of ingredient suppliers to Feed mill. Significance and impact of the study This information could be used to understand risk factors affecting the occurrence of Salmonella sp. and E. coli in Feed Mills and help implement monitoring and mitigation strategies for public health.
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potential risk factors affecting salmonella sp and escherichia coli occurrence and distribution in midwestern united states swine Feed Mills
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Gabriela Magossi, Jason C Woodworth, E. Lambertini, Lance W. Noll, Jianfa Bai, C. K. Jones, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, R. Phebus, Valentina TrinettaAbstract:Aim This study aimed to evaluate the patterns and potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli in selected United States swine Feed Mills. Methods and results A total of 405 samples were collected during fall 2018, spring and summer 2019 from selected sites including floors, equipment, shoes and Feed in six Feed Mills in the US Midwest region. Each sample was analysed for the presence of Salmonella and E. coli with culture methods and confirmed by PCR. A survey regarding production volumes, hygiene practices and microbial testing capabilities was conducted in each facility All Mills had at least one sampling site positive for either Salmonella or E. coli. Of the 405 samples, 4·7, and 14·1% were positive for Salmonella sp., and E. coli respectively. Sites with higher percentages of positive samples were the receiving, manufacturing, and control area floors. The survey responses indicated that the age of the mill might be a risk factor for bacterial contamination: the older the facility, the higher the number of positive samples. Other risk factors evaluated, such as the production capacity, did not appear to relate to bacterial prevalence. Conclusion The data documents the presence of E. coli and Salmonella in selected US swine Feed Mills, and an association between E. coli occurrence and number of ingredient suppliers to Feed mill. Significance and impact of the study This information could be used to understand risk factors affecting the occurrence of Salmonella sp. and E. coli in Feed Mills and help implement monitoring and mitigation strategies for public health.
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Characterization of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Selected U.S. Swine Feed Mills by Whole-Genome Sequencing
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Valentina Trinetta, Gabriela Magossi, Sandra M. Tallent, Marc W. Allard, Eric W. Brown, Sara LomonacoAbstract:Every year salmonellosis is responsible for $2.3 billion in costs to the U.S. food industry, with nearly 6% of the reported cases associated with pork and/or pork products. Several studies have demonstrated the role of pigs as Salmonella reservoirs. Furthermore, this pathogen has been identified as a potential biological hazard in many livestock Feeds. The overall objective of this research was to characterize Salmonella enterica isolates in selected U.S. swine Feed Mills by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and evaluate isolates in association with the season and Feed production stages. Salmonella isolates were collected from 11 facilities during a previous study. Samples were analyzed for Salmonella prevalence following the U.S. Department of Agriculture guidelines and confirmed by PCR. WGS was carried out on either the MiSeq or NextSeq sequencer. De novo genome assemblies were obtained with the Shovill pipeline, version 0.9. ResFinder and SPIFinder were used to identify antibiotic resistance genes and pathogenicity islands. Finally, their phylogenetic relationship and diversity were determined by core genome multilocus sequence typing. Overall, our analysis showed the presence of S. enterica in the Feed mill environment. Isolates belonged to 16 different serotypes. Salmonella Agona, Salmonella Mbandaka, Salmonella Senfenberg, and Salmonella Scharzengrund were the most frequently found, and 18 single-nucleotide polymorphism clusters were identified. In silico analysis showed that 40% of the strains carried at least one antimicrobial resistance gene. All isolates in this study could be considered of public health concern and pathogenic potential. Our findings underscore the potential role of the Feed mill environment as the pathogen entry route into the human food value chain.
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PSI-7 Prevalence and distribution of Senecavirus A in United States swine Feed Mills
Journal of Animal Science, 2019Co-Authors: Shannon P Ney, Steve S Dritz, Jason C Woodworth, Valentina Trinetta, Vlad Petrovan, Savannah C Stewart, S Davis, Megan C. Niederwerder, Bob Rowland, Chad B PaulkAbstract:Abstract There is limited information about Senecavirus A (SVA) transmission in the Feed supply chain. The objective of this experiment was to determine the prevalence and distribution of SVA in U.S. swine Feed Mills. A total of 375 samples were collected from 11 surfaces + one Feed sample collected from 11 different Feed Mills in 8 different states. Due to the seasonality associated with pathogenic hazards, the same locations in Feed Mills were swabbed in Late Fall 2016, Winter 2016/17, and Summer 2017. Surfaces were swabbed according to the Centers for Disease Control protocols for collecting environmental samples using pre-moistened environmental swabs in 5 mL of neutralizing broth. Detection of SVA was performed via RT-PCR and reported in Cycle threshold (Ct). Data were analyzed using the freq procedure of SAS, with chi-square test to determine the prevalence of SVA within season or distribution among Feed mill locations. Notably, no Mills were manufacturing Feed for SVA-positive herds at the time of analysis. Five of 375 samples analyzed positive for SVA, with Ct ranging from 37.4 to 39.9. There was a tendency (P = 0.069) for SVA prevalence to be greater in winter than late fall or summer. There was no detected impact (P = 0.409) of SVA distribution varying across location within Feed mill. A sow farm being fed by the mill with SVA on worker shoes was subsequently diagnosed with SVA after the sample as collected. These results indicate that SVA was not widespread throughout the swine Feed Mills analyzed in this experiment. However, we are unaware of any other studies evaluating presence in Feed Mills. Little is known about SVV transmission, but the clinically affected farm fed out of the mill with SVV presence suggest further investigation, as Feed or Feed delivery may be a route of entry into farms.
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seasonal presence of salmonella spp salmonella typhimurium and its monophasic variant serotype i 4 5 12 i in selected united states swine Feed Mills
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Gabriela Magossi, Natalia Cernicchiaro, Cassandra K. Jones, Jianfa Bai, Elizabeth Porter, Valentina TrinettaAbstract:This study evaluated the seasonal prevalence and distribution of Salmonella spp., Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) and its monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- (STM), in selected swine Feed Mills across the United States. Eleven facilities were selected for this study and 12 sites were sampled within each mill during fall 2016, early spring 2017, and summer 2017. Samples were evaluated following the USDA-FSIS guidelines for Salmonella isolation and culture positive samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A multiplex real-time PCR was used to differentiate ST and STM from other serotypes. Associations between season, mill, and sample site with Salmonella presence were investigated using generalized linear mixed models. Both season (p < 0.007) and mill (p < 0.005) were significantly associated with Salmonella spp. presence. Fall months were associated with a higher Salmonella prevalence (13.2%) compared with early spring and summer. A total of five isolates, among the 383 samples were serotyped as ST and STM. These two serotypes showed a similar seasonal presence throughout the study, being found during fall and summer seasons. These findings demonstrated the seasonal presence of Salmonella spp. in Feed Mills and the role of these environments as potential pathogen entry route into the human food chain.
Gabriela Magossi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Potential risk‐factors affecting Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli occurrence and distribution in Midwestern United States swine Feed Mills
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Gabriela Magossi, Jason C Woodworth, E. Lambertini, Lance W. Noll, Jianfa Bai, C. K. Jones, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, R. Phebus, Valentina TrinettaAbstract:Aim This study aimed to evaluate the patterns and potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli in selected United States swine Feed Mills. Methods and results A total of 405 samples were collected during fall 2018, spring and summer 2019 from selected sites including floors, equipment, shoes and Feed in six Feed Mills in the US Midwest region. Each sample was analysed for the presence of Salmonella and E. coli with culture methods and confirmed by PCR. A survey regarding production volumes, hygiene practices and microbial testing capabilities was conducted in each facility All Mills had at least one sampling site positive for either Salmonella or E. coli. Of the 405 samples, 4·7, and 14·1% were positive for Salmonella sp., and E. coli respectively. Sites with higher percentages of positive samples were the receiving, manufacturing, and control area floors. The survey responses indicated that the age of the mill might be a risk factor for bacterial contamination: the older the facility, the higher the number of positive samples. Other risk factors evaluated, such as the production capacity, did not appear to relate to bacterial prevalence. Conclusion The data documents the presence of E. coli and Salmonella in selected US swine Feed Mills, and an association between E. coli occurrence and number of ingredient suppliers to Feed mill. Significance and impact of the study This information could be used to understand risk factors affecting the occurrence of Salmonella sp. and E. coli in Feed Mills and help implement monitoring and mitigation strategies for public health.
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potential risk factors affecting salmonella sp and escherichia coli occurrence and distribution in midwestern united states swine Feed Mills
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Gabriela Magossi, Jason C Woodworth, E. Lambertini, Lance W. Noll, Jianfa Bai, C. K. Jones, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, R. Phebus, Valentina TrinettaAbstract:Aim This study aimed to evaluate the patterns and potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli in selected United States swine Feed Mills. Methods and results A total of 405 samples were collected during fall 2018, spring and summer 2019 from selected sites including floors, equipment, shoes and Feed in six Feed Mills in the US Midwest region. Each sample was analysed for the presence of Salmonella and E. coli with culture methods and confirmed by PCR. A survey regarding production volumes, hygiene practices and microbial testing capabilities was conducted in each facility All Mills had at least one sampling site positive for either Salmonella or E. coli. Of the 405 samples, 4·7, and 14·1% were positive for Salmonella sp., and E. coli respectively. Sites with higher percentages of positive samples were the receiving, manufacturing, and control area floors. The survey responses indicated that the age of the mill might be a risk factor for bacterial contamination: the older the facility, the higher the number of positive samples. Other risk factors evaluated, such as the production capacity, did not appear to relate to bacterial prevalence. Conclusion The data documents the presence of E. coli and Salmonella in selected US swine Feed Mills, and an association between E. coli occurrence and number of ingredient suppliers to Feed mill. Significance and impact of the study This information could be used to understand risk factors affecting the occurrence of Salmonella sp. and E. coli in Feed Mills and help implement monitoring and mitigation strategies for public health.
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Characterization of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Selected U.S. Swine Feed Mills by Whole-Genome Sequencing
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Valentina Trinetta, Gabriela Magossi, Sandra M. Tallent, Marc W. Allard, Eric W. Brown, Sara LomonacoAbstract:Every year salmonellosis is responsible for $2.3 billion in costs to the U.S. food industry, with nearly 6% of the reported cases associated with pork and/or pork products. Several studies have demonstrated the role of pigs as Salmonella reservoirs. Furthermore, this pathogen has been identified as a potential biological hazard in many livestock Feeds. The overall objective of this research was to characterize Salmonella enterica isolates in selected U.S. swine Feed Mills by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and evaluate isolates in association with the season and Feed production stages. Salmonella isolates were collected from 11 facilities during a previous study. Samples were analyzed for Salmonella prevalence following the U.S. Department of Agriculture guidelines and confirmed by PCR. WGS was carried out on either the MiSeq or NextSeq sequencer. De novo genome assemblies were obtained with the Shovill pipeline, version 0.9. ResFinder and SPIFinder were used to identify antibiotic resistance genes and pathogenicity islands. Finally, their phylogenetic relationship and diversity were determined by core genome multilocus sequence typing. Overall, our analysis showed the presence of S. enterica in the Feed mill environment. Isolates belonged to 16 different serotypes. Salmonella Agona, Salmonella Mbandaka, Salmonella Senfenberg, and Salmonella Scharzengrund were the most frequently found, and 18 single-nucleotide polymorphism clusters were identified. In silico analysis showed that 40% of the strains carried at least one antimicrobial resistance gene. All isolates in this study could be considered of public health concern and pathogenic potential. Our findings underscore the potential role of the Feed mill environment as the pathogen entry route into the human food value chain.
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seasonal presence of salmonella spp salmonella typhimurium and its monophasic variant serotype i 4 5 12 i in selected united states swine Feed Mills
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Gabriela Magossi, Natalia Cernicchiaro, Cassandra K. Jones, Jianfa Bai, Elizabeth Porter, Valentina TrinettaAbstract:This study evaluated the seasonal prevalence and distribution of Salmonella spp., Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) and its monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- (STM), in selected swine Feed Mills across the United States. Eleven facilities were selected for this study and 12 sites were sampled within each mill during fall 2016, early spring 2017, and summer 2017. Samples were evaluated following the USDA-FSIS guidelines for Salmonella isolation and culture positive samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A multiplex real-time PCR was used to differentiate ST and STM from other serotypes. Associations between season, mill, and sample site with Salmonella presence were investigated using generalized linear mixed models. Both season (p < 0.007) and mill (p < 0.005) were significantly associated with Salmonella spp. presence. Fall months were associated with a higher Salmonella prevalence (13.2%) compared with early spring and summer. A total of five isolates, among the 383 samples were serotyped as ST and STM. These two serotypes showed a similar seasonal presence throughout the study, being found during fall and summer seasons. These findings demonstrated the seasonal presence of Salmonella spp. in Feed Mills and the role of these environments as potential pathogen entry route into the human food chain.
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Seasonal Presence of Salmonella spp., Salmonella Typhimurium and Its Monophasic Variant Serotype I 4,[5],12:i:-, in Selected United States Swine Feed Mills
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Gabriela Magossi, Natalia Cernicchiaro, Cassandra K. Jones, Jianfa Bai, Elizabeth Porter, Valentina TrinettaAbstract:This study evaluated the seasonal prevalence and distribution of Salmonella spp., Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) and its monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- (STM), in selected swine Feed Mills across the United States. Eleven facilities were selected for this study and 12 sites were sampled within each mill during fall 2016, early spring 2017, and summer 2017. Samples were evaluated following the USDA-FSIS guidelines for Salmonella isolation and culture positive samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A multiplex real-time PCR was used to differentiate ST and STM from other serotypes. Associations between season, mill, and sample site with Salmonella presence were investigated using generalized linear mixed models. Both season (p
Jianfa Bai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Potential risk‐factors affecting Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli occurrence and distribution in Midwestern United States swine Feed Mills
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Gabriela Magossi, Jason C Woodworth, E. Lambertini, Lance W. Noll, Jianfa Bai, C. K. Jones, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, R. Phebus, Valentina TrinettaAbstract:Aim This study aimed to evaluate the patterns and potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli in selected United States swine Feed Mills. Methods and results A total of 405 samples were collected during fall 2018, spring and summer 2019 from selected sites including floors, equipment, shoes and Feed in six Feed Mills in the US Midwest region. Each sample was analysed for the presence of Salmonella and E. coli with culture methods and confirmed by PCR. A survey regarding production volumes, hygiene practices and microbial testing capabilities was conducted in each facility All Mills had at least one sampling site positive for either Salmonella or E. coli. Of the 405 samples, 4·7, and 14·1% were positive for Salmonella sp., and E. coli respectively. Sites with higher percentages of positive samples were the receiving, manufacturing, and control area floors. The survey responses indicated that the age of the mill might be a risk factor for bacterial contamination: the older the facility, the higher the number of positive samples. Other risk factors evaluated, such as the production capacity, did not appear to relate to bacterial prevalence. Conclusion The data documents the presence of E. coli and Salmonella in selected US swine Feed Mills, and an association between E. coli occurrence and number of ingredient suppliers to Feed mill. Significance and impact of the study This information could be used to understand risk factors affecting the occurrence of Salmonella sp. and E. coli in Feed Mills and help implement monitoring and mitigation strategies for public health.
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potential risk factors affecting salmonella sp and escherichia coli occurrence and distribution in midwestern united states swine Feed Mills
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Gabriela Magossi, Jason C Woodworth, E. Lambertini, Lance W. Noll, Jianfa Bai, C. K. Jones, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, R. Phebus, Valentina TrinettaAbstract:Aim This study aimed to evaluate the patterns and potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli in selected United States swine Feed Mills. Methods and results A total of 405 samples were collected during fall 2018, spring and summer 2019 from selected sites including floors, equipment, shoes and Feed in six Feed Mills in the US Midwest region. Each sample was analysed for the presence of Salmonella and E. coli with culture methods and confirmed by PCR. A survey regarding production volumes, hygiene practices and microbial testing capabilities was conducted in each facility All Mills had at least one sampling site positive for either Salmonella or E. coli. Of the 405 samples, 4·7, and 14·1% were positive for Salmonella sp., and E. coli respectively. Sites with higher percentages of positive samples were the receiving, manufacturing, and control area floors. The survey responses indicated that the age of the mill might be a risk factor for bacterial contamination: the older the facility, the higher the number of positive samples. Other risk factors evaluated, such as the production capacity, did not appear to relate to bacterial prevalence. Conclusion The data documents the presence of E. coli and Salmonella in selected US swine Feed Mills, and an association between E. coli occurrence and number of ingredient suppliers to Feed mill. Significance and impact of the study This information could be used to understand risk factors affecting the occurrence of Salmonella sp. and E. coli in Feed Mills and help implement monitoring and mitigation strategies for public health.
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seasonal presence of salmonella spp salmonella typhimurium and its monophasic variant serotype i 4 5 12 i in selected united states swine Feed Mills
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Gabriela Magossi, Natalia Cernicchiaro, Cassandra K. Jones, Jianfa Bai, Elizabeth Porter, Valentina TrinettaAbstract:This study evaluated the seasonal prevalence and distribution of Salmonella spp., Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) and its monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- (STM), in selected swine Feed Mills across the United States. Eleven facilities were selected for this study and 12 sites were sampled within each mill during fall 2016, early spring 2017, and summer 2017. Samples were evaluated following the USDA-FSIS guidelines for Salmonella isolation and culture positive samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A multiplex real-time PCR was used to differentiate ST and STM from other serotypes. Associations between season, mill, and sample site with Salmonella presence were investigated using generalized linear mixed models. Both season (p < 0.007) and mill (p < 0.005) were significantly associated with Salmonella spp. presence. Fall months were associated with a higher Salmonella prevalence (13.2%) compared with early spring and summer. A total of five isolates, among the 383 samples were serotyped as ST and STM. These two serotypes showed a similar seasonal presence throughout the study, being found during fall and summer seasons. These findings demonstrated the seasonal presence of Salmonella spp. in Feed Mills and the role of these environments as potential pathogen entry route into the human food chain.
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Seasonal Presence of Salmonella spp., Salmonella Typhimurium and Its Monophasic Variant Serotype I 4,[5],12:i:-, in Selected United States Swine Feed Mills
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Gabriela Magossi, Natalia Cernicchiaro, Cassandra K. Jones, Jianfa Bai, Elizabeth Porter, Valentina TrinettaAbstract:This study evaluated the seasonal prevalence and distribution of Salmonella spp., Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) and its monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- (STM), in selected swine Feed Mills across the United States. Eleven facilities were selected for this study and 12 sites were sampled within each mill during fall 2016, early spring 2017, and summer 2017. Samples were evaluated following the USDA-FSIS guidelines for Salmonella isolation and culture positive samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A multiplex real-time PCR was used to differentiate ST and STM from other serotypes. Associations between season, mill, and sample site with Salmonella presence were investigated using generalized linear mixed models. Both season (p
Cassandra K. Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seasonal presence of salmonella spp salmonella typhimurium and its monophasic variant serotype i 4 5 12 i in selected united states swine Feed Mills
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Gabriela Magossi, Natalia Cernicchiaro, Cassandra K. Jones, Jianfa Bai, Elizabeth Porter, Valentina TrinettaAbstract:This study evaluated the seasonal prevalence and distribution of Salmonella spp., Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) and its monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- (STM), in selected swine Feed Mills across the United States. Eleven facilities were selected for this study and 12 sites were sampled within each mill during fall 2016, early spring 2017, and summer 2017. Samples were evaluated following the USDA-FSIS guidelines for Salmonella isolation and culture positive samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A multiplex real-time PCR was used to differentiate ST and STM from other serotypes. Associations between season, mill, and sample site with Salmonella presence were investigated using generalized linear mixed models. Both season (p < 0.007) and mill (p < 0.005) were significantly associated with Salmonella spp. presence. Fall months were associated with a higher Salmonella prevalence (13.2%) compared with early spring and summer. A total of five isolates, among the 383 samples were serotyped as ST and STM. These two serotypes showed a similar seasonal presence throughout the study, being found during fall and summer seasons. These findings demonstrated the seasonal presence of Salmonella spp. in Feed Mills and the role of these environments as potential pathogen entry route into the human food chain.
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Seasonal Presence of Salmonella spp., Salmonella Typhimurium and Its Monophasic Variant Serotype I 4,[5],12:i:-, in Selected United States Swine Feed Mills
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Gabriela Magossi, Natalia Cernicchiaro, Cassandra K. Jones, Jianfa Bai, Elizabeth Porter, Valentina TrinettaAbstract:This study evaluated the seasonal prevalence and distribution of Salmonella spp., Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) and its monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- (STM), in selected swine Feed Mills across the United States. Eleven facilities were selected for this study and 12 sites were sampled within each mill during fall 2016, early spring 2017, and summer 2017. Samples were evaluated following the USDA-FSIS guidelines for Salmonella isolation and culture positive samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A multiplex real-time PCR was used to differentiate ST and STM from other serotypes. Associations between season, mill, and sample site with Salmonella presence were investigated using generalized linear mixed models. Both season (p
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Evaluation of Salmonella presence in selected United States Feed Mills.
MicrobiologyOpen, 2018Co-Authors: Gabriela Magossi, Natalia Cernicchiaro, Steve S Dritz, Terry A. Houser, Jason C Woodworth, Cassandra K. Jones, Valentina TrinettaAbstract:Salmonella is a pathogen of public health concern. Each year, Salmonella infections cost to the food industry approximately $2.3 billion and 33% of the reported cases are associated with beef, poultry, or pork. Pathogen presence in Feed Mills can represent one of the many potential routes for entry and transmission into the food production chain. Nevertheless, little is known about Salmonella incidence and association with these types of environments. The objective of this study was to investigate Salmonella presence in different Feed Mills across the United States. Eleven facilities were selected in eight states and 12 sites were sampled within each Feed mill. Samples were analyzed following the FSIS guidelines for isolation and identification of Salmonella. Positive isolates were further investigated by a PCR analysis targeting the invA gene to differentiate for Salmonella enterica. The total number of environmental samples collected was 237: 66% resulted culture positive and 13.1% were PCR positive. All sampled Feed Mills had at least one culture positive site and following production flow the number of positive samples decreased from ingredient receiving to final product. These preliminary results demonstrate the presence of Salmonella in selected United States Feed Mills and suggest their potential role as vehicle for pathogen transmission and spread into the food production chain.
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Feed mill biosecurity plans: A systematic approach to prevent biological pathogens in swine Feed
Journal of Swine Health and Production, 2016Co-Authors: R. A. Cochrane, Steve S Dritz, Jason C Woodworth, Charles R. Stark, A. R. Huss, Jean Paul Cano, Robert W. Thompson, A.c. Fahrenholz, Cassandra K. JonesAbstract:Development of a Feed mill biosecurity plan can minimize risk of introduction of biologic hazards and limit potential economic losses from animal or human pathogens such as Salmonella and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. A biosecurity plan should be detailed and contain hazard controls at each step of the manufacturing process. Biologic hazards can cause illness or injury in humans or animals. These hazards can be introduced through a number of means, including ingredients, manufacturing equipment, or people, so controls must aim to prevent or reduce their prevalence. The Food Safety Modernization Act requires most Feed Mills to identify and control hazards. A biosecurity plan can serve as an effective prerequisite program to reduce the likelihood of a biological hazard occurrence by identifying ingredient specifications, sampling methods, analytical procedures, receiving guidelines, equipment cleanout, production parameters, load-out, and sanitation procedures. The objective of this review is to describe biological hazards that may be present in swine Feed, locations of their potential entry, and suggested practices for a successful biosecurity plan for Feed Mills manufacturing swine Feed.
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evaluation of a biological pathogen decontamination protocol for animal Feed Mills
Journal of Food Protection, 2015Co-Authors: A. R. Huss, R. A. Cochrane, Aiswariya Deliephan, C R Stark, Cassandra K. JonesAbstract:Animal Feed and ingredients are potential vectors of pathogenic bacteria. Contaminated ingredients can contaminate facility equipment, leading to cross-contamination of other products. This experiment was conducted to evaluate a standardized protocol for decontamination of an animal Feed manufacturing facility using Enterococcus faecium (ATCC 31282) as an indicator. A pelleted swine diet inoculated with E. faecium was manufactured, and environmental samples (swabs, replicate organism detection and counting plates, and air samples) were collected (i) before inoculation (baseline data), (ii) after production of inoculated Feed, (iii) after physical removal of organic material using pressurized air, (iv) after application of a chemical sanitizer containing a quaternary ammonium–glutaraldehyde blend, (v) after application of a chemical sanitizer containing sodium hypochlorite, (vi) after facility heat-up to 60°C for 24 h, (vii) for 48 h, and (viii) for 72 h. Air samples collected outside the facility confirme...
Jason C Woodworth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Potential risk‐factors affecting Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli occurrence and distribution in Midwestern United States swine Feed Mills
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Gabriela Magossi, Jason C Woodworth, E. Lambertini, Lance W. Noll, Jianfa Bai, C. K. Jones, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, R. Phebus, Valentina TrinettaAbstract:Aim This study aimed to evaluate the patterns and potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli in selected United States swine Feed Mills. Methods and results A total of 405 samples were collected during fall 2018, spring and summer 2019 from selected sites including floors, equipment, shoes and Feed in six Feed Mills in the US Midwest region. Each sample was analysed for the presence of Salmonella and E. coli with culture methods and confirmed by PCR. A survey regarding production volumes, hygiene practices and microbial testing capabilities was conducted in each facility All Mills had at least one sampling site positive for either Salmonella or E. coli. Of the 405 samples, 4·7, and 14·1% were positive for Salmonella sp., and E. coli respectively. Sites with higher percentages of positive samples were the receiving, manufacturing, and control area floors. The survey responses indicated that the age of the mill might be a risk factor for bacterial contamination: the older the facility, the higher the number of positive samples. Other risk factors evaluated, such as the production capacity, did not appear to relate to bacterial prevalence. Conclusion The data documents the presence of E. coli and Salmonella in selected US swine Feed Mills, and an association between E. coli occurrence and number of ingredient suppliers to Feed mill. Significance and impact of the study This information could be used to understand risk factors affecting the occurrence of Salmonella sp. and E. coli in Feed Mills and help implement monitoring and mitigation strategies for public health.
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potential risk factors affecting salmonella sp and escherichia coli occurrence and distribution in midwestern united states swine Feed Mills
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Gabriela Magossi, Jason C Woodworth, E. Lambertini, Lance W. Noll, Jianfa Bai, C. K. Jones, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, R. Phebus, Valentina TrinettaAbstract:Aim This study aimed to evaluate the patterns and potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli in selected United States swine Feed Mills. Methods and results A total of 405 samples were collected during fall 2018, spring and summer 2019 from selected sites including floors, equipment, shoes and Feed in six Feed Mills in the US Midwest region. Each sample was analysed for the presence of Salmonella and E. coli with culture methods and confirmed by PCR. A survey regarding production volumes, hygiene practices and microbial testing capabilities was conducted in each facility All Mills had at least one sampling site positive for either Salmonella or E. coli. Of the 405 samples, 4·7, and 14·1% were positive for Salmonella sp., and E. coli respectively. Sites with higher percentages of positive samples were the receiving, manufacturing, and control area floors. The survey responses indicated that the age of the mill might be a risk factor for bacterial contamination: the older the facility, the higher the number of positive samples. Other risk factors evaluated, such as the production capacity, did not appear to relate to bacterial prevalence. Conclusion The data documents the presence of E. coli and Salmonella in selected US swine Feed Mills, and an association between E. coli occurrence and number of ingredient suppliers to Feed mill. Significance and impact of the study This information could be used to understand risk factors affecting the occurrence of Salmonella sp. and E. coli in Feed Mills and help implement monitoring and mitigation strategies for public health.
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PSI-7 Prevalence and distribution of Senecavirus A in United States swine Feed Mills
Journal of Animal Science, 2019Co-Authors: Shannon P Ney, Steve S Dritz, Jason C Woodworth, Valentina Trinetta, Vlad Petrovan, Savannah C Stewart, S Davis, Megan C. Niederwerder, Bob Rowland, Chad B PaulkAbstract:Abstract There is limited information about Senecavirus A (SVA) transmission in the Feed supply chain. The objective of this experiment was to determine the prevalence and distribution of SVA in U.S. swine Feed Mills. A total of 375 samples were collected from 11 surfaces + one Feed sample collected from 11 different Feed Mills in 8 different states. Due to the seasonality associated with pathogenic hazards, the same locations in Feed Mills were swabbed in Late Fall 2016, Winter 2016/17, and Summer 2017. Surfaces were swabbed according to the Centers for Disease Control protocols for collecting environmental samples using pre-moistened environmental swabs in 5 mL of neutralizing broth. Detection of SVA was performed via RT-PCR and reported in Cycle threshold (Ct). Data were analyzed using the freq procedure of SAS, with chi-square test to determine the prevalence of SVA within season or distribution among Feed mill locations. Notably, no Mills were manufacturing Feed for SVA-positive herds at the time of analysis. Five of 375 samples analyzed positive for SVA, with Ct ranging from 37.4 to 39.9. There was a tendency (P = 0.069) for SVA prevalence to be greater in winter than late fall or summer. There was no detected impact (P = 0.409) of SVA distribution varying across location within Feed mill. A sow farm being fed by the mill with SVA on worker shoes was subsequently diagnosed with SVA after the sample as collected. These results indicate that SVA was not widespread throughout the swine Feed Mills analyzed in this experiment. However, we are unaware of any other studies evaluating presence in Feed Mills. Little is known about SVV transmission, but the clinically affected farm fed out of the mill with SVV presence suggest further investigation, as Feed or Feed delivery may be a route of entry into farms.
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Evaluation of Salmonella presence in selected United States Feed Mills.
MicrobiologyOpen, 2018Co-Authors: Gabriela Magossi, Natalia Cernicchiaro, Steve S Dritz, Terry A. Houser, Jason C Woodworth, Cassandra K. Jones, Valentina TrinettaAbstract:Salmonella is a pathogen of public health concern. Each year, Salmonella infections cost to the food industry approximately $2.3 billion and 33% of the reported cases are associated with beef, poultry, or pork. Pathogen presence in Feed Mills can represent one of the many potential routes for entry and transmission into the food production chain. Nevertheless, little is known about Salmonella incidence and association with these types of environments. The objective of this study was to investigate Salmonella presence in different Feed Mills across the United States. Eleven facilities were selected in eight states and 12 sites were sampled within each Feed mill. Samples were analyzed following the FSIS guidelines for isolation and identification of Salmonella. Positive isolates were further investigated by a PCR analysis targeting the invA gene to differentiate for Salmonella enterica. The total number of environmental samples collected was 237: 66% resulted culture positive and 13.1% were PCR positive. All sampled Feed Mills had at least one culture positive site and following production flow the number of positive samples decreased from ingredient receiving to final product. These preliminary results demonstrate the presence of Salmonella in selected United States Feed Mills and suggest their potential role as vehicle for pathogen transmission and spread into the food production chain.
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Feed mill biosecurity plans: A systematic approach to prevent biological pathogens in swine Feed
Journal of Swine Health and Production, 2016Co-Authors: R. A. Cochrane, Steve S Dritz, Jason C Woodworth, Charles R. Stark, A. R. Huss, Jean Paul Cano, Robert W. Thompson, A.c. Fahrenholz, Cassandra K. JonesAbstract:Development of a Feed mill biosecurity plan can minimize risk of introduction of biologic hazards and limit potential economic losses from animal or human pathogens such as Salmonella and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. A biosecurity plan should be detailed and contain hazard controls at each step of the manufacturing process. Biologic hazards can cause illness or injury in humans or animals. These hazards can be introduced through a number of means, including ingredients, manufacturing equipment, or people, so controls must aim to prevent or reduce their prevalence. The Food Safety Modernization Act requires most Feed Mills to identify and control hazards. A biosecurity plan can serve as an effective prerequisite program to reduce the likelihood of a biological hazard occurrence by identifying ingredient specifications, sampling methods, analytical procedures, receiving guidelines, equipment cleanout, production parameters, load-out, and sanitation procedures. The objective of this review is to describe biological hazards that may be present in swine Feed, locations of their potential entry, and suggested practices for a successful biosecurity plan for Feed Mills manufacturing swine Feed.