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Patrick G. Halbur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bacillus pumilus probiotic Feed Supplementation mitigates Lawsonia intracellularis shedding and lesions
Veterinary Research, 2019Co-Authors: Tanja Opriessnig, Anbu K. Karuppannan, Dana Beckler, Tahar Ait-ali, Ana Cubas-atienzar, Patrick G. HalburAbstract:AbstractThe causative agent of ileitis, Lawsonia intracellularis, is commonly associated with diarrhea and reduced weight gain in growing pigs. The effect of in-Feed probiotics on L. intracellularis infection dynamics was evaluated. In brief, 70 2.5-week-old-pigs were randomly divided into six groups with 10–20 pigs each. All pigs were fed an age appropriate base ration for the duration of the study, which was supplemented with one of three Bacillus strains including B. amyloliquefaciens (T01), B. licheniformis (T02) and B. pumilus (T03). Another group was orally vaccinated with a commercial live L. intracellularis vaccine (VAC) at 3 weeks of age. At 7 weeks of age, T01-LAW, T02-LAW, T03-LAW, VAC-LAW and the POS-CONTROL groups were challenged with L. intracellularis while the NEG-CONTROL pigs were not challenged. All pigs were necropsied 16 days later. By the time of inoculation, all VAC-LAW pigs had seroconverted and at necropsy 10–65% of the pigs in all other challenged groups were also seropositive. The results indicate a successful L. intracellularis challenge with highest bacterial DNA levels in POS-CONTROL pigs, VAC-LAW pigs and T01-LAW pigs. There was a delay in onset of shedding in T02-LAW and T03-LAW groups, which was reflected in less severe macroscopic and microscopic lesions, reduced intralesional L. intracellularis antigen levels and a lower area under the curve for bacterial shedding. Under the study conditions, two of the probiotics tested suppressed L. intracellularis infection. The obtained findings show the potential of probiotics in achieving antibiotic-free control of L. intracellularis.
Tanja Opriessnig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bacillus pumilus probiotic Feed Supplementation mitigates Lawsonia intracellularis shedding and lesions
Veterinary Research, 2019Co-Authors: Tanja Opriessnig, Anbu K. Karuppannan, Dana Beckler, Tahar Ait-ali, Ana Cubas-atienzar, Patrick G. HalburAbstract:AbstractThe causative agent of ileitis, Lawsonia intracellularis, is commonly associated with diarrhea and reduced weight gain in growing pigs. The effect of in-Feed probiotics on L. intracellularis infection dynamics was evaluated. In brief, 70 2.5-week-old-pigs were randomly divided into six groups with 10–20 pigs each. All pigs were fed an age appropriate base ration for the duration of the study, which was supplemented with one of three Bacillus strains including B. amyloliquefaciens (T01), B. licheniformis (T02) and B. pumilus (T03). Another group was orally vaccinated with a commercial live L. intracellularis vaccine (VAC) at 3 weeks of age. At 7 weeks of age, T01-LAW, T02-LAW, T03-LAW, VAC-LAW and the POS-CONTROL groups were challenged with L. intracellularis while the NEG-CONTROL pigs were not challenged. All pigs were necropsied 16 days later. By the time of inoculation, all VAC-LAW pigs had seroconverted and at necropsy 10–65% of the pigs in all other challenged groups were also seropositive. The results indicate a successful L. intracellularis challenge with highest bacterial DNA levels in POS-CONTROL pigs, VAC-LAW pigs and T01-LAW pigs. There was a delay in onset of shedding in T02-LAW and T03-LAW groups, which was reflected in less severe macroscopic and microscopic lesions, reduced intralesional L. intracellularis antigen levels and a lower area under the curve for bacterial shedding. Under the study conditions, two of the probiotics tested suppressed L. intracellularis infection. The obtained findings show the potential of probiotics in achieving antibiotic-free control of L. intracellularis.
Raul Hector Marin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of thymol Feed Supplementation on female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix) behavioral fear response
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Maria Labaque, Agustin Luna, Jackelyn Melissa Kembro, Raul Hector MarinAbstract:Abstract Dietary Supplementation with thymol has been shown to improve the oxidative stability of eggs and meat during storage. In addition, in vitro studies have shown that this compound can act as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor, similarly to its analog phenolic compound propofol. Hence, it is conceivable that thymol could also present anxyolitic and/or fear reducing properties, probably also affecting their locomotor activity. Considering that fear-inducing/stressful situations are practically unavoidable during birds’ rearing, the thymol Feed Supplementation could therefore present beneficial consequences in terms of animal welfare. This study evaluates potential fear reducing properties of thymol Feed Supplementation and its potential effects on locomotor activity by assessing female Japanese quail behavioral responses during brief mechanical restraint and open-field tests. Birds were evaluated after 2 and 15 days of Supplementation. During the brief mechanical restraints, the latencies to struggle were significantly (P
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Effects of thymol and isoeugenol Feed Supplementation on quail adult performance, egg characteristics and hatching success.
British poultry science, 2012Co-Authors: Agustin Luna, Julio A. Zygadlo, Raul Hector Marin, Jose Sebastian Dambolena, Maria LabaqueAbstract:1. A study was conducted to evaluate whether Feed Supplementation with thymol or isoeugenol can alter Japanese quail growth rate and final body weight, the female onset of puberty, hen-day egg production and the physical and chemical characteristics of the egg, as well as its potential to alter hatchability. 2. From 4 to 16 weeks of age, birds from each cage (1 male: 3 females) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments that differed in the supplement added to the Feed: control, thymol or isoeugenol (400 mg/kg). The average ages (d) at first egg lay (FIRST), at 25% egg production (A25% EP), at 50% egg production (A50% EP) and weekly and cumulative hen-day egg production (HDEP) were calculated. In addition, physical and chemical characteristics of the eggs, their fertility and hatchability were also evaluated for each group. 3. Feed Supplementation did not significantly affect growth rate, final body weight, egg production parameters, fertility and physical characteristics of egg or most of the fatty acid components of the yolk. 4. The group treated with isoeugenol showed an increase in the percentage of palmitoleic fatty acid compared to the control, with thymol group showing intermediates values. 5. Both thymol and isoeugenol supplemented groups showed increased hatchabilities, by 18.8% and 11.8%, respectively, compared to their control counterparts. 6. The improvement in the hatching success of the eggs from the thymol and isoeugenol supplemented groups without a negative impact on their performance may have important economic implications for future breeding programmes, particularly if these effects generalise from quail to other more commercially important poultry species, such as chickens or turkeys.
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effects of thymol and carvacrol Feed Supplementation on lipid oxidation in broiler meat
Poultry Science, 2010Co-Authors: Agustin Luna, Maria Labaque, Julio A. Zygadlo, Raul Hector MarinAbstract:Poultry meat is particularly prone to oxidative deterioration due to its high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The present study evaluates the effects of thymol and its isomer carvacrol on lipid oxidation when supplemented to the Feed. Supplementation with the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene was used as a positive control. Thus, broiler chickens were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: vehicle (control), 150 mg/kg of butylated hydroxytoluene (positive control), 150 mg/kg of thymol, or 150 mg/kg of carvacrol. Breast and thigh samples were taken at 0, 5, and 10 d of 4 degrees C storage. Lipid oxidation was determined by the analysis of 2-TBA reactive substances (TBARS). Sample storage for 5 to 10 d significantly increased the levels of TBARS. Feed Supplementation did not significantly affect breast sample oxidation. However, after 5 and 10 d of storage, increasingly higher values of TBARS were detected in thigh samples of the control group in comparison to the 3 supplemented groups. Interestingly, the same lower values of TBARS were detected between those Feed-supplemented groups. Therefore, the application of the natural antioxidants thymol or carvacrol could be useful to improve poultry meat quality.
P A Curtis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reducing colonization and eggborne transmission of salmonella enteritidis in layer chickens by in Feed Supplementation of caprylic acid
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2015Co-Authors: Indu Upadhyaya, M. J. Darre, Abhinav Upadhyay, Hsinbai Yin, Meera Surendran Nair, Varun K Bhattaram, Deepti Prasad Karumathil, Anup Kollanoorjohny, Mazhar I Khan, P A CurtisAbstract:Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is a major foodborne pathogen responsible for causing gastrointestinal infections in humans, predominantly due to the consumption of contaminated eggs. In layer hens, SE colonizes the intestine and migrates to various organs, including the oviduct, thereby leading to egg yolk and shell contamination. This study investigated the efficacy of caprylic acid (CA), a medium-chain fatty acid, in reducing SE colonization and egg contamination in layers. Caprylic acid was supplemented in the Feed at 0%, 0.7%, or 1% (vol/wt) from day 1 of the experiment. Birds were challenged with 10(10) log colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of SE by crop gavage on day 10, and re-inoculated (10(10) log CFU/mL) on day 35. After 7 days post first inoculation, eggs were collected daily and tested for SE on the shell and in the yolk separately. The birds were sacrificed on day 66 to determine SE colonization in the ceca, liver, and oviduct. The consumer acceptability of eggs was also determined by triangle test. The experiment was replicated twice. In-Feed Supplementation of CA (0.7% and 1%) to birds consistently decreased SE on eggshell and in the yolk (p 0.05). The results suggest that CA could potentially be used as a Feed additive to reduce eggborne transmission of SE.
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in Feed Supplementation of trans cinnamaldehyde reduces layer chicken egg borne transmission of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2015Co-Authors: Indu Upadhyaya, M. J. Darre, Abhinav Upadhyay, Hsinbai Yin, Anup Kollanoorjohny, Mazhar I Khan, Shankumar Mooyottu, Sangeetha Ananda Baskaran, David Schreiber, P A CurtisAbstract:Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a major foodborne pathogen in the United States, causing gastroenteritis in humans, primarily through consumption of contaminated eggs. Chickens are the reservoir host of S. Enteritidis. In layer hens, S. Enteritidis colonizes the intestine and migrates to various organs, including the oviduct, leading to egg contamination. This study investigated the efficacy of in-Feed Supplementation with trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) plant compound obtained from cinnamon, in reducing S. Enteritidis cecal colonization and systemic spread in layers. Additionally, the effect of TC on S. Enteritidis virulence factors critical for macrophage survival and oviduct colonization was investigated in vitro. The consumer acceptability of eggs was also determined by a triangle test. Supplementation of TC in Feed for 66 days at 1 or 1.5% (vol/wt) for 40- or 25-week-old layer chickens decreased the amounts of S. Enteritidis on eggshell and in yolk (P 0.05). In vitro cell culture assays revealed that TC reduced S. Enteritidis adhesion to and invasion of primary chicken oviduct epithelial cells and reduced S. Enteritidis survival in chicken macrophages (P<0.001). Follow-up gene expression analysis using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed that TC downregulated the expression of S. Enteritidis virulence genes critical for chicken oviduct colonization (P<0.001). The results suggest that TC may potentially be used as a Feed additive to reduce egg-borne transmission of S. Enteritidis.
Maria Labaque - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of thymol Feed Supplementation on female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix) behavioral fear response
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Maria Labaque, Agustin Luna, Jackelyn Melissa Kembro, Raul Hector MarinAbstract:Abstract Dietary Supplementation with thymol has been shown to improve the oxidative stability of eggs and meat during storage. In addition, in vitro studies have shown that this compound can act as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor, similarly to its analog phenolic compound propofol. Hence, it is conceivable that thymol could also present anxyolitic and/or fear reducing properties, probably also affecting their locomotor activity. Considering that fear-inducing/stressful situations are practically unavoidable during birds’ rearing, the thymol Feed Supplementation could therefore present beneficial consequences in terms of animal welfare. This study evaluates potential fear reducing properties of thymol Feed Supplementation and its potential effects on locomotor activity by assessing female Japanese quail behavioral responses during brief mechanical restraint and open-field tests. Birds were evaluated after 2 and 15 days of Supplementation. During the brief mechanical restraints, the latencies to struggle were significantly (P
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Effects of thymol and isoeugenol Feed Supplementation on quail adult performance, egg characteristics and hatching success.
British Poultry Science, 2012Co-Authors: Agustin Luna, Julio A. Zygadlo, Jose Sebastian Dambolena, Raul H. Marin, Maria LabaqueAbstract:1. A study was conducted to evaluate whether Feed Supplementation with thymol or isoeugenol can alter Japanese quail growth rate and final body weight, the female onset of puberty, hen-day egg production and the physical and chemical characteristics of the egg, as well as its potential to alter hatchability. 2. From 4 to 16 weeks of age, birds from each cage (1 male: 3 females) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments that differed in the supplement added to the Feed: control, thymol or isoeugenol (400 mg/kg). The average ages (d) at first egg lay (FIRST), at 25% egg production (A25% EP), at 50% egg production (A50% EP) and weekly and cumulative hen-day egg production (HDEP) were calculated. In addition, physical and chemical characteristics of the eggs, their fertility and hatchability were also evaluated for each group. 3. Feed Supplementation did not significantly affect growth rate, final body weight, egg production parameters, fertility and physical characteristics of egg or most of the fatty acid componen...
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Effects of thymol and isoeugenol Feed Supplementation on quail adult performance, egg characteristics and hatching success.
British poultry science, 2012Co-Authors: Agustin Luna, Julio A. Zygadlo, Raul Hector Marin, Jose Sebastian Dambolena, Maria LabaqueAbstract:1. A study was conducted to evaluate whether Feed Supplementation with thymol or isoeugenol can alter Japanese quail growth rate and final body weight, the female onset of puberty, hen-day egg production and the physical and chemical characteristics of the egg, as well as its potential to alter hatchability. 2. From 4 to 16 weeks of age, birds from each cage (1 male: 3 females) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments that differed in the supplement added to the Feed: control, thymol or isoeugenol (400 mg/kg). The average ages (d) at first egg lay (FIRST), at 25% egg production (A25% EP), at 50% egg production (A50% EP) and weekly and cumulative hen-day egg production (HDEP) were calculated. In addition, physical and chemical characteristics of the eggs, their fertility and hatchability were also evaluated for each group. 3. Feed Supplementation did not significantly affect growth rate, final body weight, egg production parameters, fertility and physical characteristics of egg or most of the fatty acid components of the yolk. 4. The group treated with isoeugenol showed an increase in the percentage of palmitoleic fatty acid compared to the control, with thymol group showing intermediates values. 5. Both thymol and isoeugenol supplemented groups showed increased hatchabilities, by 18.8% and 11.8%, respectively, compared to their control counterparts. 6. The improvement in the hatching success of the eggs from the thymol and isoeugenol supplemented groups without a negative impact on their performance may have important economic implications for future breeding programmes, particularly if these effects generalise from quail to other more commercially important poultry species, such as chickens or turkeys.
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effects of thymol and carvacrol Feed Supplementation on lipid oxidation in broiler meat
Poultry Science, 2010Co-Authors: Agustin Luna, Maria Labaque, Julio A. Zygadlo, R H MarinAbstract:ABSTRACT Poultry meat is particularly prone to oxidative deterioration due to its high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The present study evaluates the effects of thymol and its isomer carvacrol on lipid oxidation when supplemented to the Feed. Supplementation with the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene was used as a positive control. Thus, broiler chickens were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: vehicle (control), 150 mg/kg of butylated hydroxytoluene (positive control), 150 mg/kg of thymol, or 150 mg/kg of carvacrol. Breast and thigh samples were taken at 0, 5, and 10 d of 4°C storage. Lipid oxidation was determined by the analysis of 2-TBA reactive substances (TBARS). Sample storage for 5 to 10 d significantly increased the levels of TBARS. Feed Supplementation did not significantly affect breast sample oxidation. However, after 5 and 10 d of storage, increasingly higher values of TBARS were detected in thigh samples of the control group in comparison to the 3 supplemented groups. Interestingly, the same lower values of TBARS were detected between those Feed-supplemented groups. Therefore, the application of the natural antioxidants thymol or carvacrol could be useful to improve poultry meat quality.
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effects of thymol and carvacrol Feed Supplementation on lipid oxidation in broiler meat
Poultry Science, 2010Co-Authors: Agustin Luna, Maria Labaque, Julio A. Zygadlo, Raul Hector MarinAbstract:Poultry meat is particularly prone to oxidative deterioration due to its high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The present study evaluates the effects of thymol and its isomer carvacrol on lipid oxidation when supplemented to the Feed. Supplementation with the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene was used as a positive control. Thus, broiler chickens were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: vehicle (control), 150 mg/kg of butylated hydroxytoluene (positive control), 150 mg/kg of thymol, or 150 mg/kg of carvacrol. Breast and thigh samples were taken at 0, 5, and 10 d of 4 degrees C storage. Lipid oxidation was determined by the analysis of 2-TBA reactive substances (TBARS). Sample storage for 5 to 10 d significantly increased the levels of TBARS. Feed Supplementation did not significantly affect breast sample oxidation. However, after 5 and 10 d of storage, increasingly higher values of TBARS were detected in thigh samples of the control group in comparison to the 3 supplemented groups. Interestingly, the same lower values of TBARS were detected between those Feed-supplemented groups. Therefore, the application of the natural antioxidants thymol or carvacrol could be useful to improve poultry meat quality.