The Experts below are selected from a list of 31305 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Maria Rodriguez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
prevalence of bacillus cereus in dried milk products used by chilean school Feeding Program
Food Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Juan E Reyes, Jose M Bastias, Manuel R Gutierrez, Maria RodriguezAbstract:Abstract The prevalence of Bacillus cereus, in a total of 381 samples of dried milk products (milk with rice, milk substitute, milk powder, milk-cereal-rice, pudding milk, flan, and mousse) used by the Chilean School Feeding Program, was investigated. The potential of 94 selected isolates of B. cereus to produce diarrhoeal enterotoxin (by the BCET-RPLA test) in BHI culture, as well as the ability of enterotoxigenic-strains to grow at psychrotrophic temperatures were also verified. B. cereus was found in 175 of 381 of the samples analysed (45.9%), reaching levels from 3.0 to 104 spores g−1. As expected, the higher prevalence and counts were observed in those products that contained whole rice, cereals and pulses extruded, and food additives. Of the 94 isolates of B. cereus tested for diarrhoeal enterotoxin production, 28 (29.8%) were positive, and none of these was able to grow at ⩽7 °C. The prevalence of B. cereus in dried milk products analysed was fairly high, although it was present in low number. However, as they were composed to a large extent of enterotoxigenic mesophilic strains, the potential risk for the safety of reconstituted products held at improper temperature should not be neglected.
-
prevalence of bacillus cereus in dried milk products used by chilean school Feeding Program
Food Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Juan E Reyes, Jose M Bastias, Manuel R Gutierrez, Maria RodriguezAbstract:The prevalence of Bacillus cereus, in a total of 381 samples of dried milk products (milk with rice, milk substitute, milk powder, milk-cereal-rice, pudding milk, flan, and mousse) used by the Chilean School Feeding Program, was investigated. The potential of 94 selected isolates of B. cereus to produce diarrhoeal enterotoxin (by the BCET-RPLA test) in BHI culture, as well as the ability of enterotoxigenic-strains to grow at psychrotrophic temperatures were also verified. B. cereus was found in 175 of 381 of the samples analysed (45.9%), reaching levels from 3.0 to 10(4) spores g(-1). As expected, the higher prevalence and counts were observed in those products that contained whole rice, cereals and pulses extruded, and food additives. Of the 94 isolates of B. cereus tested for diarrhoeal enterotoxin production, 28 (29.8%) were positive, and none of these was able to grow at < or = 7 degrees C. The prevalence of B. cereus in dried milk products analysed was fairly high, although it was present in low number. However, as they were composed to a large extent of enterotoxigenic mesophilic strains, the potential risk for the safety of reconstituted products held at improper temperature should not be neglected.
Wuleta Lemma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Out-patient therapeutic Feeding Program outcomes and determinants in treatment of severe acute malnutrition in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study
2016Co-Authors: Henock Gebremedhin Yebyo, Carl Kendall, Daniel Nigusse, Wuleta LemmaAbstract:Background: Outpatient Therapeutic Feeding Program (OTP) brings the services for management of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) closer to the community by making services available at decentralized treatment points within the primary health care settings, through the use of ready-to-use therapeutic foods, community outreach and mobilization. Little is known about the Program outcomes. This study revealed the levels of Program outcome indictors and determinant factors to recovery rate. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 628 children who had been managed for SAM under OTP from April/2008 to January/2012. The children were selected using systematic random sampling from 12 health posts and 4 health centers. The study relied on information of demographic characteristics, anthropometries, Plumpy’Nut, medical problems and routine medications intakes. The results were estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank test and Cox-regression. Results: The recovery, defaulter, mortality and weight gain rates were 61.78%, 13.85%, 3.02 % and 5.23 gm/kg/day, respectively. Routine medications were administered partially and children with medical problems were managed inappropriately under the Program. As a child consumed one more sachet of Plumpy’Nut, the recovery rate from SAM increased by 4 % (HR = 1.04, 95%-CI = 1.03, 1.05, P,0.001). The adjusted hazard ratios to recovery of children with diarrhea, appetite loss with Plumpy’Nut and failure to gain weight were 2.20 (HR = 2.20, 95%-CI = 1.31, 3.41, P = 0.001), 4.49 (HR = 1.74
-
outpatient therapeutic Feeding Program outcomes and determinants in treatment of severe acute malnutrition in tigray northern ethiopia a retrospective cohort study
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Henock Gebremedhin Yebyo, Carl Kendall, Daniel Nigusse, Wuleta LemmaAbstract:Background: Outpatient Therapeutic Feeding Program (OTP) brings the services for management of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) closer to the community by making services available at decentralized treatment points within the primary health care settings, through the use of ready-to-use therapeutic foods, community outreach and mobilization. Little is known about the Program outcomes. This study revealed the levels of Program outcome indictors and determinant factors to recovery rate. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 628 children who had been managed for SAM under OTP from April/2008 to January/2012. The children were selected using systematic random sampling from 12 health posts and 4 health centers. The study relied on information of demographic characteristics, anthropometries, Plumpy’Nut, medical problems and routine medications intakes. The results were estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank test and Cox-regression. Results: The recovery, defaulter, mortality and weight gain rates were 61.78%, 13.85%, 3.02% and 5.23 gm/kg/day, respectively. Routine medications were administered partially and children with medical problems were managed inappropriately under the Program. As a child consumed one more sachet of Plumpy’Nut, the recovery rate from SAM increased by 4% (HR=1.04, 95%-CI=1.03, 1.05, P,0.001). The adjusted hazard ratios to recovery of children with diarrhea, appetite loss with Plumpy’Nut and failure to gain weight were 2.20 (HR=2.20, 95%-CI=1.31, 3.41, P=0.001), 4.49 (HR=1.74, 95%-CI=1.07, 2.83, P=0.046) and 3.88 (HR=1.95, 95%-CI=1.17, 3.23, P,0.001), respectively. Children who took amoxicillin and de-worming had 95% (HR=1.95, 95%-CI=1.17, 3.23) and 74% (HR=1.74, 95%-CI=1.07, 2.83) more probability to recover from SAM as compared to those who didn’t take them. Conclusions: The OTP was partially successful. Management of children with comorbidities under the Program and partial administration of routine drugs were major threats for the Program effectiveness. The stakeholders should focus on creating the capacity of the OTP providers on proper management of SAM to achieve fully effective Program.
-
Outpatient Therapeutic Feeding Program Outcomes and Determinants in Treatment of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
2013Co-Authors: Henock Gebremedhin Yebyo, Carl Kendall, Daniel Nigusse, Wuleta LemmaAbstract:BackgroundOutpatient Therapeutic Feeding Program (OTP) brings the services for management of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) closer to the community by making services available at decentralized treatment points within the primary health care settings, through the use of ready-to-use therapeutic foods, community outreach and mobilization. Little is known about the Program outcomes. This study revealed the levels of Program outcome indictors and determinant factors to recovery rate.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on 628 children who had been managed for SAM under OTP from April/2008 to January/2012. The children were selected using systematic random sampling from 12 health posts and 4 health centers. The study relied on information of demographic characteristics, anthropometries, Plumpy'Nut, medical problems and routine medications intakes. The results were estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank test and Cox-regression.ResultsThe recovery, defaulter, mortality and weight gain rates were 61.78%, 13.85%, 3.02% and 5.23 gm/kg/day, respectively. Routine medications were administered partially and children with medical problems were managed inappropriately under the Program. As a child consumed one more sachet of Plumpy'Nut, the recovery rate from SAM increased by 4% (HR = 1.04, 95%-CI = 1.03, 1.05, P
A Bach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effects of mannan oligosaccharides on performance and microorganism fecal counts of calves following an enhanced growth Feeding Program
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2007Co-Authors: M Terre, M A Calvo, C Adelantado, A Kocher, A BachAbstract:Abstract Sixty female Holstein calves were used to study the effect of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on performance, health, bacteria fecal counts and Cryptosporidium presence in feces of calves following an enhanced-growth Feeding Program. Calves were divided in two groups: supplementation of 4 g/d of MOS on milk replacer (MR-M) or non-supplemented milk replacer (MR-C). After 1 wk of adaptation to milk replacer (MR) at 180 g/kg dilution, calves were fed: 4 l/d of MR from 1 to 7 d, 6 l/d from 8 to 14 d, 7 l/d from 15 to 21 d, 6 l/d from 22 to 28 d, and 3 l/d once daily in the afternoon meal from 29 to 34 d. Calves were weaned at 35 d of study, and were offered water and starter ad libitum until 41 d of study. Starter and MR intake were recorded daily. Calves were weighed weekly, and blood samples were obtained at 1, 3, 5 and 6 wk of study to determine haptoglobin serum concentrations. Moreover, total fecal counts of Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli , and for presence of Salmonella spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. were determined from fecal samples obtained at 1, 2, and 3 wk of study. There were no differences in body weight, but starter intake tended to be greater (P=0.09) during the pre-weaning period (0.34 versus 0.28 ± 0.023 kg/d) and greater (P versus 1.71 ± 0.044 kg/d) in MR-M compared with MR-C calves. However, there were no differences in average daily gain between treatments during the pre-weaning (0.91 versus 0.90 ± 0.017 kg/d), and the post-weaning period (1.20 versus 1.22 ± 0.074 kg/d) between MR-C and MR-M, respectively. Consequently, the gain to feed ratio was lower (P versus 0.74 ± 0.010), and tended to be lower during the post-weaning period (0.59 versus 0.66 ± 0.033) in MR-M than in MR-C treatment. Serum haptoglobin concentration was similar in both treatments. There were no differences in E. coli fecal counts between treatments. Calves in the MR-M treatment had lower Cryptosporidium spp. presence in feces during the first wk of study (P Cryptosporidium spp. presence in calf feces, nor in rate of growth.
-
effect of level of milk replacer fed to holstein calves on performance during the preweaning period and starter digestibility at weaning
Livestock Science, 2007Co-Authors: M Terre, M Devant, A BachAbstract:Calves following an enhanced-growth Feeding Program usually show lower starter intakes during the preweaning period compared with conventionally-fed calves. To assess whether this low intake in calves following an enhanced-growth Feeding Program affects calf capacity to digest starter after weaning, 19 Holstein male calves were used to measure apparent nutrient digestibility at weaning. Calves were divided in two groups: calves on a conventional Feeding Program (CF) and calves on an enhanced-growth Feeding Program (EF). After one week of adaptation to milk replacer (25% CP and 19% fat), the CF calves were fed 4 l/d of milk replacer (MR) at 12.5% DM dilution rate from d 1–28, and 2 l/d from d 29 to weaning day at d 35, and the EF calves were offered MR at 18% DM dilution rate: 4 l/d from d 1–6, 6 l/d from d 7–13, 7 l/d from d 14–20, 6 l/d from d 21–28, and 3 l/d from d 29 to 35. Calf starter (20% CP) was offered ad libitum from the beginning to the end of study at d 42, and its consumption was recorded daily. Calves were weighed at d 3, 17, 24, 31, 38 and 42. Daily total faeces collection was conducted for the last 5 d of study. Final BW was numerically greater in EF than in CF calves (88.6 vs 81.2 ± 3.36 kg, respectively). Starter DMI was greater (P < 0.05) in CF compared with EF calves during the preweaning (0.68 vs 0.36 ± 0.078 kg/d, respectively) and postweaning (2.52 vs 1.90 ± 0.102 kg/d, respectively) periods, but there were no differences in total DMI (1.12 and 1.26 ± 0.078 kg/d, in CF and EF calves, respectively) during the preweaning period. However, apparent DM, OM, NDF, CP, and GE digestibility coefficients were greater (P < 0.05) in CF compared with EF calves (77.4 vs 71.8 ± 1.23%, 78.7 vs 73.2 ± 1.18%, 34.7 vs 20.3 ± 3.79%, 77.1 vs 71.6 ± 1.29%, and 75.6 vs 69.8 ± 1.25%, respectively) the week after weaning. It is concluded that calves in the EF treatment presented lower nutrient digestibility coefficients compared with CF calves the week after weaning.
-
performance and nitrogen metabolism of calves fed conventionally or following an enhanced growth Feeding Program during the preweaning period
Livestock Science, 2006Co-Authors: M Terre, M Devant, A BachAbstract:Abstract Thirty-seven Holstein and seven crossbred female calves (16.1 ± 4.60 days, and an initial BW of 36.5 ± 3.19) were used to study the effects of conventional (CF) vs enhanced-growth Feeding Programs (EF) on performance, plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations, and rumen microbial development. After 1 week of adaptation to milk replacer (MR), the CF calves received 4 l/day of MR at 12.5% DM throughout the preweaning period, and the EF calves were offered MR at 18% DM: 6 l/day from 1 to 6 days, 8 l/day from 7 to 26 days, and 4 l/day from 27 days to weaning day (38 days). Calf starter and water were offered ad libitum throughout the study (87 days). Calves fed EF were heavier (P
Harold Alderman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
food for thought experimental evidence on the learning impacts of a large scale school Feeding Program in ghana
Social Science Research Network, 2018Co-Authors: Elisabetta Aurino, Aulo Gelli, Clement Adamba, Isaac Oseiakoto, Harold AldermanAbstract:There is very limited experimental evidence of the impact of large-scale, government-led school meals Programs on child educational achievements in Sub-Saharan Africa. We address this gap by reporting treatment effects from a nationwide randomized trial of the Government of Ghana’s school Feeding Program (GSFP) on children’s math and literacy, cognition (problem-solving ability and working memory), and composite scores of overall attainments. Based on the government’s plans to re-target and scale up the GSFP, food insecure schools and related communities across the country were randomly assigned to school Feeding. After two years of implementation, Program availability led to moderate increases in test scores for the average pupil in school catchment areas, ranging between 0.12 and 0.16 standard deviations. Analysis focusing on per-protocol population subgroups unveiled substantial heterogeneity: school Feeding led to remarkable learning and cognitive gains for girls, poorest children, and children from the northern regions. Program effects were at least twice as large as for the average child. Increases in enrollment, grade attainment, and shifts in time use toward schooling time constituted potential mechanisms for impact. We conclude the Program combined social protection with equitable human capital accumulation, thus contributing to the imperative of “learning for all” set in the Sustainable Development Goals.
-
the impact of food for education Programs on school participation in northern uganda
Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2012Co-Authors: Harold Alderman, Daniel O Gilligan, Kim LehrerAbstract:AbstractThere is a general consensus that food for education (FFE) Programs increase primary school participation. Although this view is widely held, there is limited causal evidence to support it. Moreover, little is known about how the design of FFE Programs affects schooling outcomes. This article presents evidence of the impacts of alternative methods of FFE delivery on schooling in Northern Uganda using a randomized controlled evaluation conducted from 2005 to 2007. We compare the impacts of the World Food Program’s in-school Feeding Program (SFP) with an experimental take-home rations (THR) Program conditional on school attendance. Results show that the in-school meals Program increased enrollment for those children who were not enrolled at baseline but who had reached the recommended age of school entry. For many outcomes we cannot reject that the THR impact is equivalent to that of the SFP. Both Programs had large impacts on school attendance and reduced grade repetition. The SFP Program also redu...
-
the glass of milk subsidy Program and malnutrition in peru
The World Bank Economic Review, 2003Co-Authors: David Stifel, Harold AldermanAbstract:This study of the Vaso de Leche ('glass of milk') Feeding Program in Peru looks for evidence that this in-kind transfer Program aimed at young children furthers nutritional objectives. The study links public expenditure data with household survey data to substantiate the targeting and to model the determinants of nutritional outcomes. It confirms that the social transfer Program targets poor households and households with low nutritional status. Nevertheless, the study fails to find econometric evidence that the nutritional objectives are being achieved.
Juan E Reyes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
prevalence of bacillus cereus in dried milk products used by chilean school Feeding Program
Food Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Juan E Reyes, Jose M Bastias, Manuel R Gutierrez, Maria RodriguezAbstract:Abstract The prevalence of Bacillus cereus, in a total of 381 samples of dried milk products (milk with rice, milk substitute, milk powder, milk-cereal-rice, pudding milk, flan, and mousse) used by the Chilean School Feeding Program, was investigated. The potential of 94 selected isolates of B. cereus to produce diarrhoeal enterotoxin (by the BCET-RPLA test) in BHI culture, as well as the ability of enterotoxigenic-strains to grow at psychrotrophic temperatures were also verified. B. cereus was found in 175 of 381 of the samples analysed (45.9%), reaching levels from 3.0 to 104 spores g−1. As expected, the higher prevalence and counts were observed in those products that contained whole rice, cereals and pulses extruded, and food additives. Of the 94 isolates of B. cereus tested for diarrhoeal enterotoxin production, 28 (29.8%) were positive, and none of these was able to grow at ⩽7 °C. The prevalence of B. cereus in dried milk products analysed was fairly high, although it was present in low number. However, as they were composed to a large extent of enterotoxigenic mesophilic strains, the potential risk for the safety of reconstituted products held at improper temperature should not be neglected.
-
prevalence of bacillus cereus in dried milk products used by chilean school Feeding Program
Food Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Juan E Reyes, Jose M Bastias, Manuel R Gutierrez, Maria RodriguezAbstract:The prevalence of Bacillus cereus, in a total of 381 samples of dried milk products (milk with rice, milk substitute, milk powder, milk-cereal-rice, pudding milk, flan, and mousse) used by the Chilean School Feeding Program, was investigated. The potential of 94 selected isolates of B. cereus to produce diarrhoeal enterotoxin (by the BCET-RPLA test) in BHI culture, as well as the ability of enterotoxigenic-strains to grow at psychrotrophic temperatures were also verified. B. cereus was found in 175 of 381 of the samples analysed (45.9%), reaching levels from 3.0 to 10(4) spores g(-1). As expected, the higher prevalence and counts were observed in those products that contained whole rice, cereals and pulses extruded, and food additives. Of the 94 isolates of B. cereus tested for diarrhoeal enterotoxin production, 28 (29.8%) were positive, and none of these was able to grow at < or = 7 degrees C. The prevalence of B. cereus in dried milk products analysed was fairly high, although it was present in low number. However, as they were composed to a large extent of enterotoxigenic mesophilic strains, the potential risk for the safety of reconstituted products held at improper temperature should not be neglected.
