The Experts below are selected from a list of 1452 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Annette Prochnow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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process disturbances in agricultural biogas production causes mechanisms and effects on the biogas microbiome a review
Energies, 2019Co-Authors: Susanne Theuerl, Johanna Klang, Annette ProchnowAbstract:Disturbances of the anaerobic digestion process reduce the economic and environmental performance of biogas systems. A better understanding of the highly complex process is of crucial importance in order to avoid disturbances. This review defines process disturbances as significant changes in the functionality within the microbial community leading to unacceptable and severe decreases in biogas production and requiring an active counteraction to be overcome. The main types of process disturbances in agricultural biogas production are classified as unfavorable process temperatures, fluctuations in the availability of macro- and micronutrients (Feedstock Variability), overload of the microbial degradation potential, process-related accumulation of inhibiting metabolites such as hydrogen (H2), ammonium/ammonia (NH4+/NH3) or hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and inhibition by other organic and inorganic toxicants. Causes, mechanisms and effects on the biogas microbiome are discussed. The need for a knowledge-based microbiome management to ensure a stable and efficient production of biogas with low susceptibility to disturbances is derived and an outlook on potential future process monitoring and control by means of microbial indicators is provided.
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Process Disturbances in Agricultural Biogas Production—Causes, Mechanisms and Effects on the Biogas Microbiome: A Review
MDPI AG, 2019Co-Authors: Susanne Theuerl, Johanna Klang, Annette ProchnowAbstract:Disturbances of the anaerobic digestion process reduce the economic and environmental performance of biogas systems. A better understanding of the highly complex process is of crucial importance in order to avoid disturbances. This review defines process disturbances as significant changes in the functionality within the microbial community leading to unacceptable and severe decreases in biogas production and requiring an active counteraction to be overcome. The main types of process disturbances in agricultural biogas production are classified as unfavorable process temperatures, fluctuations in the availability of macro- and micronutrients (Feedstock Variability), overload of the microbial degradation potential, process-related accumulation of inhibiting metabolites such as hydrogen (H2), ammonium/ammonia (NH4+/NH3) or hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and inhibition by other organic and inorganic toxicants. Causes, mechanisms and effects on the biogas microbiome are discussed. The need for a knowledge-based microbiome management to ensure a stable and efficient production of biogas with low susceptibility to disturbances is derived and an outlook on potential future process monitoring and control by means of microbial indicators is provided
Susanne Theuerl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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process disturbances in agricultural biogas production causes mechanisms and effects on the biogas microbiome a review
Energies, 2019Co-Authors: Susanne Theuerl, Johanna Klang, Annette ProchnowAbstract:Disturbances of the anaerobic digestion process reduce the economic and environmental performance of biogas systems. A better understanding of the highly complex process is of crucial importance in order to avoid disturbances. This review defines process disturbances as significant changes in the functionality within the microbial community leading to unacceptable and severe decreases in biogas production and requiring an active counteraction to be overcome. The main types of process disturbances in agricultural biogas production are classified as unfavorable process temperatures, fluctuations in the availability of macro- and micronutrients (Feedstock Variability), overload of the microbial degradation potential, process-related accumulation of inhibiting metabolites such as hydrogen (H2), ammonium/ammonia (NH4+/NH3) or hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and inhibition by other organic and inorganic toxicants. Causes, mechanisms and effects on the biogas microbiome are discussed. The need for a knowledge-based microbiome management to ensure a stable and efficient production of biogas with low susceptibility to disturbances is derived and an outlook on potential future process monitoring and control by means of microbial indicators is provided.
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Process Disturbances in Agricultural Biogas Production—Causes, Mechanisms and Effects on the Biogas Microbiome: A Review
MDPI AG, 2019Co-Authors: Susanne Theuerl, Johanna Klang, Annette ProchnowAbstract:Disturbances of the anaerobic digestion process reduce the economic and environmental performance of biogas systems. A better understanding of the highly complex process is of crucial importance in order to avoid disturbances. This review defines process disturbances as significant changes in the functionality within the microbial community leading to unacceptable and severe decreases in biogas production and requiring an active counteraction to be overcome. The main types of process disturbances in agricultural biogas production are classified as unfavorable process temperatures, fluctuations in the availability of macro- and micronutrients (Feedstock Variability), overload of the microbial degradation potential, process-related accumulation of inhibiting metabolites such as hydrogen (H2), ammonium/ammonia (NH4+/NH3) or hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and inhibition by other organic and inorganic toxicants. Causes, mechanisms and effects on the biogas microbiome are discussed. The need for a knowledge-based microbiome management to ensure a stable and efficient production of biogas with low susceptibility to disturbances is derived and an outlook on potential future process monitoring and control by means of microbial indicators is provided
Tyler L. Westover - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sources of Biomass Feedstock Variability and the Potential Impact on Biofuels Production
BioEnergy Research, 2016Co-Authors: C. Luke Williams, Tyler L. Westover, Rachel M. Emerson, Jaya Shankar TumuluruAbstract:Terrestrial lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to be a carbon neutral and domestic source of fuels and chemicals. However, the innate Variability of biomass resources, such as herbaceous and woody materials, and the inconsistency within a single resource due to disparate growth and harvesting conditions, presents challenges for downstream processes which often require materials that are physically and chemically consistent. Intrinsic biomass characteristics, including moisture content, carbohydrate and ash compositions, bulk density, and particle size/shape distributions are highly variable and can impact the economics of transforming biomass into value-added products. For instance, ash content increases by an order of magnitude between woody and herbaceous Feedstocks (from ∼0.5 to 5 %, respectively) while lignin content drops by a factor of two (from ∼30 to 15 %, respectively). This increase in ash and reduction in lignin leads to biofuel conversion consequences, such as reduced pyrolysis oil yields for herbaceous products as compared to woody material. In this review, the sources of Variability for key biomass characteristics are presented for multiple types of biomass. Additionally, this review investigates the major impacts of the Variability in biomass composition on four conversion processes: fermentation, hydrothermal liquefaction, pyrolysis, and direct combustion. Finally, future research processes aimed at reducing the detrimental impacts of biomass Variability on conversion to fuels and chemicals are proposed. © 2015 Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC, contract manager for Idaho National Laboratory.
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Understanding biomass Feedstock Variability
Biofuels, 2014Co-Authors: Kevin L. Kenney, William A. Smith, Garold L. Gresham, Tyler L. WestoverAbstract:If the singular goal of biomass logistics and the design of biomass Feedstock supply systems is to reduce the per-ton supply cost of biomass, these systems may very well develop with ultimate unintended consequences of highly variable and reduced quality biomass Feedstocks. This paper demonstrates that, due to inherent species variabilities, production conditions and differing harvest, collection and storage practices, this is a very real scenario that biomass producers and suppliers as well as conversion developers should be aware of. Biomass Feedstock attributes of ash, carbohydrates, moisture and particle morphology will be discussed. We will also discuss specifications for these attributes, inherent Variability of these attributes in biomass Feedstocks, and approaches and solutions for reducing Variability for improving Feedstock quality.
Greg Austin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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factors determining the stability and productivity of small scale anaerobic digesters
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2014Co-Authors: Linus Naik, Zenebe Gebreegziabher, Vianney Tumwesige, Bedru Babulo Balana, Jecinta Mwirigi, Greg AustinAbstract:Abstract Biogas as a technology and the factors that affect its productivity have both been well studied. Research has previously been done to look at the impact of temperature, pH, organic loading rate, carbon-to-nitrogen ratios, microbial populations and hydraulic retention time on different scales of biogas operations. Small scale biogas installations, of which many millions have been constructed and seem to be performing well, have been chosen as the area of focus for this paper. Such systems allow energy generation on site, thereby eliminating the need for energy intensive transport. This review paper explores the factors that govern the productivity and operational stability of biogas digesters, and goes on to highlight the most important factors for small scale operation. The review reveals that the key factors that govern the productivity and stability of small scale systems are Feedstock Variability, retention time, temperature and acidity of the system. These are the main parameters which should, therefore, be considered when looking into the potential of biogas as a widespread technology to be deployed to meet energy demands.
Jaya Shankar Tumuluru - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sources of Biomass Feedstock Variability and the Potential Impact on Biofuels Production
BioEnergy Research, 2016Co-Authors: C. Luke Williams, Tyler L. Westover, Rachel M. Emerson, Jaya Shankar TumuluruAbstract:Terrestrial lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to be a carbon neutral and domestic source of fuels and chemicals. However, the innate Variability of biomass resources, such as herbaceous and woody materials, and the inconsistency within a single resource due to disparate growth and harvesting conditions, presents challenges for downstream processes which often require materials that are physically and chemically consistent. Intrinsic biomass characteristics, including moisture content, carbohydrate and ash compositions, bulk density, and particle size/shape distributions are highly variable and can impact the economics of transforming biomass into value-added products. For instance, ash content increases by an order of magnitude between woody and herbaceous Feedstocks (from ∼0.5 to 5 %, respectively) while lignin content drops by a factor of two (from ∼30 to 15 %, respectively). This increase in ash and reduction in lignin leads to biofuel conversion consequences, such as reduced pyrolysis oil yields for herbaceous products as compared to woody material. In this review, the sources of Variability for key biomass characteristics are presented for multiple types of biomass. Additionally, this review investigates the major impacts of the Variability in biomass composition on four conversion processes: fermentation, hydrothermal liquefaction, pyrolysis, and direct combustion. Finally, future research processes aimed at reducing the detrimental impacts of biomass Variability on conversion to fuels and chemicals are proposed. © 2015 Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC, contract manager for Idaho National Laboratory.
