The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Parag R Gogate - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
degradation of p nitrophenol using acoustic cavitation and fenton chemistry
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010Co-Authors: Amey A Pradhan, Parag R GogateAbstract:Abstract Due to increasing human requirements, newer chemical species are being observed in the effluent streams with higher loadings such that efficacy of conventional treatment techniques is decreased and a combination of advanced oxidation processes is implemented for enhanced treatment ability and better energy efficiency. In the present work, the efficacy of combination of sonochemistry and Fenton chemistry has been investigated for wastewater treatment considering p-nitrophenol as model pollutant at pilot Scale Operation. Degradation of p-nitrophenol has been investigated under various operating conditions based on the use of ultrasound, Fenton process, ultrasound and H 2 O 2 , ultrasound and Fe, ultrasound and FeSO 4 , ultrasound and conventional Fenton process and ultrasound and advanced Fenton process. Two different initial concentrations of 0.5 and 1% of p-nitrophenol have been used for the experiments. In conventional Fenton and advanced Fenton process, two loadings of FeSO 4 and Fe powder 0.5 and 1 g/l and three ratios of FeSO 4 :H 2 O 2 and Fe:H 2 O 2 (1:5, 1:7.5 and 1:10) were investigated respectively. In all the systems investigated, maximum extent of degradation (66.4%) was observed for 0.5% p-nitrophenol concentration (w/v) using a combination of ultrasound and advanced Fenton process. The novelty of the work is in terms of investigating the efficacies of combined advanced oxidation processes based on the use of cavitation and Fenton chemistry at pilot Scale Operation and tries to establish the missing design related information for large Scale Operation of wastewater treatment.
-
removal of p nitrophenol using hydrodynamic cavitation and fenton chemistry at pilot Scale Operation
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010Co-Authors: Amey A Pradhan, Parag R GogateAbstract:Abstract In the current work removal of p-nitrophenol has been investigated using hydrodynamic cavitation, either operated individually or in combination with H2O2 and conventional Fenton process. In hydrodynamic cavitation, two different cavitating devices viz. orifice plate and venturi have been used. Effect of different operating parameters such as initial concentration (5 g/l and 10 g/l), inlet pressure (over a range 5.7–42.6 psi) and pH (over a range 2–8) on the extent of removal has been investigated. In conventional Fenton process two loadings of FeSO4, 0.5 g/l and 1 g/l were investigated and three ratios of FeSO4:H2O2 viz. 1:5, 1:7.5 and 1:10 were used. Removal observed with venturi was higher than with orifice plate in combination with Fenton chemistry. For 5 g/l initial concentration of p-nitrophenol, maximum removal of 63.2% was observed whereas for 10 g/l solution it was 56.2%.
-
cavitational reactors for process intensification of chemical processing applications a critical review
Chemical Engineering and Processing, 2008Co-Authors: Parag R GogateAbstract:Cavitational reactors are a novel and promising form of multiphase reactors, based on the principle of release of large magnitude of energy due to the violent collapse of the cavities. An overview of this novel technology, in the specific area of process intensification of chemical processing applications, in terms of the basic mechanism and different areas of application has been presented initially. Recommendations for optimum operating parameters based on the theoretical analysis of cavitation phenomena as well as comparison with experimentally observed trends reported in the literature have been presented. A design of a pilot Scale sonochemical reactor has been presented, which forms the basis for development of industrial Scale reactors. Some experimental case studies using industrially important reactions have been presented, highlighting the degree of intensification achieved as compared to the conventional approaches. Guidelines for required further work for ensuring successful application of cavitational reactors at industrial Scale Operation have been presented. Overall it appears that considerable economic savings is possible by means of harnessing the spectacular effects of cavitation in chemical processing applications.
-
treatment of wastewater streams containing phenolic compounds using hybrid techniques based on cavitation a review of the current status and the way forward
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Parag R GogateAbstract:Abstract Phenolic compounds, including its chloro and nitro derivatives, contribute significantly to environmental hazards due to high degree of toxicity as well as improper disposal methods. Cavitation can be used for degradation of phenolic compounds and recently Kidak and Ince [R. Kidak, N.H. Ince, Ultrason. Sonochem. 13 (2006) 195] have given an interesting review on the application of cavitation for destruction of phenolic compounds. A main finding of their work and generally accepted fact is that cavitation alone cannot be an economical technique for wastewater treatment. The present work overviews the different ways in which the cavitation phenomena can be intensified by using additives and/or combining cavitation with other oxidation processes. Hybrid methods viz. Ultrasound/H2O2 or ozone, cavitation assisted by use of catalysts/additives, sonophotocatalytic oxidation and cavitation coupled with biological oxidation have been discussed with specific reference to the principle behind the expected synergism, different reactor configurations used and optimum considerations for the operating and geometric parameters. Some of the important works evaluating the application of these processes for the destruction of phenolic compounds has been described in details. Some guidelines for the future work required to facilitate efficient large-Scale Operation have also been given.
-
application of cavitational reactors for water disinfection current status and path forward
Journal of Environmental Management, 2007Co-Authors: Parag R GogateAbstract:Cavitational reactors are a novel and promising form of multiphase reactors, based on the principle of release of large magnitude of energy due to the violent collapse of the cavities. An overview of cavitational reactors in the specific area of water disinfection, in terms of the basic mechanism, different reactor designs including recommendations for optimum operating parameters and applicability of the cavitation phenomena for disinfection of different micro-organisms have been presented. A design of a pilot Scale sonochemical reactor has been presented, which forms the basis for development of industrial Scale reactors. Economic analysis for comparison of cavitation phenomena with other conventional techniques of disinfection has been discussed. It appears that though cavitation is quite successful in treatment of water at laboratory Scale Operations, comparatively higher cost of treatment as compared to the conventional chemical methods is a hindrance in its industrial Scale application. Intensification of cavitational activity and efficient design of industrial Scale hydrodynamic cavitation reactors is required for ensuring successful application of cavitational reactors at industrial Scale Operation.
Yutaka Natsukari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
growth and water quality for growing out of juvenile spotted babylon babylonia areolata at different water exchange regimes in a large Scale Operation of earthen ponds
Aquaculture International, 2009Co-Authors: Sirusa Kritsanapuntu, Nilnaj Chaitanawisuti, Yutaka NatsukariAbstract:Growth and water quality for growing-out of juvenile spotted Babylon, Babylonia areolata, were determined at three water-exchange regimes of 7-, 15- and 30-day intervals in large-Scale Operation of earthen ponds over a 5-month period. Results showed that growth was significantly different among the water-exchange treatments (P < 0.05). The higher body weight gains and shell length increments were observed in snails held at water exchange of 7- and 15-day intervals when compared with those held at water exchange of 30-day intervals. At the end of the experiment, average body weight gains were 4.22, 3.73 and 2.77 g for snails held in water-exchange treatments of 7-, 15- and 30-day intervals, respectively, and 16.63, 15.04 and 13.78 mm for those of shell length increments, respectively, The average final survivals were 83.60, 80.90 and 74.20% for snails held in water-exchange treatments of 7-, 15- and 30-day intervals, respectively. Seawater temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrite–nitrogen and ammonia–nitrogen had gradually changed throughout the culture period for all water-exchange treatments. With one exception, the total alkalinity showed the greatest changes during the culture period for all water-exchange treatments ranging from 58.67–97.50 mg/l.
-
growth production and economic evaluation of earthen ponds for monoculture and polyculture of juveniles spotted babylon babylonia areolata to marketable sizes using large Scale Operation
Journal of Shellfish Research, 2006Co-Authors: Sirusa Kritsanapuntu, Nilnaj Chaitanawisuti, Wannanee Santhaweesuk, Yutaka NatsukariAbstract:Abstract The study was conducted to determine the feasibility for growing-out of the spotted babylon juveniles (Babylonia areolata) to marketable sizes with the large-Scale Operation of 20.0 × 20.0 × 1.5 m earthen ponds at Petchaburi province, Thailand. The production and economic analysis for monoculture of spotted Babylon were compared with the polyculture with sea bass (Lates calcarifer). Each pond was stocked with juveniles of 0.3 g initial weight at a density of 200 snails m−2. This study provides good results in growth and production of spotted babylon in earthen ponds. The average growth rates in body weight were 0.67 and 0.51 g mo−1 for snails held in the monoculture and polyculture with sea bass, respectively. At the end of the experiment, total yield of spotted babylon held in the monoculture and polyculture with sea bass was 10,520 and 10,450 kg ha−1, respectively. Based on farm data, stocking data and harvest data used in this study, total cost per production cycle of the monoculture and polyc...
-
pilot study on polyculture of juveniles spotted babylon babylonia areolata with milkfish chanos chanos to marketable sizes using large Scale Operation of earthen ponds in thailand
Aquaculture Research, 2006Co-Authors: Sirusa Kritsanapuntu, Nilnaj Chaitanawisuti, Wannanee Santhaweesuk, Yutaka NatsukariAbstract:Growth, production and economic analysis was performed for the polyculture of juveniles spotted babylon, Babylonia areolata, and milkfish, Chanos chanos, to marketable sizes using a large-Scale production of earthen ponds in Thailand. The analysis was based on actual cost and production data from a pilot commercial-Scale farm. A total farm area of 0.8 ha was comprised of 0.3 ha grow-out earthen ponds, a 0.4 ha seawater reservoir, and a 0.08 ha accommodation and office. Each pond was stocked with spotted babylon juveniles of 0.3 g initial body weight at a density of 200 snails m[superscript [-]2], and they were harvested at a 7-month period, at an average body weight of 4.6 g for a total yield per production cycle of spotted babylon and milkfish of 9875 and 6875 kg ha[superscript [-]1] respectively. Based on farm data and harvest data used in this study, initial investment requirement was estimated to be $4837. The ownership cost and operating cost per production cycle were $2241 and $18 501 respectively. Total cost per production cycle was $20 742. The cost of producing spotted babylon marketable sizes in this grow-out farm design was $6.56 kg[superscript [-]1]. The enterprise budgets based on the price of spotted babylon at a farm gate in 2003 of $9.00 kg[superscript [-]1] results in gross return, net return, return to capital and management, and return on investment of $31 190, $10 448, $12 689 and 2.62 respectively. Milkfish was not calculated for any returns because they were less than marketable sizes.
B Caccianiga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
science and technology of borexino a real time detector for low energy solar neutrinos
Astroparticle Physics, 2002Co-Authors: G Alimonti, C Arpesella, H O Back, M Balata, T Beau, G Bellini, J Benziger, S Bonetti, A Brigatti, B CaccianigaAbstract:Abstract Borexino, a real-time device for low energy neutrino spectroscopy is nearing completion of construction in the underground laboratories at Gran Sasso, Italy (LNGS). The experiment's goal is the direct measurement of the flux of 7 Be solar neutrinos of all flavors via neutrino–electron scattering in an ultra-pure scintillation liquid. Seeded by a series of innovations which were brought to fruition by large-Scale Operation of a 4-ton test detector at LNGS, a new technology has been developed for Borexino. It enables sub-MeV solar neutrino spectroscopy for the first time. This paper describes the design of Borexino, the various facilities essential to its Operation, its spectroscopic and background suppression capabilities and a prognosis of the impact of its results towards resolving the solar neutrino problem. Borexino will also address several other frontier questions in particle physics, astrophysics and geophysics.
G Alimonti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
science and technology of borexino a real time detector for low energy solar neutrinos
Astroparticle Physics, 2002Co-Authors: G Alimonti, C Arpesella, H O Back, M Balata, T Beau, G Bellini, J Benziger, S Bonetti, A Brigatti, B CaccianigaAbstract:Abstract Borexino, a real-time device for low energy neutrino spectroscopy is nearing completion of construction in the underground laboratories at Gran Sasso, Italy (LNGS). The experiment's goal is the direct measurement of the flux of 7 Be solar neutrinos of all flavors via neutrino–electron scattering in an ultra-pure scintillation liquid. Seeded by a series of innovations which were brought to fruition by large-Scale Operation of a 4-ton test detector at LNGS, a new technology has been developed for Borexino. It enables sub-MeV solar neutrino spectroscopy for the first time. This paper describes the design of Borexino, the various facilities essential to its Operation, its spectroscopic and background suppression capabilities and a prognosis of the impact of its results towards resolving the solar neutrino problem. Borexino will also address several other frontier questions in particle physics, astrophysics and geophysics.
-
science and technology of borexino a real time detector for low energy solar neutrinos solar neutrinos
arXiv: High Energy Physics - Experiment, 2000Co-Authors: G AlimontiAbstract:BOREXINO, a real-time device for low energy neutrino spectroscopy is nearing completion of construction in the underground laboratories at Gran Sasso, Italy (LNGS). The experiment's goal is the direct measurement of the flux of 7Be solar neutrinos of all flavors via neutrino-electron scattering in an ultra-pure scintillation liquid. Seeded by a series of innovations which were brought to fruition by large Scale Operation of a 4-ton test detector at LNGS, a new technology has been developed for BOREXINO. It enables sub-MeV solar neutrino spectroscopy for the first time. This paper describes the design of BOREXINO, the various facilities essential to its Operation, its spectroscopic and background suppression capabilities and a prognosis of the impact of its results towards resolving the solar neutrino problem. BOREXINO will also address several other frontier questions in particle physics, astrophysics and geophysics.
Wei Liao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
techno economic analysis of electrocoagulation on water reclamation and bacterial viral indicator reductions of a high strength organic wastewater anaerobic digestion effluent
Sustainability, 2020Co-Authors: Sibel Uludagdemirer, Nathan Olson, Rebecca Ives, Jean Pierre Nshimyimana, Cory A Rusinek, Joan B Rose, Wei LiaoAbstract:This study investigated the use of iron and aluminum and their combinations as electrodes to determine the technically sound and economically feasible electrochemical approach for the treatment of anaerobic digestion effluent. The results indicated that the use of iron as anode and cathode is the most suitable solution among different electrode combinations. The reduction of turbidity, total chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total coliforms, Escherichia coli , Enterococci, and phages in the reclaimed water were 99%, 91%, 100%, 1.5 log, 1.7 log, 1.0 log, and 2.0 log, respectively. The economic assessment further concluded that the average treatment cost is $3 per 1000 L for a small-Scale Operation handling 3000 L wastewater/day. This study demonstrated that the electrocoagulation (EC) is a promising technique for the recovery and reclamation of water from anaerobic digestion effluent. Even though its energy consumption is higher and the nitrogen removal is insufficient compared to some conventional wastewater treatment technologies, there are several advantages of the EC treatment, such as short retention time, small footprint, no mixing, and gradual addition of coagulants. These features make EC technology applicable to be used alone or combined with other technologies for a wide range of wastewater treatment applications.
