The Experts below are selected from a list of 46839 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Miet Maertens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Female Employment reduces Fertility in Rural Senegal
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Goedele Van Den Broeck, Miet MaertensAbstract:Economic growth and modernization of society are generally associated with fertility rate decreases but which forces trigger this is unclear. In this paper we assess how fertility changes with increased labor market participation of women in rural Senegal. Evidence from high-income countries suggests that higher Female Employment rates lead to reduced fertility rates but evidence from developing countries at an early stage of demographic transition is largely absent. We concentrate on a rural area in northern Senegal where a recent boom in horticultural exports has been associated with a sudden increase in Female off-farm Employment. Using survey data we show that employed women have a significantly higher age at marriage and at first childbirth, and significantly fewer children. As causal identification strategy we use instrumental variable and difference-in-differences estimations, combined with propensity score matching. We find that Female Employment reduces the number of children per woman by 25%, and that this fertility-reducing effect is as large for poor as for non-poor women and larger for illiterate than for literate women. Results imply that Female Employment is a strong instrument for empowering rural women, reducing fertility rates and accelerating the demographic transition in poor countries. The effectiveness of family planning programs can increase if targeted to areas where Female Employment is increasing or to Female employees directly because of a higher likelihood to reach women with low-fertility preferences. Our results show that changes in fertility preferences not necessarily result from a cultural evolution but can also be driven by sudden and individual changes in economic opportunities.
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Female Employment reduces Fertility in Rural Senegal
2015Co-Authors: Goedele Van Den Broeck, Miet MaertensAbstract:The recent horticultural export boom in Senegal has created new off-farm wage Employment opportunities for the rural population, especially for women. We hypothesise that Female wage Employment may lower fertility rates through an income effect, an empowerment effect and a substitution effect, and address this question empirically using household survey data and two different regression techniques (a Difference-in-Differences estimator and an Instrumental Variable approach). We find that besides education, Female Employment has a significant negative effect on fertility rates. Reducing fertility rates is considered as a prerequisite for reaching the MDGs, and our finding implies that the horticultural export boom and associated Employment may indirectly contribute to this.
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does Female Employment reduce fertility rates evidence from the senegalese horticultural export sector
2014Co-Authors: Goedele Van Den Broeck, Miet MaertensAbstract:The recent horticultural export boom in Senegal has created new off-farm wage Employment opportunities for the rural population, especially for women. We hypothesise that Female wage Employment may lower fertility rates through an income effect, an empowerment effect and a substitution effect, and address this question empirically using household survey data and two different regression techniques (a Difference-in-Differences estimator and an Instrumental Variable approach). We find that besides education, Female Employment has a significant negative effect on fertility rates. Reducing fertility rates is considered as a prerequisite for reaching the MDGs, and our finding implies that the horticultural export boom and associated Employment may indirectly contribute to this.
Anna Matysiak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the causal effects of the number of children on Female Employment do european institutional and gender conditions matter
Journal of Labor Research, 2016Co-Authors: Anna Matysiak, Anna BaranowskaratajAbstract:This paper contributes to the discussion on the effects of the number of children on Female Employment in Europe. Most previous research has either (1) compared these effects across countries, assu ...
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finding their way Female Employment patterns in west germany east germany and poland
2009Co-Authors: Anna Matysiak, Stephanie SteinmetzAbstract:The aim of this article is to examine how (i) children and (ii) the existence and potential earnings of husbands affect women's Employment patterns in West Germany, East Germany, and Poland. In particular, it assesses whether Employment patterns in East Germany and Poland resemble those exhibited in West Germany after the collapse of the socialist regime. Given the considerable changes to labour market and family policies experienced by post-socialist countries that have resulted in an increased conflict between family and work, this is an important area of research. In the post-socialist countries, we find differences in Female Employment patterns compared to West Germany, expressed in the lower magnitude of child and husband effects. We argue that women in Poland and East Germany are going their own way, rejecting the ‘male breadwinner’ model, and only partly adjusting their behaviour to changing structural conditions.
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Who follows whom? : Female Employment patterns in West Germany, East Germany and Poland
2006Co-Authors: Anna Matysiak, Stephanie SteinmetzAbstract:The objective of this paper is to answer the question of how far and to what extent women in post-socialist countries adopted Employment patterns of countries belonging to a conservative welfare regime. This topic is important, taking into account changes in labour market and family policies experienced by post-socialist countries that resulted in an increased conflict between family and work and consequently a severe drop in fertility. The issue is addressed by implementing two binomial logit models on labour force data, comparing Poland, East Germany and West Germany. Special attention is paid to the development of part-time Employment. Our results reveal only minor indications of the adoption of West German Female Employment patterns in Poland and East Germany. In the former GDR they are expressed in an increase in the prevalence of part-time work among mothers. In Poland a polarisation between full-time Employment and non-Employment among mothers of youngest children is observed. Contrary to the child effect the effect of marriage and husband's labour market status do not affect Female Employment in a way that would indicate an adoption of West German Female Employment patterns. This all may suggest that women in post-socialist countries are rather going their 'own' way, and only partly adjusting their behaviour to the changing structural conditions.
Goedele Van Den Broeck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Female Employment reduces Fertility in Rural Senegal
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Goedele Van Den Broeck, Miet MaertensAbstract:Economic growth and modernization of society are generally associated with fertility rate decreases but which forces trigger this is unclear. In this paper we assess how fertility changes with increased labor market participation of women in rural Senegal. Evidence from high-income countries suggests that higher Female Employment rates lead to reduced fertility rates but evidence from developing countries at an early stage of demographic transition is largely absent. We concentrate on a rural area in northern Senegal where a recent boom in horticultural exports has been associated with a sudden increase in Female off-farm Employment. Using survey data we show that employed women have a significantly higher age at marriage and at first childbirth, and significantly fewer children. As causal identification strategy we use instrumental variable and difference-in-differences estimations, combined with propensity score matching. We find that Female Employment reduces the number of children per woman by 25%, and that this fertility-reducing effect is as large for poor as for non-poor women and larger for illiterate than for literate women. Results imply that Female Employment is a strong instrument for empowering rural women, reducing fertility rates and accelerating the demographic transition in poor countries. The effectiveness of family planning programs can increase if targeted to areas where Female Employment is increasing or to Female employees directly because of a higher likelihood to reach women with low-fertility preferences. Our results show that changes in fertility preferences not necessarily result from a cultural evolution but can also be driven by sudden and individual changes in economic opportunities.
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Female Employment reduces Fertility in Rural Senegal
2015Co-Authors: Goedele Van Den Broeck, Miet MaertensAbstract:The recent horticultural export boom in Senegal has created new off-farm wage Employment opportunities for the rural population, especially for women. We hypothesise that Female wage Employment may lower fertility rates through an income effect, an empowerment effect and a substitution effect, and address this question empirically using household survey data and two different regression techniques (a Difference-in-Differences estimator and an Instrumental Variable approach). We find that besides education, Female Employment has a significant negative effect on fertility rates. Reducing fertility rates is considered as a prerequisite for reaching the MDGs, and our finding implies that the horticultural export boom and associated Employment may indirectly contribute to this.
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does Female Employment reduce fertility rates evidence from the senegalese horticultural export sector
2014Co-Authors: Goedele Van Den Broeck, Miet MaertensAbstract:The recent horticultural export boom in Senegal has created new off-farm wage Employment opportunities for the rural population, especially for women. We hypothesise that Female wage Employment may lower fertility rates through an income effect, an empowerment effect and a substitution effect, and address this question empirically using household survey data and two different regression techniques (a Difference-in-Differences estimator and an Instrumental Variable approach). We find that besides education, Female Employment has a significant negative effect on fertility rates. Reducing fertility rates is considered as a prerequisite for reaching the MDGs, and our finding implies that the horticultural export boom and associated Employment may indirectly contribute to this.
Stephanie Steinmetz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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finding their way Female Employment patterns in west germany east germany and poland
2009Co-Authors: Anna Matysiak, Stephanie SteinmetzAbstract:The aim of this article is to examine how (i) children and (ii) the existence and potential earnings of husbands affect women's Employment patterns in West Germany, East Germany, and Poland. In particular, it assesses whether Employment patterns in East Germany and Poland resemble those exhibited in West Germany after the collapse of the socialist regime. Given the considerable changes to labour market and family policies experienced by post-socialist countries that have resulted in an increased conflict between family and work, this is an important area of research. In the post-socialist countries, we find differences in Female Employment patterns compared to West Germany, expressed in the lower magnitude of child and husband effects. We argue that women in Poland and East Germany are going their own way, rejecting the ‘male breadwinner’ model, and only partly adjusting their behaviour to changing structural conditions.
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Who follows whom? : Female Employment patterns in West Germany, East Germany and Poland
2006Co-Authors: Anna Matysiak, Stephanie SteinmetzAbstract:The objective of this paper is to answer the question of how far and to what extent women in post-socialist countries adopted Employment patterns of countries belonging to a conservative welfare regime. This topic is important, taking into account changes in labour market and family policies experienced by post-socialist countries that resulted in an increased conflict between family and work and consequently a severe drop in fertility. The issue is addressed by implementing two binomial logit models on labour force data, comparing Poland, East Germany and West Germany. Special attention is paid to the development of part-time Employment. Our results reveal only minor indications of the adoption of West German Female Employment patterns in Poland and East Germany. In the former GDR they are expressed in an increase in the prevalence of part-time work among mothers. In Poland a polarisation between full-time Employment and non-Employment among mothers of youngest children is observed. Contrary to the child effect the effect of marriage and husband's labour market status do not affect Female Employment in a way that would indicate an adoption of West German Female Employment patterns. This all may suggest that women in post-socialist countries are rather going their 'own' way, and only partly adjusting their behaviour to the changing structural conditions.
Marianne Simonsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Price of High-quality Daycare and Female Employment
Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2010Co-Authors: Marianne SimonsenAbstract:Using local variation between municipalities, I analyze the degree to which the price of high-quality publicly subsidized childcare affects Female Employment following maternity leave. Importantly, prices are income dependent and thus likely endogenous, yet by exploiting information on minimum income compensation during non-Employment, I bypass this problem. The results show that the price negatively affects Employment. A price increase of €1 per month decreases Employment by 0.08%, which corresponds to a price elasticity of -0.17. These effects prevail during the first 12 months after childbirth. I also find that availability of childcare increases Employment. Copyright © The editors of the "Scandinavian Journal of Economics" 2010 .
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price of high quality daycare and Female Employment
The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2010Co-Authors: Marianne SimonsenAbstract:Using local variation between municipalities, I analyze the degree to which the price of high-quality publicly subsidized childcare affects Female Employment following maternity leave. Importantly, prices are income dependent and thus likely endogenous, yet by exploiting information on minimum income compensation during non-Employment, I bypass this problem. The results show that the price negatively affects Employment. A price increase of €1 per month decreases Employment by 0.08%, which corresponds to a price elasticity of −0.17. These effects prevail during the first 12 months after childbirth. I also find that availability of childcare increases Employment.
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Availability and Price of High Quality Day Care and Female Employment
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2006Co-Authors: Marianne SimonsenAbstract:In this paper I analyse to what degree availability and price of high quality publicly subsidised child care affects Female Employment for women living in couples following maternity leave. The results show that unrestricted access to day care has a significantly positive effect on Female Employment. The price effect is significantly negative: An increase in the price of child care of C=1 will decrease the Female Employment with 0.08% corresponding to a price elasticity of -0.17. This effect prevails during the first 12 months after childbirth.
