The Experts below are selected from a list of 276 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Joohon Sung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Socioeconomic Status and Number of Children Among Korean Women: The Healthy Twin Study
Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi, 2013Co-Authors: Jinseob Kim, Joohon SungAbstract:OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate whether the birth rate is associated with socioeconomic status in the women of the Republic of Korea, where the birth rate is rapidly decreasing. METHODS This study included 732 females from the Healthy Twin Study, a family-twin cohort. The participants were classified into 3 socioeconomic groups according to their average income, education, and occupation. The association between socioeconomic status and Number of Children was assessed using gamma regression analysis with a generalized linear mixed model, adjusting for the age group, smoking/alcohol status, and family relationships. RESULTS The group with the highest education level had significantly fewer Children compared with the group with the lowest education level (p=0.004). However, no significant associations were found according to household income level. The non-manual labor group had significantly fewer Children compared with those working as homemakers (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS This study aimed to explain the causal relationship between socioeconomic status and Number of Children. Associations between some socioeconomic status and Number of Children were found in Korea.
Grazyna Jasienska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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digit ratio 2d 4d as an indicator of body size testosterone concentration and Number of Children in human males
Annals of Human Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Magdalena Klimek, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Ilona Nenko, Louis Calistro Alvarado, Grazyna JasienskaAbstract:AbstractObjectives: The 2nd to 4th digit ratio (2D:4D) is thought to reflect exposure to androgens during foetal development. This study examined the relationship between low (more masculine) and high (more feminine) 2D:4D and body size at different stages of the life course, adult testosterone levels and Number of Children among males.Methods: Five hundred and fifty-eight men from rural Poland at the Mogielica Human Ecology Study Site participated in this study. Life history data and anthropometric measurements were collected. Salivary morning and evening testosterone levels among 110 men from the same population were measured.Results: Low 2D:4D was related to higher birth weight (p = 0.04), higher birth length (p = 0.01), higher body mass during childhood and adolescence (p = 0.01), higher BMI (borderline significance, p = 0.06), higher Number of Children among fathers (p = 0.04) and higher testosterone levels during adulthood (p = 0.04).Conclusions: This study shows, for the first time in a single popu...
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Testosterone levels correlate with the Number of Children in human males, but the direction of the relationship depends on paternal education
Evolution and Human Behavior, 2012Co-Authors: Grazyna Jasienska, Michal Jasienski, Peter T. EllisonAbstract:Abstract Most research shows that fatherhood is related to reduced testosterone (T) levels, but relationships between the Number of Children and T levels are not addressed. In humans, paternal care usually involves obtaining adequate resources to support Children, which may require engaging in male–male competition and maintaining high T levels. We hypothesize that T levels in fathers should increase with increasing family size. In 78 Polish men, aged 30 to 77 years, the Number of Children was significantly correlated with paternal T levels, but the direction of this relationship was dependent on the fathers' education. In agreement with our hypothesis, in men with below-college education, T levels increased with increasing Number of Children. In contrast, in men with college education, the Number of Children was negatively related to paternal T levels. Drop in T levels throughout the day tended to be less pronounced the more Children fathers had, irrespective of their educational level. Our results suggest that a hypothesis of simple trade-offs between mating and parenting effort may be too simplistic to explain changes in testosterone response to parenting in human males. In order to understand functional response of changes in T levels, it is crucial to account for family size and socioeconomic factors. However, due to the cross-sectional study design, we cannot exclude the possibility that T levels influenced reproductive behavior (rather than vice versa) and thus the Number of Children produced by men.
Peter T. Ellison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Testosterone levels correlate with the Number of Children in human males, but the direction of the relationship depends on paternal education
Evolution and Human Behavior, 2012Co-Authors: Grazyna Jasienska, Michal Jasienski, Peter T. EllisonAbstract:Abstract Most research shows that fatherhood is related to reduced testosterone (T) levels, but relationships between the Number of Children and T levels are not addressed. In humans, paternal care usually involves obtaining adequate resources to support Children, which may require engaging in male–male competition and maintaining high T levels. We hypothesize that T levels in fathers should increase with increasing family size. In 78 Polish men, aged 30 to 77 years, the Number of Children was significantly correlated with paternal T levels, but the direction of this relationship was dependent on the fathers' education. In agreement with our hypothesis, in men with below-college education, T levels increased with increasing Number of Children. In contrast, in men with college education, the Number of Children was negatively related to paternal T levels. Drop in T levels throughout the day tended to be less pronounced the more Children fathers had, irrespective of their educational level. Our results suggest that a hypothesis of simple trade-offs between mating and parenting effort may be too simplistic to explain changes in testosterone response to parenting in human males. In order to understand functional response of changes in T levels, it is crucial to account for family size and socioeconomic factors. However, due to the cross-sectional study design, we cannot exclude the possibility that T levels influenced reproductive behavior (rather than vice versa) and thus the Number of Children produced by men.
Andrew J. Oswald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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AN EMPIRICAL STUDY of UNEMPLOYMENT AND THE Number of Children IN CARE
Oxford Economic Papers, 1991Co-Authors: Alan A. Carruth, Andrew J. OswaldAbstract:The paper uses British country data from the 1980s to try to identify the factors which determine the Number of Children in care. A doubling of unemployment appears to be associated, cateris paribus, with a rise by two thirds in the Number of Children in care. In this complex and relatively unexplored field, however, all finding must be treated cautiously.
S Miyamoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Marriage rate and Number of Children among young adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Japan.
Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2000Co-Authors: S Aono, N Matsuura, S Amemiya, Y Igarashi, Y Uchigata, T Urakami, K Kida, N Sasaki, Y Miki, S MiyamotoAbstract:The main purpose of our study was to identify the social circumstances and lifestyle of IDDM patients in Japan. The present study focused on the marriage status of both men and women with IDDM as well as the Number of Children of women with IDDM. A questionnaire was sent to hospitals across the country. Doctors handed it or mailed it to IDDM patients aged 18 years or older. Unsigned answer sheets were returned directly by the patients. Data on the marriage rate and Number of Children were obtained, and possible factors affecting these indices were assessed. One thousand and thirteen patients (354 men and 659 women) answered the questionnaire. Both men and women with IDDM were less likely to be married in comparison with age-matched Japanese. The Number of Children of married IDDM women in various age groups was also lower in comparison with the general Japanese female population. Several factors other than diabetes complications including job discrimination, high medical costs, and psychological pressures, were thought to be responsible for these results.
