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Donald L. Nuss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hypovirus responsive transcription factor gene pro1 of the chestnut blight fungus cryphonectria parasitica is required for Female Fertility asexual spore development and stable maintenance of hypovirus infection
Eukaryotic Cell, 2009Co-Authors: Qihong Sun, Gil Ho Choi, Donald L. NussAbstract:We report characterization of the gene encoding putative transcription factor PRO1, identified in transcriptional profiling studies as being downregulated in the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica in response to infection by virulence-attenuating hypoviruses. Sequence analysis confirmed that pro1 encodes a Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear cluster DNA binding protein with significant sequence similarity to the pro1 gene product that controls fruiting body development in Sordaria macrospora. Targeted disruption of the C. parasitica pro1 gene resulted in two phenotypic changes that also accompany hypovirus infection, a significant reduction in asexual sporulation that could be reversed by exposure to high light intensity, and loss of Female Fertility. The pro1 disruption mutant, however, retained full virulence. Although hypovirus CHV1-EP713 infection was established in the pro1 disruption mutant, infected colonies continually produced virus-free sectors, suggesting that PRO1 is required for stable maintenance of hypovirus infection. These results complement the recent characterization of the hypovirus-responsive homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ste12 C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor gene, cpst12, which was shown to be required for C. parasitica Female Fertility and virulence.
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ste12 transcription factor homologue cpst12 is down regulated by hypovirus infection and required for virulence and Female Fertility of the chestnut blight fungus cryphonectria parasitica
Eukaryotic Cell, 2007Co-Authors: Fuyou Deng, Todd D Allen, Donald L. NussAbstract:A putative homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ste12 transcription factor was identified in a series of expressed sequence tag-based microarray analyses as being down-regulated in strains of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, infected by virulence-attenuating hypoviruses. Cloning of the corresponding gene, cpst12, confirmed a high level of similarity to Ste12 homologues of other filamentous fungi. Disruption of cpst12 resulted in no alterations in in vitro growth characteristics or colony morphology and an increase in the production of asexual spores, indicating that CpST12 is dispensable for vegetative growth and conidiation on artificial medium. However, the disruption mutants showed a very substantial reduction in virulence on chestnut tissue and a complete loss of Female Fertility, two symptoms normally conferred by hypovirus infection. Both virulence and Female Fertility were restored by complementation with the wild-type cpst12 gene. Analysis of transcriptional changes caused by cpst12 gene disruption with a custom C. parastica cDNA microaray chip identified 152 responsive genes. A significant number of these putative CpST12-regulated genes were also responsive to hypovirus infection. Thus, cpst12 encodes a cellular transcription factor, CpST12, that is down-regulated by hypovirus infection and required for Female Fertility, virulence and regulated expression of a subset of hypovirus responsive host genes. Hypovirus infection of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica results in a persistent and stable set of phenotypic changes that can include reduced pigmentation, suppressed asexual sporulation, loss of Female Fertility, and hypovirulence (reduced virulence) (recently reviewed in references 17 and 32). The pleiotropic nature of these phenotypic changes suggested that hypoviruses may perturb one or several cellular regulatory pathways. Consistent with this view, a series of studies have provided evidence that hypovirus infection al
Johanna K. Höglund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Genome-wide association study for Female Fertility in Nordic Red cattle
2016Co-Authors: Johanna K. Höglund, Bart Buitenhuis, Bernt Guldbr, Mogens S. Lund, Goutam SahanaAbstract:Background: The Nordic Red Cattle (NRC) consists of animls belonging to the Danish Red, Finnish Ayrshire, and Swedish Red breeds. Compared to the Holstein breed, NRC animals are smaller, have a shorter calving interval, lower mastitis incidence and lower rates of stillborn calves, however they produce less milk, fat and protein. Female Fertility is an important trait for the dairy cattle farmer. Selection decisions in Female fertilty in NRC are based on the Female Fertility index (FTI). FTI is a composite index including a number of sub-indices describing aspects of Female Fertility in dairy cattle. The sub-traits of FTI are: number of inseminations per conception (AIS) in cows (C) and heifers (H), the length in days of the interval from calving to first insemination (ICF) in cows, days from first to last insemination (IFL) in cows and heifers, and 56-day non-return rate (NRR) in cows and heifers. The aim of this study was first to identify QTL for FTI by conducting a genome scan for variants associated with Fertility index using imputed whole genome sequence data based on 4207 Nordic Red sires, and subsequently analyzing which of the sub-traits were affected by each FTI QTL by associating them with the sub-traits. Results: A total 17,388 significant SNP markers (−log10(P)> 8.25) were detected for FTI distributed over 25 chromosomes. The chromosomes with the most significant markers were tested for associations with the underlying sub-traits: BTA
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validation of associations for Female Fertility traits in nordic holstein nordic red and jersey dairy cattle
BMC Genetics, 2014Co-Authors: Johanna K. Höglund, Goutam Sahana, Bernt Guldbrandtsen, Mogens S. LundAbstract:Background The results obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) often show pronounced disagreements. Validation of association studies is therefore desired before marker information is incorporated in selection decisions. A reliable way to confirm a discovered association between genetic markers and phenotypes is to validate the results in different populations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to validate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker associations to Female Fertility traits identified in the Nordic Holstein (NH) cattle population in the Nordic Red (NR) and Jersey (JER) cattle breeds. In the present study, we used data from 3,475 NH sires which were genotyped with the BovineSNP50 Beadchip to discover associations between SNP markers and eight Female Fertility-related traits. The significant SNP markers were then tested in NR and JER cattle.
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genome scan detects quantitative trait loci affecting Female Fertility traits in danish and swedish holstein cattle
Journal of Dairy Science, 2009Co-Authors: Johanna K. Höglund, Bernt Guldbrandtsen, Bo Thomsen, Mogens S. LundAbstract:Data from the joint Nordic breeding value prediction for Danish and Swedish Holstein grandsire families were used to locate quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Female Fertility traits in Danish and Swedish Holstein cattle. Up to 36 Holstein grandsires with over 2,000 sons were genotyped for 416 microsatellite markers. Single trait breeding values were used for 12 traits relating to Female Fertility and Female reproductive disorders. Data were analyzed by least squares regression analysis within and across families. Twenty-six QTL were detected on 17 different chromosomes. The best evidence was found for QTL segregating on Bos taurus chromosome (BTA)1, BTA7, BTA10, and BTA26. On each of these chromosomes, several QTL were detected affecting more than one of the Fertility traits investigated in this study. Evidence for segregation of additional QTL on BTA2, BTA9, and BTA24 was found.
Mogens S. Lund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Genome-wide association study for Female Fertility in Nordic Red cattle
2016Co-Authors: Johanna K. Höglund, Bart Buitenhuis, Bernt Guldbr, Mogens S. Lund, Goutam SahanaAbstract:Background: The Nordic Red Cattle (NRC) consists of animls belonging to the Danish Red, Finnish Ayrshire, and Swedish Red breeds. Compared to the Holstein breed, NRC animals are smaller, have a shorter calving interval, lower mastitis incidence and lower rates of stillborn calves, however they produce less milk, fat and protein. Female Fertility is an important trait for the dairy cattle farmer. Selection decisions in Female fertilty in NRC are based on the Female Fertility index (FTI). FTI is a composite index including a number of sub-indices describing aspects of Female Fertility in dairy cattle. The sub-traits of FTI are: number of inseminations per conception (AIS) in cows (C) and heifers (H), the length in days of the interval from calving to first insemination (ICF) in cows, days from first to last insemination (IFL) in cows and heifers, and 56-day non-return rate (NRR) in cows and heifers. The aim of this study was first to identify QTL for FTI by conducting a genome scan for variants associated with Fertility index using imputed whole genome sequence data based on 4207 Nordic Red sires, and subsequently analyzing which of the sub-traits were affected by each FTI QTL by associating them with the sub-traits. Results: A total 17,388 significant SNP markers (−log10(P)> 8.25) were detected for FTI distributed over 25 chromosomes. The chromosomes with the most significant markers were tested for associations with the underlying sub-traits: BTA
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validation of associations for Female Fertility traits in nordic holstein nordic red and jersey dairy cattle
BMC Genetics, 2014Co-Authors: Johanna K. Höglund, Goutam Sahana, Bernt Guldbrandtsen, Mogens S. LundAbstract:Background The results obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) often show pronounced disagreements. Validation of association studies is therefore desired before marker information is incorporated in selection decisions. A reliable way to confirm a discovered association between genetic markers and phenotypes is to validate the results in different populations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to validate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker associations to Female Fertility traits identified in the Nordic Holstein (NH) cattle population in the Nordic Red (NR) and Jersey (JER) cattle breeds. In the present study, we used data from 3,475 NH sires which were genotyped with the BovineSNP50 Beadchip to discover associations between SNP markers and eight Female Fertility-related traits. The significant SNP markers were then tested in NR and JER cattle.
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genome scan detects quantitative trait loci affecting Female Fertility traits in danish and swedish holstein cattle
Journal of Dairy Science, 2009Co-Authors: Johanna K. Höglund, Bernt Guldbrandtsen, Bo Thomsen, Mogens S. LundAbstract:Data from the joint Nordic breeding value prediction for Danish and Swedish Holstein grandsire families were used to locate quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Female Fertility traits in Danish and Swedish Holstein cattle. Up to 36 Holstein grandsires with over 2,000 sons were genotyped for 416 microsatellite markers. Single trait breeding values were used for 12 traits relating to Female Fertility and Female reproductive disorders. Data were analyzed by least squares regression analysis within and across families. Twenty-six QTL were detected on 17 different chromosomes. The best evidence was found for QTL segregating on Bos taurus chromosome (BTA)1, BTA7, BTA10, and BTA26. On each of these chromosomes, several QTL were detected affecting more than one of the Fertility traits investigated in this study. Evidence for segregation of additional QTL on BTA2, BTA9, and BTA24 was found.
Oscar Gonzalezrecio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inbreeding depression on Female Fertility and calving ease in spanish dairy cattle
Journal of Dairy Science, 2007Co-Authors: Oscar Gonzalezrecio, Lopez E De Maturana, J P GutierrezAbstract:Abstract Inbreeding depression on Female Fertility and calving ease in Spanish dairy cattle was studied by the traditional inbreeding coefficient (F) and an alternative measurement indicating the inbreeding rate ( Δ F) for each animal. Data included records from 49,497 and 62,134 cows for Fertility and calving ease, respectively. Both inbreeding measurements were included separately in the routine genetic evaluation models for number of insemination to conception (sequential threshold animal model) and calving ease (sire-maternal grandsire threshold model). The F was included in the model as a categorical effect, whereas Δ F was included as a linear covariate. Inbred cows showed impaired Fertility and tended to have more difficult calvings than low or noninbred cows. Pregnancy rate decreased by 1.68% on average for cows with F from 6.25 to 12.5%. This amount of inbreeding, however, did not seem to increase dystocia incidence. Inbreeding depression was larger for F greater than 12.5%. Cows with F greater than 25% had lower pregnancy rate and higher dystocia rate (−6.37 and 1.67%, respectively) than low or noninbred cows. The Δ F had a significant effect on Female Fertility. A Δ F=0.01, corresponding to an inbreeding coefficient of 5.62% for the average equivalent generations in the data used (5.68), lowered pregnancy rate by 1.5%. However, the posterior estimate for the effect of Δ F on calving ease was not significantly different from zero. Although similar patterns were found with both F and Δ F, the latter detected a lowered pregnancy rate at an equivalent F, probably because it may consider the known depth of the pedigree. The inbreeding rate might be an alternative choice to measure inbreeding depression.
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genetic parameters for Female Fertility traits and a Fertility index in spanish dairy cattle
Journal of Dairy Science, 2005Co-Authors: Oscar Gonzalezrecio, R AlendaAbstract:Genetic correlations among Female Fertility traits (linear and binary) were estimated using 225,085 artificial insemination records from 120,713 lactations on 63,160 Holstein cows. Fertility traits were: calving interval, days open, a linear transformation of days open, days to first insemination, interval between first and last insemination, number of inseminations per service period, pregnancy within 56 and 90 d after first insemination, and success in first insemination. A bivariate animal model was implemented using Bayesian methods in the case of binary traits. Low heritabilities (0.02 to 0.06) were estimated for these Fertility traits. Strong genetic correlations (0.89 to 0.99) were found among traits, except for days to first service, where the genetic correlation with other Fertility traits ranged from -0.52 to -0.18 for binary traits, and from 0.50 to 0.82 for days to first service, calving interval, and days open. Four Fertility indices were proposed utilizing information from insemination records; these indices combined one indicator of the beginning of the service period and one indicator of conception rate. Two additional indices used information from the milk-recording scheme, including calving interval and a linear transformation of days open. The Fertility index composed of days to first service and pregnancy within 56 d achieved the highest genetic gain for reducing Fertility cost, reducing days to first service, and reducing the number of inseminations per lactation ($8.60, -1.31 d, and -0.03 AI, respectively). This index achieved at least 15% higher genetic gain than obtained from indices with information from the milk recording scheme only (calving interval and days open).
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economic value of Female Fertility and its relationship with profit in spanish dairy cattle
Journal of Dairy Science, 2004Co-Authors: Oscar Gonzalezrecio, M A Perezcabal, R AlendaAbstract:Abstract A data file of 225,085 inseminations and 120,713 lactations from 63,160 Holstein cows was analyzed to obtain Female Fertility economic value according to number of inseminations per service period (INS). Fertility cost (FCOST) was included in a bioeconomic model, taking into account number of doses of semen, hormonal treatments, Fertility culling cost, and delayed milk and calf sales. A profit equation was elaborated to estimate Fertility cost and profit according to INS. Fertility in Spanish dairy cattle has worsened >10% over the last 14 yr. Days open have increased by about 15 d, and INS has increased from 1.7 to 2.0. A quadratic relationship was found between FCOST and INS. Similar profitability was estimated for cows who needed one or 2 INS, but when >3 INS were needed, profit decreased by >$205 (US dollars)/yr per cow. Cows that needed more INS had higher milk yield per lactation, but also had a higher culling risk and lower productive life and lifetime production, therefore, lower profit. Calving interval (CI) and INS economic values were, respectively, −$4.90 and −$67.32 (US dollars)/yr per cow and per one unit of change. The economic values of productive traits were $4.04, $1.02, and $1.19 (US dollars)/yr per cow and per one unit of change for kg protein, kg fat, and days in milk, respectively. A mature body weight economic value of −$0.67 (US dollars)/yr per cow and per kg was estimated. The relative importance of Fertility traits with respect to protein was 64% for CI and 24% for INS, although the CI economic value is highly influenced by phenotypic standard deviation considered.
Fuyou Deng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ste12 transcription factor homologue cpst12 is down regulated by hypovirus infection and required for virulence and Female Fertility of the chestnut blight fungus cryphonectria parasitica
Eukaryotic Cell, 2007Co-Authors: Fuyou Deng, Todd D Allen, Donald L. NussAbstract:A putative homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ste12 transcription factor was identified in a series of expressed sequence tag-based microarray analyses as being down-regulated in strains of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, infected by virulence-attenuating hypoviruses. Cloning of the corresponding gene, cpst12, confirmed a high level of similarity to Ste12 homologues of other filamentous fungi. Disruption of cpst12 resulted in no alterations in in vitro growth characteristics or colony morphology and an increase in the production of asexual spores, indicating that CpST12 is dispensable for vegetative growth and conidiation on artificial medium. However, the disruption mutants showed a very substantial reduction in virulence on chestnut tissue and a complete loss of Female Fertility, two symptoms normally conferred by hypovirus infection. Both virulence and Female Fertility were restored by complementation with the wild-type cpst12 gene. Analysis of transcriptional changes caused by cpst12 gene disruption with a custom C. parastica cDNA microaray chip identified 152 responsive genes. A significant number of these putative CpST12-regulated genes were also responsive to hypovirus infection. Thus, cpst12 encodes a cellular transcription factor, CpST12, that is down-regulated by hypovirus infection and required for Female Fertility, virulence and regulated expression of a subset of hypovirus responsive host genes. Hypovirus infection of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica results in a persistent and stable set of phenotypic changes that can include reduced pigmentation, suppressed asexual sporulation, loss of Female Fertility, and hypovirulence (reduced virulence) (recently reviewed in references 17 and 32). The pleiotropic nature of these phenotypic changes suggested that hypoviruses may perturb one or several cellular regulatory pathways. Consistent with this view, a series of studies have provided evidence that hypovirus infection al
