The Experts below are selected from a list of 84 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Christina J. Campbell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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copulation in free ranging black handed spider monkeys ateles geoffroyi
American Journal of Primatology, 2006Co-Authors: Christina J. CampbellAbstract:I report ad libitum data on 18 copulations involving free-ranging black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. All copulations were performed in a dorsoventral position, as is typically reported for this genus. Intromission often appeared difficult to achieve, possibly as a result of the large size of the glans penis in these animals. The average length from intromission to termination of thrusting exceeded 17 min, followed by an average period of almost 2 min before separation occurred, which suggests the possibility of a copulatory lock. Offspring of the Female Participant were almost always in close proximity to or in contact with the pair, and harassment by the offspring was observed only during the final stages of the copulation. All but one copulatory event occurred in complete seclusion from other adult males, and sexual behavior was not limited to any one adult male in the group. Am. J. Primatol. 68:1–5, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Copulation in free-ranging black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)
American Journal of Primatology, 2006Co-Authors: Christina J. CampbellAbstract:I report ad libitum data on 18 copulations involving free-ranging black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. All copulations were performed in a dorsoventral position, as is typically reported for this genus. Intromission often appeared difficult to achieve, possibly as a result of the large size of the glans penis in these animals. The average length from intromission to termination of thrusting exceeded 17 min, followed by an average period of almost 2 min before separation occurred, which suggests the possibility of a copulatory lock. Offspring of the Female Participant were almost always in close proximity to or in contact with the pair, and harassment by the offspring was observed only during the final stages of the copulation. All but one copulatory event occurred in complete seclusion from other adult males, and sexual behavior was not limited to any one adult male in the group.
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patterns of behavior across reproductive states of free ranging Female black handed spider monkeys ateles geoffroyi
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2004Co-Authors: Christina J. CampbellAbstract:Reports on the behavior of spider monkeys (genus Ateles) describe a suite of 5–6 behaviors that are indicative of an estrous Female. This study presents hormonal data as an independent measure of reproductive state to determine if these behaviors are associated with any particular reproductive state or stage of the ovarian cycle. Fecal samples collected from 6 free-ranging Female black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) over the course of 11 months were assayed for estrogen (E1C) and progesterone (PdG) metabolites, using an enzyme immunoassay. Behavioral data collected from the same Females were analyzed for patterns associated with different reproductive states. A more detailed analysis of behavioral data associated with reproductively cycling periods determined whether each behavior clustered with copulations or a particular phase in the ovarian cycle. Observations of place-sniffing were more frequent for 4 of 5 Females when reproductively cycling. Of all copulations observed, 80% occurred when the Female Participant was reproductively cycling. In addition, the rates of self-clitoral hold and self-clitoral rub behaviors were significantly higher for 2 of 4 and 4 of 5 of Females, respectively, when reproductively cycling. No behavior consistently occurred in association with copulations or with any particular phase in the ovarian cycle. Results from this study suggest that the behaviors tested in this paper can provide some information regarding Female spider monkey reproductive state (whether or not she is reproductively cycling), but that they are not indicators of estrus in Female spider monkeys. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Herman Adlercreutz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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short term variations in enterolactone in serum 24 hour urine and spot urine and relationship with enterolactone concentrations
Clinical Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Katariina Stumpf, Herman AdlercreutzAbstract:Enterolactone, a mammalian lignan, is produced by colonic microflora from precursors present in food plants. Because intake of vegetables, fruits, berries, or whole grains is related to the enterolactone concentration in blood (1)(2) and excretion in urine (3)(4), enterolactone may function as a biomarker of fiber-rich foods. Important characteristics for a biomarker include convenient, low-risk collection of samples; specific, reliable laboratory measurement; and a high ratio of between-person to total variability \[intraclass correlation (ICC)\] (5). In epidemiologic studies, analytes with a low ICC often show weak associations with any disease (6). The present study describes the short-term variation in enterolactone in serum, 24-h urine, and spot-urine enterolactone:creatinine ratio and the relationship between enterolactone concentrations in serum, 24-h urine, and spot urine. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee on Epidemiology and Public Health in the hospital district of Helsinki and Uusimaa. Twenty volunteers (13 Females and 7 males) were recruited among university students. Exclusion criteria included age <18 years, antibacterial treatment during the preceding 3 months, and any major illness or regular medication, except contraceptive pills. The average age of the Participants was 22.2 years [95% confidence interval (CI), 21.4–22.9 years], and the average body mass index was 22.3 (20.9–23.6) kg/m2. Of the Female Participants, seven took oral contraceptives. The Female Participant who regularly took an antidepressant reported this only at the end of the study. One Participant dropped out because of antibacterial treatment for a urinary tract infection. One spot-urine sample was missing for one Female Participant, who was thus excluded from that analysis. The samples were collected on 5 successive days (Monday to Friday) for within-week variation and on the following 3 Mondays for within-month variation. Participants began collecting their urine 24 h before serum and spot-urine samples were …
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short term variations in enterolactone in serum 24 hour urine and spot urine and relationship with enterolactone concentrations
Clinical Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Katariina Stumpf, Herman AdlercreutzAbstract:Enterolactone, a mammalian lignan, is produced by colonic microflora from precursors present in food plants. Because intake of vegetables, fruits, berries, or whole grains is related to the enterolactone concentration in blood (1)(2) and excretion in urine (3)(4), enterolactone may function as a biomarker of fiber-rich foods. Important characteristics for a biomarker include convenient, low-risk collection of samples; specific, reliable laboratory measurement; and a high ratio of between-person to total variability \[intraclass correlation (ICC)\] (5). In epidemiologic studies, analytes with a low ICC often show weak associations with any disease (6). The present study describes the short-term variation in enterolactone in serum, 24-h urine, and spot-urine enterolactone:creatinine ratio and the relationship between enterolactone concentrations in serum, 24-h urine, and spot urine. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee on Epidemiology and Public Health in the hospital district of Helsinki and Uusimaa. Twenty volunteers (13 Females and 7 males) were recruited among university students. Exclusion criteria included age <18 years, antibacterial treatment during the preceding 3 months, and any major illness or regular medication, except contraceptive pills. The average age of the Participants was 22.2 years [95% confidence interval (CI), 21.4–22.9 years], and the average body mass index was 22.3 (20.9–23.6) kg/m2. Of the Female Participants, seven took oral contraceptives. The Female Participant who regularly took an antidepressant reported this only at the end of the study. One Participant dropped out because of antibacterial treatment for a urinary tract infection. One spot-urine sample was missing for one Female Participant, who was thus excluded from that analysis. The samples were collected on 5 successive days (Monday to Friday) for within-week variation and on the following 3 Mondays for within-month variation. Participants began collecting their urine 24 h before serum and spot-urine samples were …
Katariina Stumpf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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short term variations in enterolactone in serum 24 hour urine and spot urine and relationship with enterolactone concentrations
Clinical Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Katariina Stumpf, Herman AdlercreutzAbstract:Enterolactone, a mammalian lignan, is produced by colonic microflora from precursors present in food plants. Because intake of vegetables, fruits, berries, or whole grains is related to the enterolactone concentration in blood (1)(2) and excretion in urine (3)(4), enterolactone may function as a biomarker of fiber-rich foods. Important characteristics for a biomarker include convenient, low-risk collection of samples; specific, reliable laboratory measurement; and a high ratio of between-person to total variability \[intraclass correlation (ICC)\] (5). In epidemiologic studies, analytes with a low ICC often show weak associations with any disease (6). The present study describes the short-term variation in enterolactone in serum, 24-h urine, and spot-urine enterolactone:creatinine ratio and the relationship between enterolactone concentrations in serum, 24-h urine, and spot urine. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee on Epidemiology and Public Health in the hospital district of Helsinki and Uusimaa. Twenty volunteers (13 Females and 7 males) were recruited among university students. Exclusion criteria included age <18 years, antibacterial treatment during the preceding 3 months, and any major illness or regular medication, except contraceptive pills. The average age of the Participants was 22.2 years [95% confidence interval (CI), 21.4–22.9 years], and the average body mass index was 22.3 (20.9–23.6) kg/m2. Of the Female Participants, seven took oral contraceptives. The Female Participant who regularly took an antidepressant reported this only at the end of the study. One Participant dropped out because of antibacterial treatment for a urinary tract infection. One spot-urine sample was missing for one Female Participant, who was thus excluded from that analysis. The samples were collected on 5 successive days (Monday to Friday) for within-week variation and on the following 3 Mondays for within-month variation. Participants began collecting their urine 24 h before serum and spot-urine samples were …
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short term variations in enterolactone in serum 24 hour urine and spot urine and relationship with enterolactone concentrations
Clinical Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Katariina Stumpf, Herman AdlercreutzAbstract:Enterolactone, a mammalian lignan, is produced by colonic microflora from precursors present in food plants. Because intake of vegetables, fruits, berries, or whole grains is related to the enterolactone concentration in blood (1)(2) and excretion in urine (3)(4), enterolactone may function as a biomarker of fiber-rich foods. Important characteristics for a biomarker include convenient, low-risk collection of samples; specific, reliable laboratory measurement; and a high ratio of between-person to total variability \[intraclass correlation (ICC)\] (5). In epidemiologic studies, analytes with a low ICC often show weak associations with any disease (6). The present study describes the short-term variation in enterolactone in serum, 24-h urine, and spot-urine enterolactone:creatinine ratio and the relationship between enterolactone concentrations in serum, 24-h urine, and spot urine. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee on Epidemiology and Public Health in the hospital district of Helsinki and Uusimaa. Twenty volunteers (13 Females and 7 males) were recruited among university students. Exclusion criteria included age <18 years, antibacterial treatment during the preceding 3 months, and any major illness or regular medication, except contraceptive pills. The average age of the Participants was 22.2 years [95% confidence interval (CI), 21.4–22.9 years], and the average body mass index was 22.3 (20.9–23.6) kg/m2. Of the Female Participants, seven took oral contraceptives. The Female Participant who regularly took an antidepressant reported this only at the end of the study. One Participant dropped out because of antibacterial treatment for a urinary tract infection. One spot-urine sample was missing for one Female Participant, who was thus excluded from that analysis. The samples were collected on 5 successive days (Monday to Friday) for within-week variation and on the following 3 Mondays for within-month variation. Participants began collecting their urine 24 h before serum and spot-urine samples were …
Morikawa Daisuke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Horizontal Localization of Sound Image and Source in Monaural Congenital Deafness
'Research Institute of Signal Processing Japan', 2017Co-Authors: Takahashi Kyoko, Morikawa DaisukeAbstract:It is well known that interaural time difference, interaural level difference and spectral cue are used to determine 3D sound localization in binaural hearing. In the case of monaural hearing, interaural time difference and interaural level difference are not used. Therefore, it is assumed that there is different perception of sound localization between binaural and monaural hearing. In this study, we investigate the difference in the horizontal localization of sound image and source in monaural hearing. An experiment involving horizontal sound localization was performed with one Female Participant suffering from congenital complete hearing loss in the left ear. The experimental system consisted of 12 loudspeakers placed horizontally on the circumference of a circle having a radius of 1 m at 30-degree intervals. Four experimental sessions were performed (including 60 white noise stimuli per session). Excluding the instances with no localization (12%), all sound images were localized on the right side (0∼180 degrees). It appeared that sound images were localized on the side with the well-hearing ear, but not on the side with deaf ear. Sound source localization was possible generally over 360 degrees (in ± 30-degree allowance, 90.8%). As a result, we confirmed that the localization of sound image and source was discrete in congenital monaural hearing
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Horizontal Localization of Sound Images and Sound Sources for Monaural Congenital Deafness
'Research Institute of Signal Processing Japan', 2017Co-Authors: Takahashi Kyoko, Morikawa DaisukeAbstract:It is well known that the interaural time difference, interaural level difference and spectral cues are used to determine three-dimensional sound localization in binaural hearing. In the case of monaural hearing, the interaural time difference and interaural level difference are not used. Therefore, it is assumed that there is a different perception of sound localization between binaural and monaural hearing. In this study, we investigate the difference in the horizontal localization of sound images and sources in monaural hearing. An experiment involving horizontal sound localization was performed with one Female Participant suffering from congenital complete hearing loss in the left ear. The experimental system consisted of 12 loudspeakers placed horizontally on the circumference of a circle having a radius of 1 m at 30° intervals. Four experimental sessions were performed (including 60 white-noise stimuli per session). Excluding the instances with no localization (12%), all sound images were localized on the right side (0-180°). It appeared that sound images were localized on the side with the normal-hearing ear but not on the side with the deaf ear. Sound source localization was possible generally over 360° (with ± 30° allowance, 90.8%). As a result, we confirmed that the localization of sound images and sources was different in congenital monaural hearing
Takahashi Kyoko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Horizontal Localization of Sound Image and Source in Monaural Congenital Deafness
'Research Institute of Signal Processing Japan', 2017Co-Authors: Takahashi Kyoko, Morikawa DaisukeAbstract:It is well known that interaural time difference, interaural level difference and spectral cue are used to determine 3D sound localization in binaural hearing. In the case of monaural hearing, interaural time difference and interaural level difference are not used. Therefore, it is assumed that there is different perception of sound localization between binaural and monaural hearing. In this study, we investigate the difference in the horizontal localization of sound image and source in monaural hearing. An experiment involving horizontal sound localization was performed with one Female Participant suffering from congenital complete hearing loss in the left ear. The experimental system consisted of 12 loudspeakers placed horizontally on the circumference of a circle having a radius of 1 m at 30-degree intervals. Four experimental sessions were performed (including 60 white noise stimuli per session). Excluding the instances with no localization (12%), all sound images were localized on the right side (0∼180 degrees). It appeared that sound images were localized on the side with the well-hearing ear, but not on the side with deaf ear. Sound source localization was possible generally over 360 degrees (in ± 30-degree allowance, 90.8%). As a result, we confirmed that the localization of sound image and source was discrete in congenital monaural hearing
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Horizontal Localization of Sound Images and Sound Sources for Monaural Congenital Deafness
'Research Institute of Signal Processing Japan', 2017Co-Authors: Takahashi Kyoko, Morikawa DaisukeAbstract:It is well known that the interaural time difference, interaural level difference and spectral cues are used to determine three-dimensional sound localization in binaural hearing. In the case of monaural hearing, the interaural time difference and interaural level difference are not used. Therefore, it is assumed that there is a different perception of sound localization between binaural and monaural hearing. In this study, we investigate the difference in the horizontal localization of sound images and sources in monaural hearing. An experiment involving horizontal sound localization was performed with one Female Participant suffering from congenital complete hearing loss in the left ear. The experimental system consisted of 12 loudspeakers placed horizontally on the circumference of a circle having a radius of 1 m at 30° intervals. Four experimental sessions were performed (including 60 white-noise stimuli per session). Excluding the instances with no localization (12%), all sound images were localized on the right side (0-180°). It appeared that sound images were localized on the side with the normal-hearing ear but not on the side with the deaf ear. Sound source localization was possible generally over 360° (with ± 30° allowance, 90.8%). As a result, we confirmed that the localization of sound images and sources was different in congenital monaural hearing
