The Experts below are selected from a list of 213 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hope Hollocher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the genetics of reproductive isolation in the drosophila simulans clade x vs autosomal effects and male vs Female effects
Genetics, 1996Co-Authors: Hope HollocherAbstract:A strong effect of homozygous autosomal regions on reproductive isolation was found for crosses between the species in the Drosophila simulans clade. Second chromosome regions were introgressed from D. mauritiana and D. sechellia into D. simulans and tested for their homozygous effects on hybrid male and hybrid Female Sterility and inviability. Most introgressions are fertile as heterozygotes, yet produce sterile male offspring when made homozygous. The density of homozygous autosomal factors contributing to hybrid male Sterility is comparable to the density of X chromosome factors for this level of resolution. Female Sterility was also revealed, yet the disparity between male and Female levels of Sterility was great, with male Sterility being up to 23 times greater than Female Sterility. Complete hybrid inviability was also associated with some regions of the second chromosome, yet there were no strong sex differences. In conclusion, we find no evidence to support a strong X chromosome bias in the evolution of hybrid Sterility or inviability but do find a very strong sex bias in the evolution of hybrid Sterility. In light of these findings, we reevaluate the current models proposed to explain the genetic pattern of reproductive isolation.
John R. Pannell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Plant Mating Systems: Female Sterility in the Driver’s Seat
Current biology : CB, 2015Co-Authors: John R. Pannell, Marie VoillemotAbstract:Violation of Mendel's Law of Segregation by selfish X chromosomes that favour their own transmission is known for a number of organisms. Now, a new study reveals sex-ratio distortion favouring males and explains previously puzzling sex ratios in a Mediterranean shrub.
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Female Sterility associated with increased clonal propagation suggests a unique combination of androdioecy and asexual reproduction in populations of Cardamine amara (Brassicaceae)
Annals of botany, 2015Co-Authors: Andrew Tedder, Matthias Helling, John R. Pannell, Rie Shimizu-inatsugi, Tetsuhiro Kawagoe, Julia Van Campen, Jun Sese, Kentaro ShimizuAbstract:Background and Aims The coexistence of hermaphrodites and Female-sterile individuals, or androdioecy, has been documented in only a handful of plants and animals. This study reports its existence in the plant species Cardamine amara (Brassicaceae), in which Female-sterile individuals have shorter pistils than seed-producing hermaphrodites. Methods Morphological analysis, in situ manual pollination, microsatellite genotyping and differential gene expression analysis using Arabidopsis microarrays were used to delimit variation between Female-sterile individuals and hermaphrodites. Key Results Female Sterility in C. amara appears to be caused by disrupted ovule development. It was associated with a 2.4- to 2.9-fold increase in clonal propagation. This made the pollen number of Female-sterile genets more than double that of hermaphrodite genets, which fulfils a condition of co-existence predicted by simple androdioecy theories. When Female-sterile individuals were observed in wild androdioecious populations, their ramet frequencies ranged from 5 to 54 %; however, their genet frequencies ranged from 11 to 29 %, which is consistent with the theoretically predicted upper limit of 50 %. Conclusions The results suggest that a combination of sexual reproduction and increased asexual proliferation by Female-sterile individuals probably explains the invasion and maintenance of Female Sterility in otherwise hermaphroditic populations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the coexistence of Female Sterility and hermaphrodites in the Brassicaceae.
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Female Sterility in Ulmus minor (Ulmaceae): a hypothesis invoking the cost of sex in a clonal plant
American journal of botany, 2003Co-Authors: J. C. Lopez-almansa, John R. Pannell, Luis GilAbstract:A high incidence of individuals with low seed set was found in two populations of the field elm Ulmus minor, a European tree that reproduces sexually and via vegetative propagation through root sprouting. One population was a seminatural stand, while the other was established by artificial propagation of genotypes sampled widely across Spain. The low seed set in both populations was due to both pre- and post-zygotic factors, the importance of which vary between genotypes. These factors included gynoecial malformations that produced a non-ovulated pistil, early gynoecial necrosis (i.e., necrosis before any opportunities for pollination), and seed abortion. Female Sterility gave rise to two classes of individuals: trees that were largely Female-sterile but dispersed normal quantities of viable pollen, and trees that dispersed both normal pollen and substantial numbers of seeds. Reduced production of protein-rich seeds may increase the resource availability for clonal propagation, helping to maintain Female-sterile individuals with hermaphrodites.
Shangyin Cao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Small RNA and mRNA Sequencing Reveal the Roles of microRNAs Involved in Pomegranate Female Sterility.
International journal of molecular sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Lina Chen, Xiang Luo, Xuanwen Yang, Dan Jing, Xiaocong Xia, Krishna Poudel, Shangyin CaoAbstract:Female Sterility is a key factor restricting plant reproduction. Our previous studies have revealed that pomegranate Female Sterility mainly arose from the abnormality of ovule development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in ovule development. However, little is known about the roles of miRNAs in Female Sterility. In this study, a combined high-throughput sequencing approach was used to investigate the miRNAs and their targeted transcripts involved in Female development. A total of 103 conserved and 58 novel miRNAs were identified. Comparative profiling indicated that the expression of 43 known miRNAs and 14 novel miRNAs were differentially expressed between functional male flowers (FMFs) and bisexual flowers (BFs), 30 known miRNAs and nine novel miRNAs showed significant differences among different stages of BFs, and 20 known miRNAs and 18 novel miRNAs exhibited remarkable expression differences among different stages of FMFs. Gene ontology (GO) analyses of 144 predicted targets of differentially expressed miRNAs indicated that the "reproduction process" and "floral whorl development" processes were significantly enriched. The miRNA-mRNA interaction analyses revealed six pairs of candidate miRNAs and their targets associated with Female Sterility. Interestingly, pg-miR166a-3p was accumulated, whereas its predicted targets (Gglean012177.1 and Gglean013966.1) were repressed in functional male flowers (FMFs), and the interaction between pg-miR166a-3p and its targets (Gglean012177.1 and Gglean013966.1) were confirmed by transient assay. A. thaliana transformed with 35S-pre-pg-miR166a-3p verified the role of pg-miR166a-3p in ovule development, which indicated pg-miR166a-3p's potential role in pomegranate Female Sterility. The results provide new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying the Female Sterility at the miRNA level.
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transcriptomic analysis reveals candidate genes for Female Sterility in pomegranate flowers
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017Co-Authors: Lina Chen, Jie Zhang, Juan Niu, Hui Xue, Beibei Liu, Qi Wang, Xiang Luo, Fuhong Zhang, Diguang Zhao, Shangyin CaoAbstract:Pomegranate has two types of flowers on the same plant: functional male flowers (FMF) and bisexual flowers (BF). BF are Female-fertile flowers that can set fruits. FMF are Female-sterile flowers that fail to set fruit and that eventually drop. The putative cause of pomegranate FMF Female Sterility is abnormal ovule development. However, the key stage at which the FMF pomegranate ovules become abnormal and the mechanism of regulation of pomegranate Female Sterility remain unknown. Here, we studied ovule development in FMF and BF, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to explore the key stage at which ovule development was terminated and then analyzed genes differentially expressed (differentially expressed genes - DEGs) between FMF and BF to investigate the mechanism responsible for pomegranate Female Sterility. Ovule development in FMF ceased following the formation of the inner integument primordium. The key stage for the termination of FMF ovule development was when the bud vertical diameter (BVD) was 5.0-13.0 mm. Candidate genes influencing ovule development may be crucial factors in pomegranate Female Sterility. INNER OUTER (INO/YABBY4) (Gglean016270) and AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) homolog genes (Gglean003340 and Gglean011480), which regulate the development of the integument, showed down-regulation in FMF at the key stage of ovule development cessation (ATNSII). Their upstream regulator genes, such as AGAMOUS-like (AG-like) (Gglean028014, Gglean026618, and Gglean028632) and SPOROCYTELESS (SPL) homolog genes (Gglean005812), also showed differential expression pattern between BF and FMF at this key stage. The differential expression of the ethylene response signal genes, ETR (ethylene-resistant) (Gglean022853) and ERF1/2 (ethylene-responsive factor) (Gglean022880), between FMF and BF indicated that ethylene signaling may also be an important factor in the development of pomegranate Female Sterility. The increase in BF observed after spraying with ethephon supported this interpretation. Results from qRT-PCR confirmed the findings of the transcriptomic analysis.
Lina Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Small RNA and mRNA Sequencing Reveal the Roles of microRNAs Involved in Pomegranate Female Sterility.
International journal of molecular sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Lina Chen, Xiang Luo, Xuanwen Yang, Dan Jing, Xiaocong Xia, Krishna Poudel, Shangyin CaoAbstract:Female Sterility is a key factor restricting plant reproduction. Our previous studies have revealed that pomegranate Female Sterility mainly arose from the abnormality of ovule development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in ovule development. However, little is known about the roles of miRNAs in Female Sterility. In this study, a combined high-throughput sequencing approach was used to investigate the miRNAs and their targeted transcripts involved in Female development. A total of 103 conserved and 58 novel miRNAs were identified. Comparative profiling indicated that the expression of 43 known miRNAs and 14 novel miRNAs were differentially expressed between functional male flowers (FMFs) and bisexual flowers (BFs), 30 known miRNAs and nine novel miRNAs showed significant differences among different stages of BFs, and 20 known miRNAs and 18 novel miRNAs exhibited remarkable expression differences among different stages of FMFs. Gene ontology (GO) analyses of 144 predicted targets of differentially expressed miRNAs indicated that the "reproduction process" and "floral whorl development" processes were significantly enriched. The miRNA-mRNA interaction analyses revealed six pairs of candidate miRNAs and their targets associated with Female Sterility. Interestingly, pg-miR166a-3p was accumulated, whereas its predicted targets (Gglean012177.1 and Gglean013966.1) were repressed in functional male flowers (FMFs), and the interaction between pg-miR166a-3p and its targets (Gglean012177.1 and Gglean013966.1) were confirmed by transient assay. A. thaliana transformed with 35S-pre-pg-miR166a-3p verified the role of pg-miR166a-3p in ovule development, which indicated pg-miR166a-3p's potential role in pomegranate Female Sterility. The results provide new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying the Female Sterility at the miRNA level.
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transcriptomic analysis reveals candidate genes for Female Sterility in pomegranate flowers
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017Co-Authors: Lina Chen, Jie Zhang, Juan Niu, Hui Xue, Beibei Liu, Qi Wang, Xiang Luo, Fuhong Zhang, Diguang Zhao, Shangyin CaoAbstract:Pomegranate has two types of flowers on the same plant: functional male flowers (FMF) and bisexual flowers (BF). BF are Female-fertile flowers that can set fruits. FMF are Female-sterile flowers that fail to set fruit and that eventually drop. The putative cause of pomegranate FMF Female Sterility is abnormal ovule development. However, the key stage at which the FMF pomegranate ovules become abnormal and the mechanism of regulation of pomegranate Female Sterility remain unknown. Here, we studied ovule development in FMF and BF, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to explore the key stage at which ovule development was terminated and then analyzed genes differentially expressed (differentially expressed genes - DEGs) between FMF and BF to investigate the mechanism responsible for pomegranate Female Sterility. Ovule development in FMF ceased following the formation of the inner integument primordium. The key stage for the termination of FMF ovule development was when the bud vertical diameter (BVD) was 5.0-13.0 mm. Candidate genes influencing ovule development may be crucial factors in pomegranate Female Sterility. INNER OUTER (INO/YABBY4) (Gglean016270) and AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) homolog genes (Gglean003340 and Gglean011480), which regulate the development of the integument, showed down-regulation in FMF at the key stage of ovule development cessation (ATNSII). Their upstream regulator genes, such as AGAMOUS-like (AG-like) (Gglean028014, Gglean026618, and Gglean028632) and SPOROCYTELESS (SPL) homolog genes (Gglean005812), also showed differential expression pattern between BF and FMF at this key stage. The differential expression of the ethylene response signal genes, ETR (ethylene-resistant) (Gglean022853) and ERF1/2 (ethylene-responsive factor) (Gglean022880), between FMF and BF indicated that ethylene signaling may also be an important factor in the development of pomegranate Female Sterility. The increase in BF observed after spraying with ethephon supported this interpretation. Results from qRT-PCR confirmed the findings of the transcriptomic analysis.
Marie Voillemot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Plant Mating Systems: Female Sterility in the Driver’s Seat
Current biology : CB, 2015Co-Authors: John R. Pannell, Marie VoillemotAbstract:Violation of Mendel's Law of Segregation by selfish X chromosomes that favour their own transmission is known for a number of organisms. Now, a new study reveals sex-ratio distortion favouring males and explains previously puzzling sex ratios in a Mediterranean shrub.
